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1.
为探讨土壤水分变化对信阳五月鲜桃光合作用日变化的影响,以2年生信阳五月鲜桃幼树为试材,应用Li-6400光合作用测定系统,测定5个水分梯度下信阳五月鲜桃叶片光合参数的日变化过程。结果表明:当土壤相对含水量大于74.9%时,信阳五月鲜桃光合速率、蒸腾速率以及水分利用效率都维持在一个较高的水平。当土壤相对含水量为92.5%时,光合速率和蒸腾速率均有所下降,这主要是由于气孔因素的限制引起的。当土壤相对含水量为55.7%时,光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率均表现出了较好的变化趋势,但依然低于高水分状态下的光合蒸腾值。当土壤相对含水量低于24.1%时,光合作用降低的主要因素转为非气孔限制因素。信阳五月鲜桃最适的光合作用和最高的水分利用效率的土壤相对含水量为74.9%左右。 相似文献
2.
应用英国PPS公司生产的CIRAS-2型光合作用系统,在半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区,测定了3年生山桃苗在不同土壤水分条件下叶片光合及蒸腾等生理参数的日变化特征.结果表明:不同土壤水分条件下,光合速率、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率的日变化过程呈现不同的变化规律.土壤相对含水量为57.3%、70.1%、80.2%时,光合速率的日最大值分别出现在13:00、9:00、13:00,分别为10.51、12.52、9.25 μmol·m-2·s-1,日均值分别为6.83±4.92、6.40±4.43、5.66±3.44 μmol·m-2·s-1;在其它水分条件下,光合速率有明显午休现象.蒸腾速率的日变化过程与光合速率相似,土壤相对含水量为57.3%、70.1%、80.2%时,最大值均出现在13:00,日均值分别为1.91±1.03、3.27±2.09、2.90±1.70 μmol·mol-1.在所测水分范围内水分利用效率上午时段的最大值大部分出现在7:00或9:00,下午时段最大值出现的时间相差较大.当土壤相对含水量大于57.3%时,山桃光合速率下降的主要原因是气孔限制引起的,在其它土壤水分条件下,山桃在上午时段(13:00以前)以气孔限制为主,而下午时段(13:00以后)转变为以非气孔限制为主.依据光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率与土壤水分的定量关系,在半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区,维持山桃正常生长的适宜水分范围是土壤相对含水量为30.9W.3%,应选择阴坡或半阴坡进行栽培. 相似文献
3.
《西部林业科学》2019,(5)
采用人工控制土壤水分的方法,测定不同土壤含水量条件下祁连圆柏苗木的蒸腾速率、净光合速率和水分利用效率等指标,分析祁连圆柏在不同土壤含水量和光照条件下光合生理响应特征及其变化规律。结果表明:祁连圆柏的蒸腾速率、净光合速率均随着土壤含水量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势。光合有效辐射在400-2 000μmol/(m~2·s)范围内,祁连圆柏的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用率均呈现最高值。土壤水分含量在17.04%、15.54%和11.77%时,祁连圆柏的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用率达到最高值,土壤含水量11.7%-17.04%是祁连圆柏生长最适宜的土壤水分区间。 相似文献
4.
不同土壤水分条件下雷公藤的生长及光响应特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择2年生雷公藤盆栽扦插苗为实验材料,研究了不同土壤水分条件下(土壤含水量分别为土壤田间持水量的80%、60%、40%和20%)雷公藤的生长及光响应特征,结果表明:在4种水分条件下,雷公藤枝条和叶片的生长量及叶片质量均随土壤含水量的增加而逐渐增加,土壤含水量为80%时生长量较好,叶绿素含量及比叶鲜重、干重均较高,土壤含水量为20%时生长相对较差,与各处理间差异显著;随着水分胁迫的加重,雷公藤的光合和蒸腾速率逐渐降低,不同土壤水分条件下,雷公藤光合与蒸腾的光响应均表现出一致的变化趋势,即随着光照强度的增加,其光合与蒸腾速率均呈先上升后下降的趋势。 相似文献
5.
