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1.
Given the widespread importance of amides in biochemical and chemical systems, an efficient synthesis that avoids wasteful use of stoichiometric coupling reagents or corrosive acidic and basic media is highly desirable. We report a reaction in which primary amines are directly acylated by equimolar amounts of alcohols to produce amides and molecular hydrogen (the only products) in high yields and high turnover numbers. This reaction is catalyzed by a ruthenium complex based on a dearomatized PNN-type ligand [where PNN is 2-(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)-6-(diethylaminomethyl)pyridine], and no base or acid promoters are required. Use of primary diamines in the reaction leads to bis-amides, whereas with a mixed primary-secondary amine substrate, chemoselective acylation of the primary amine group takes place. The proposed mechanism involves dehydrogenation of hemiaminal intermediates formed by the reaction of an aldehyde intermediate with the amine. 相似文献
2.
Tyramine-H3: deaminated metabolites in neuroblastoma tumors and in continuous cell line of a neuroblastoma 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Neuroblastoma tumors, as well as cultured cells of neuroblastoma, contain high monoamine oxidase activity. The major deaminated metabolite of tyramine-H(3) in the incubation mixtures with the tumors or with the cultured cells is p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. Upon addition of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, the aldehyde was further metabolized by the reductive pathway to p-hydroxyphenylethanol, whereas upon addition of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate the aldehyde was only metabolized to a minor extent by the oxidative pathway to p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is very low in the neuroblastoma tumors and in the cultured neuroblastoma cells. The generation of aldehydes and alcohols by the action of monoamine oxidase suggests that the deaminated metabolites of biogenic amines might exhibit some toxic effects in neuroblastoma patients. 相似文献
3.
[目的]获得一种香味更持久的新型香料。[方法]以4-甲基-3-硝基苯甲酸为起始物,通过酯化反应将其转化为4-甲基-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯（2）,又经过缩合反应、氧化反应、醛基保护等步骤合成2-（3-硝基-4-甲氧甲酰基）-苯基-1,3-二硫戊烷。[结果]目标产物及某些重要中间体的结构已通过红外光谱、质谱、H1NMR进行表征。[结论]目标化合物2-（3-硝基4-甲氧甲酰基）-苯基-1,3-二硫戊烷具有微弱的油脂香气和肉味,总收率达46.8%。 相似文献
4.
The formation of a single product from terminal functionalization of linear alkanes from a transition metal-catalyzed reaction is reported. The rhodium complex Cp*Rh(eta(4)-C(6)Me(6)) (Cp*, C(5)Me(5); Me, methyl) catalyzes the high-yield formation of linear alkylboranes from commercially available borane reagents under thermal conditions. These reactions now allow catalytic, regiospecific functionalization of alkanes under thermal conditions. The organoborane products are among the most versatile synthetic intermediates in chemistry and serve as convenient precursors to alcohols, amines, and other common classes of functionalized molecules. 相似文献
5.
以α-蒎烯为原料合成了系列新型的N-烷基-N-(α-龙脑烯基)乙酰胺类芳香化合物,并探索了氮原子上取代基的不同结构与产物香气间的构效关系。α-蒎烯经环氧化得到2,3-环氧蒎烷,再经催化异构化反应得到α-龙脑烯醛;α-龙脑烯醛与伯胺缩合、NaBH4选择性还原得到N-烷基-α-龙脑烯胺,再经乙酰化后得到N-烷基-N-(α-龙脑烯基)乙酰胺类化合物。采用1H-NMR、13C-NMR、FT-IR、MS等对合成酰胺类化合物进行了结构表征,对合成产物的香气特征进行了鉴定。结果表明:N-正丁基-N-(α-龙脑烯基)乙酰胺和N-叔丁基-N-(α-龙脑烯基)乙酰胺具有良好的香气特征,作为新型芳香化合物具有较好的开发价值。 相似文献
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在亚洲栽培稻的分类上,许多作者都提出过中间型的问题。我们则提出应只分籼粳两亚种,在亚种之下设生态群——生态型的建议。我们就形态特征对南亚和西亚稻种的分类与 Glaszmann 依据同工酶的分类取得基本一致的结果。其中分布在尼泊尔以西的巴基斯坦、伊朗和阿富汗的细长粒粳稻,我们称之为镰刀谷是一种特殊生态型,曾被误分为籼稻,而分布在尼泊尔以东从阿萨姆直到云南的镰刀谷也多为粳稻,但无稃毛,可能为另一粳稻系统。镰刀谷中不少优质米和香米品种。本研究揭示了在南亚和西亚地带也存在着不少有用的粳稻资源,并确有一些偏籼、偏粳但不是真正中间型的品种,这无疑将在扩大粳稻育种的种质来源和进一步研究稻种的起源和分化展开一个新的视野。 相似文献
7.