文章以黄土半干旱区的主要经济树种核桃为研究对象，研究了核桃苗木在不同土壤水分条件下蒸腾速率与外界因子（光照和水分）和内部因子（叶水势和气孔阻力）之间的关系，建立蒸腾速率与各因子之间的关系方程。研究结果表明，在土壤含水量临近15％时，蒸腾速率主要受土壤水分的影响，因此，可考虑在此范围对蒸腾速率进行调控，以提高林木的水分利用效率。 相似文献
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不同灌水量对早实核桃水分利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为科学指导早实核桃水分管理,以8年生早实核桃‘绿岭’为试材,每次分别进行0,15,30,45和60kg/株5个水平的灌水处理,以常规管理园片的灌水量600 kg/(株·次)为对照,研究了不同处理对树干液流、水分利用效率、产量及果实品质的影响。结果表明:0~60kg/(株·次)5个处理及对照的4—9月平均土壤含水量分别为17.16%,18.11%,19.21%,20.30%,21.12%和21.88%;晴天各处理液流速率日变化曲线随着土壤含水量的减小由单峰变为双峰,且主峰的波峰变窄;瞬时最大液流速率及日平均液流速率均以60 kg/(株·次)或对照最大;各处理蒸腾速率、光合速率日变化均呈单峰曲线,水分利用效率日变化为双峰曲线,日平均水分利用效率以30kg/(株·次)最高,为1.54mmol/mol;随着土壤水分的减少,叶片水势日变化曲线由"V"型变为"W"型,日平均叶片水势以对照最高,为-1.23MPa;坚果品质随着土壤含水量的增大得以一定程度的提高,产量随着土壤含水量的增加先增大后减小,两者之间呈‘抛物线’状相关。早实核桃‘绿岭’的最适土壤含水量范围为20.01%~21.96%。 相似文献
8.
在半干旱黄土丘陵区,采用CIRAS-2型光合作用系统,在不同土壤水分条件下,对2年生杠柳的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片水分利用效率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度等叶片气体交换参数的日变化进行了研究.结果表明:土壤水分的变化会影响到杠柳光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率的日变化过程.相对含水量为31.6%～84.9%时,杠柳可以维持较高光合生产力和较高的叶片水分利用效率,杠柳维持正常生理和生长过程所需的最低相对含水量为21.7%.据此认为:杠柳对土壤水分的适应范围较广,适宜栽植在黄土丘陵区水分较少的阳坡、陡坡. 相似文献
9.
以2012年春季栽植的"绿岭"核桃幼树为材料,研究了保水剂对土壤含水量、核桃生长、结果以及叶绿素含量的影响,并测定了保水剂的吸水特性。结果表明:保水剂吸水5h达到饱和后,其吸水倍数为56.86倍。随着保水剂施用量的增加,不同时期土壤含水量也随之增大,株施保水剂20g、40g、60g以及CK在2013年4月13日(越冬后未浇水)的土壤含水量分别为16.57%、16.78%、17.35%、15.90%;4月26日(浇萌芽水后第3天)分别为18.11%、18.57%、18.70%、17.48%;6月10日(浇水后第4天)分别为16.86%、17.58%、18.15%、15.36%。保水剂对幼树生长有促进作用,施用当年,保水剂处理核桃幼树的地径、新梢数量、新梢平均长度均显著高于对照;施用第2年,各保水剂处理新梢平均长度均显著高于CK。保水剂对叶片叶绿素含量无显著影响。施用保水剂处理单株雌花数均大于对照,株施保水剂20g、40g、60g和CK的单株雌花数分别为3.67个、3.89个、4.44个、3.33个,株施保水剂60g单株雌花数显著高于CK及其他保水剂处理;但保水剂对单株坐果数的影响不显著。株施40~60g为‘绿岭’核桃幼树保水剂适宜施用量。 相似文献
10.