刘建利 《甘肃农业大学学报》2008,43(5)
在微波辐射及无溶剂的条件下,氯化镉催化芳香醛、β-酮酸酯和尿素发生Biginelli缩合反应合成了系列3,4-二氢嘧啶-2-酮类化合物.结果表明,当n(苯甲醛)∶n(β-酮酸酯)∶n(尿素)为1.0∶1.0∶1.5,催化剂用量为芳香醛的12%,微波功率280 W,辐射时间5 min,3,4-二氢嘧啶-2-酮的收率高达85%~95%.该合成反应条件温和,反应时间短,操作简便,产率高,是一种环境友好型催化反应. 相似文献
8.
[目的]研究鱿鱼加工废弃物鱼酱油发酵过程中的生物胺含量变化。[方法]利用高效液相色谱-柱后衍生-荧光检测法研究了鱿鱼加工废弃物鱼酱油中酪胺、尸胺、组胺、精胺、亚精胺、胍丁胺和腐胺7种生物胺含量在发酵过程中的变化。[结果]鱼酱油中的7种生物胺得到了很好的分离和测定,平均回收率较好,为88.6%～111.7%,相对标准偏差RSD小于10%。鱿鱼加工废弃物鱼酱油发酵过程中7种生物胺的变化规律：酪胺含量随发酵时间的延长增加较快,腐胺次之,组胺含量增加较少,尸胺、胍丁胺、精胺、亚精胺含量在发酵过程中变化很小。发酵30d得到的鱿鱼加工废弃物低盐鱼酱油中酪胺、腐胺、组胺、尸胺、胍丁胺、精胺、亚精胺含量分别为（20.75±0.84）、（8.95±0.55）、（3.37±0.27）、（0.32±0.07）、（0.14±0.02）、（0.67±0.02）、（0.69±0.03）mg/L,其与日本鱿鱼鱼酱油各种生物胺的含量比例相似。[结论]为鱿鱼加工废弃物低盐鱼酱油的生产提供技术资料。 相似文献
9.
Waterlogged molecules 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
R Wolfenden 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,222(4628):1087-1093
Measurements of vapor pressures over their aqueous solutions indicate that organic compounds show profound differences in hydrophilic character. These differences are of such magnitude as to suggest an important role for changing solvation in determining free energy changes associated with metabolic transformations in water, and in governing structural equilibria of proteins and other large molecules in water. When two or more functional groups are present within the same solute molecule, their combined effects on its free energy of solvation are commonly additive. Striking departures from additivity, observed in certain cases, indicate the existence of special interactions between different parts of a solute molecule and the water that surrounds it. Similar considerations presumably apply to activated intermediates in the interconversion of biological materials. 相似文献
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[目的]优选合适的方法定性定量地分析餐厨废弃物中5种生物胺的含量.[方法]应用紫外检测-反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）技术,建立了餐厨废弃物中5种生物胺的定性定量分析方法.餐厨废弃物经三氯乙酸溶液提取后,正己烷除脂,苯甲酰氯衍生,氮吹浓缩,进行RP-HPLC检测.采用Waters RP18色谱柱（4.6 mm×150 mm,3.5μm）,流动相采用甲醇和水进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.8ml/min,柱温为30℃,紫外检测波长为254 nm.[结果]该方法在0.50～ 50.00μg/ml范围内线性关系良好（R2 ＞0.99）,5种生物胺的检测限：腐胺、尸胺为0.1 μg/ml,精胺、组胺、酪胺为0.5μg/ml.相对标准偏差（RSD）低于6％,5种生物胺的加标回收率为67％～ 120％.[结论]该方法灵敏度高,重复性和准确性好,适合餐厨废弃物中生物胺的定性定量分析. 相似文献
12.