土壤水分状况对核桃生长和发育的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以1年生西洛3号核桃品种的实生苗和18年生高接大树为材料,进行盆栽和野外定量控水试验.结果表明:1)随土壤含水量增加,叶片的气孔开度、栅栏组织/叶肉组织比值、叶片厚度、主脉厚度增大,下表皮气孔密度、表皮细胞密度减小.2)核桃生长的关键需水时期是4、5、6月份.随着生长进程的推移,树体的需水程度逐渐降低,抗旱性能不断增强.3)核桃叶水势的日进程是8:00-14:00逐渐升高,到14:00达到最大; 此后,14:00-18:00又逐渐下降.季节性变化特点是从5月份开始就逐渐下降,而且为不可逆的变化.4)在核桃生长期内,叶绿素含量随生长进程的更替而逐渐增加,尤以4月份增幅最大.在同一时期内,叶绿素含量随土壤含水量增大而增加,最大增量为0.05 mg·dm-2.5)水分调控对增加核桃幼树树干基径、树高生长量,成年树春梢与秋梢生长量和果实质量,提高核桃单株产量,降低核桃落果率均有明显的作用.随土壤含水量增加,树干基径、树高生长量均增加.春梢基径和春梢长度均随土壤含水量增大而增大.6)在黄土高原干旱地区,4月1日-6月20日保持130～160 g·kg-1的土壤含水量即可满足核桃叶片解剖结构正常发育和树体正常生长的需要;6月20日-10月31日少灌水或不灌水,有利于核桃春梢生长和促进营养生长向生殖生长转化,实现早实、丰产和优质. 相似文献
11.
Temporal and spatial variations in the water status of walnut trees (Juglans regia L.) and the soil in which they were growing were traced by analyzing the differences in hydrogen isotopes during spring and summer in a 7-year-old walnut stand. Walnut root dynamics were measured in both dry and wet seasons. Walnut roots were mainly distributed in the upper soil (0-30 cm depth), with around 60% of the total root mass in upper soil layers and 40% in deep soil layers (30-80 cm depth). The upper soil layers contributed 68% of the total tree water requirement in the wet season, but only 47% in the dry season. In the wet season, total roots, living roots and new roots were all significantly more abundant than in the dry season. There were significant differences in pre-dawn branch percentage loss of hydraulic conductance (PLC), pre-dawn leaf water potential and transpiration between the dry and wet seasons. Water content in the upper soil layers remarkably influenced xylem water stable-hydrogen isotope (δD) values. Furthermore, there were linear relationships between the xylem water δD value and pre-dawn branch PLC, pre-dawn leaf water potential, transpiration rate and photosynthetic rate. In summary, J. regia was compelled to take a larger amount of water from the deep soil layers in the dry season, but this shift could not prevent water stress in the plant. The xylem water δD values could be used as an indicator to investigate the water stress of plants, besides probing profiles of soil water use. 相似文献
12.
Virginia Hernndez-Santana Jordi Martínez-Vilalta Jos Martínez-Fernndez Mathew Williams 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009,258(7):1719-1730
Under climate change, severe and recurrent droughts can reduce forest production and cause widespread tree dieback. The response of different vegetation types to climate change can vary greatly and, therefore, must be individually assessed. This study was carried out in a Mediterranean oak forest (Quercus pyrenaica) subject to seasonal summer drought. To examine the response of the forest to the climate conditions predicted under climate change, a Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere Transfer model [SPA, Williams, M., Rastetter, E.B., Fernandes, D.N., Goulden, M.L., Wofsy, S.C., Shaver, G.R., Melillo, J.M., Munger, J.W., Fan, S.M., Nadelhoffer, K.J. 1996. Modelling the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in a Quercus–Acer stand at Harvard Forest: the regulation of stomatal conductance by light, nitrogen and soil/plant hydraulic properties. Plant, Cell, Environment 19, 911–927] was used. The model was parameterized using mostly local measurements (independent of the verification data) and tested against in situ sap flow measurements obtained during year 2007. The predictions of the model were broadly consistent with the observed dynamics of sap flow (the model explained 71% of the variance in daily transpiration and 75% of half-hourly sap flow), leaf water potentials and soil water content. Once the model had been validated, simulations were carried out under warmer and dryer conditions. Predicted warmer conditions (4 °C) caused a moderate increase in total simulated transpiration. Less frequent precipitation (40% longer dry periods between rainfall events) had very little effect on transpiration. In contrast, transpiration was reduced by 17% when the soil water reserves at the beginning of the summer were lower than in 2007, corresponding to those measured in a very dry year (2005). The reduction was exacerbated when changes in temperature and rainfall were also considered (up to 28% decline in transpiration). The higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations (712 ppm) simulated together with climate change, did not prevent the decline in tree water use or soil water storage at the end of the summer. All scenarios caused the soil water storage to reach extremely low values at the end of the dry season (a minimum of 25 mm). It is concluded that climate change is likely to have a negative impact on tree water use and soil water resources in the study area, increasing the water deficit by as much as 30%. 相似文献
13.
在库布齐沙漠,对防风固沙植被中最常见的小叶杨、家榆、沙米、苦豆子、油蒿、沙柳等植物种的蒸腾速率、净光合速率、气孔导度、水分利用率的日变化进行了测定,并且对环境因子包括土壤含水量、光照强度、大气温度、大气湿度、CO2浓度等的相互关系进行了测试及分析研究。结果表明:乔木树种的水分利用效率远比草本和灌木树种低。以中午时瞬间的水分利用效率相比较,乔木树种在2.0~3.5μmolCO2/mmolH2O之间,草本植物在2.0~5.0μmolCO2/mmolH2O之间,而灌木树种则在15.0~20.0μmolCO2/mmolH2O之间。因此从提高水分利用效率的角度出发,在库布齐沙漠应大力发展沙生灌木植被类型。本项研究成果为库布齐沙漠防风固沙林适宜植物种选择和密度配置提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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梭梭(HaloxylonAmmodendronBge,一种C4灌木)苗种植在15升的容器中,给予不同的水分胁迫处理,研究了其水分关系和气体交换特征。结果表明:当土壤水分含量大于11%时,梭梭苗有高的蒸腾量;土壤水分含量低于6%时,苗木就不能从土壤中吸取水分;很好供水的苗木的蒸腾量与潜在蒸发量成线型相关。气体交换测定发现,随着土壤水分含量的下降,造成了不同程度的气孔导度、叶蒸腾强度和光合作用的下降。对同一苗木而言,由于这个地区有高的水气压亏缺(VPD),很好和中度供水的苗木在气孔反应方面有较宽的范围,气孔在决定光合作用方面起着较小的作用,二者没有明显的线型相关关系。虽然水分胁迫使蒸腾速率比光合速率下降的更快,提高了水分利用效率,而较高的蒸发需求增加了蒸腾量,限制了光合作用,但是总的趋势是光合作用和蒸腾强度成线型相关。图6表2参15。 相似文献
15.