种植密度和行距配置对玉米穗位叶光合特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
玉米穗位叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)均随密度增大而呈降低趋势,且均在生育后期差异较显著。光合作用关键酶磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEP-Case)和1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(RuBPCase)活性亦呈降低趋势。叶绿素含量、Pn、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、PEPCase和RuBPCase活性在低密度下各行距配置间均无显著差异,但在中高密度下,"80+40"配置均高于其他配置,尤其是在生育后期差异显著,适宜的行距配置可提高穗位叶光合能力。 相似文献
13.
Fast electrical responses elicited from the transient intermediates in the bleaching of rhodopsin have been investigated in the retina of the albino rat. In the experiments we used two-flash stimuli triggered sequentially with a continuously variable time delay between them. At room temperature the potential is biphasic in wave-form. The dominant, corneal-positive component is preceded by a small, corneal-negative component. Cooling the retina to about 0 degrees C suppresses the positive component and isolates the faster, negative component. Experiments with color filters show that these two components display different spectral sensitivities and, hence, suggest that each of them is produced by a different photoproduct of bleaching. 相似文献
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提高农民信息素质,促进社会主义新农村建设 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
现代社会进入了信息社会时代。农村信息化是新农村建设的基本特征和信息保障。在信息服务向数字化、网络化发展的今天，实际情况是，中国大多数农民却一直游离于信息资源之外，这种状况的存在，对新农村建设来说是极为不利之事。因而，本文从农民信息素质的角度，分析当前农民应用网络农业信息资源的各种障碍因素，探索突破这些障碍的对策措施，提高农民信息素质，使其能够从信息网络的飞速发展中受益，加快和促进我国新农村建设工作的顺利进行。 相似文献
15.
《农业科学学报》2016,(5)
The aim of this work was to distinguish volatile organic compound(VOC) profiles of royal jelly(RJ) from different nectar plants. Headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME) was used to extract VOCs from raw RJ harvested from 10 nectar plants in flowering seasons. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of VOCs extracts were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Results showed that VOC profiles of RJ from the samples were rich in acid, ester and aldehyde compound classes, however, contents of them were differential, exemplified by the data from acetic acid, benzoic acid methyl ester, hexanoic acid and octanoic acid. As a conclusion, these four VOCs can be used for distinguishing RJ harvested in the seasons of different nectar plants. 相似文献
16.
在实验条件下研究了回收酚钠盐制胶的可行性，结果表明，回收酚钠盐制胶是可行的，这种胶完全能代替２１２２＾＃酚醛树脂胶，反应速度与催化剂Ａ用量成正相关。 相似文献
17.
为获得高活性重组人乙醛脱氢酶2(ALDH2)重组蛋白,研究通过PCR获得ALDH2基因,先后构建克隆和表达载体p GEM-ALDH2和p TYB11-ALDH2。转化的阳性重组菌经IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE显示融合蛋白获得大量表达。通过正交试验对表达条件优化设计,结果表明,诱导OD值0.3,30℃,IPTG浓度1.0 mmol·L-1,诱导表达4 h为最优表达条件。由于融合蛋白以包涵体形式存在,经变性、复性,使用IMPACTTM-CN蛋白纯化系统,经内含肽标签蛋白自裂解洗脱、纯化,获得仅含有几个载体氨基酸的ALDH2蛋白,蛋白浓度为0.045 mg·m L-1。纯化的ALDH2蛋白比活力为462 U·mg-1。 相似文献
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【目的】 研究土壤微生物群落代谢活性及多样性对地下油气储藏情况的响应。【方法】 采用Biolog-ECO微平板技术,研究焉耆境内不同油气储藏地区,地下80~100 cm土壤样品微生物的群落代谢活性及多样性。【结果】 微生物代谢活性总体呈现利于藏油气区域微生物活性>不利于或难于评价藏油气区域>无藏油气区域的规律;在利于藏油气和不利于或难评价藏油气区域样品中,氨基酸和多聚物利用微生物在AWCD的贡献上均高于对照区域,而羧酸、胺类均低于对照区域。主成分分析表明,三个不同藏油气区域微生物群落分布特征有着明显差异,PCA 1、PCA 2中权重最大的基质为D-甘露醇和D-木糖,分别为载荷值0.97和0.87。【结论】 新疆焉耆三个区域,地下土壤微生物群落明显受油气分布影响。Biolog -ECO微平板技术可能作为油气储藏初步勘测的一种手段。 相似文献
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