Duursma RA Kolari P Perämäki M Nikinmaa E Hari P Delzon S Loustau D Ilvesniemi H Pumpanen J Mäkelä A 《Tree physiology》2008,28(2):265-276
The effect of drought on forest water use is often estimated with models, but comprehensive models require many parameters, and simple models may not be sufficiently flexible. Many tree species, Pinus species in particular, have been shown to maintain a constant minimum leaf water potential above the critical threshold for xylem embolism during drought. In such cases, prediction of the relative decline in daily maximum transpiration rate with decreasing soil water content is relatively straightforward. We constructed a soil-plant water flow model assuming constant plant conductance and daily minimum leaf water potential, but variable conductance from soil to root. We tested this model against independent data from two sites: automatic shoot chamber data and sap flow measurements from a boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand; and sap flow measurements from a maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) stand. To focus on soil limitations to water uptake, we expressed daily maximum transpiration rate relative to the rate that would be obtained in wet soil with similar environmental variables. The comparison was successful, although the maritime pine stand showed carry-over effects of the drought that we could not explain. For the boreal Scots pine stand, daily maximum transpiration was best predicted by water content of soil deeper than 5 cm. A sensitivity analysis revealed that model predictions were relatively insensitive to the minimum leaf water potential, which can be accounted for by the importance of soil resistance of drying soil. We conclude that a model with constant plant conductance and minimum leaf water potential can accurately predict the decline in daily maximum transpiration rate during drought for these two pine stands, and that including further detail about plant compartments would add little predictive power, except in predicting recovery from severe drought. 相似文献
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Feng An Jing Cai Zaimin Jiang Yuanying Zhang Pingjuan Zhao Shuoxin Zhang 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2007,2(2):198-203
The relationship between xylem embolism and eco-physiology indices (i.e. photosynthetic available radiation, temperature,
relative humidity, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency) in eight tree species
was investigated in situ. The species studied, Robinia pseudoacacia L., Acer truncatum Bge., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Ulmus pumila L., Pinus tabulaeformis Carr., Pinus bungeana Zucc.ex Endl., Ligustrum lucidum Ait., and Salix matsudana Koidz. f. pendula Schneid, grow well on the Xilin campus of Northwest A&F University. Results indicated that photosynthetic available radiation,
air temperature and relative humidity can affect xylem embolism by daily adjustment of stomatal conductance, transpiration
rate and water relations of a tree. Embolism was a common case in the daily growth of the plants, and there was some correlation
between xylem embolism and photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency. Embolism
may thus be an adaptive mechanism by some tree species to water stress.
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Translated from Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2006, 21(1): 37–42 [译自: 西北林学院学报] 相似文献
18.
低温处理后 ,大叶相思和马占相思叶片中可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质和游离脯氨酸含量均发生明显变化。低温处理过程中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性先降低后增加 ,而膜脂过氧化的主要产物丙二醛 (MDA)则随温度的降低而呈现出先增加后减少 ,然后再增加的趋势。外源脱落酸 (ABA)预处理可显著提高马占相思的抗寒力。试验结果表明 ,以 10 - 4mol·L- 1外源ABA预处理 2 4h或 10 - 5mol·L- 1外源ABA预处理 36h对提高马占相思的抗寒力最有效 相似文献
19.
喀斯特区顶坛花椒适生的土壤水分环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2005年5月以盆栽顶坛花椒幼苗为对象,在不同水分梯度及充分供水条件下用CI-301 CO2气体分析仪进行林木生理指标观测,研究了顶坛花椒1年生苗净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶片水分利用效益与土壤含水量的关系,结果表明:维持顶坛花椒净光合作用的最佳土壤含水量为22%,维持顶坛花椒较高蒸腾速率的土壤含水量范围为22.5%～25.6%,气孔导度最大时对应的土壤含水量为25.6%,维持顶坛花椒叶片水分利用效益的最佳土壤含水量为28%,根据喀斯特造林的基本构思,可选取维持最佳叶片水分利用效益的土壤含水量临界值和维持最佳净光合速率的土壤含水量低限值作为喀斯特造林树种顶坛花椒的适宜土壤水分的高限值和低限值。这一指标可量化为22%～28%。 相似文献
20.
苹果-小麦复合系统SPAC水分运移模拟模型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据土壤 -植物 -大气连续体 (SPAC)水分传输理论原理 ,充分考虑农林复合系统的特殊性和复杂性 ,建立太行山低山丘陵地苹果 -小麦复合系统SPAC水分运移模拟模型 ,该模型具有二维空间属性。采用数值计算法求解模型方程 ,利用土壤水分实测数据对模型进行验证 ,结果表明 :16 8对模拟值与实测值相对误差的平均值为6 89% ,线性相关系数r可达 0 836 7,t=0 197相似文献