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1.
AIM:To observe the changes of iNOS and eNOS in lung tissue and NO in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in smoking rats.METHODS:80 Wistar rats were divided into control, smoking group, L-NIL group and L-NAME group (rats were exposed to smoke and injected (i.p.) with selective iNOS inhibitor L-NIL or NOS inhibitor L-NAME). iNOS and eNOS protein levels in whole lung were detected by immunohistochemical staining, and NOS mRNA was quantified using RT-PCR. In addition, NO2-/NO3- was determined using Griess assay.RESULTS:The expression of iNOS mRNA and protein in smoking rats increased, the expression of eNOS mRNA and eNOS protein decreased, and the total cell count and the level of NO2-/NO3-in BALF increased(P＜0.05). In vivo, L-NIL reduced the total cell count and NO2-/NO3- in BALF (P＜0.05), while L-NAME had no effect on them.CONCLUSION:Cigarette smoke increased expression of iNOS mRNA and protein and decreased expression of eNOS mRNA and protein. The large amount of NO generated by iNOS may amplify inflammation in lung tissue.  相似文献   

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3.
AIM: To observe free radicals (MDA, NO) and iNOS of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and to explore its significance. METHODS: MDA, NO2-/NO3- and iNOS were determined in SARS patients during the early, recovery and follow-up stage, front doctors and nurses (contact group) and health people (health control). RESULTS: The level of MDA during first stage was higher than that of recovery stage and the MDA level of recovery stage was higher than that of follow-up stage, contact group, and health control group (P<0.01). The content of NO2-/NO3- during early stage was higher than that of other groups, and the NO2-/NO3- contents of recovery stage, follow-up stage were higher than that of contact group and health control group (P<0.01), respectively. The mean of iNOS during early stage was highest than that of other stages (P<0.01) and the mean of recovery stage was higher than that of contact group (P<0.05), there were no difference in iNOS activity among any other groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The pathological injury in pathogenesis of SARS is related to free radicals.  相似文献   

4.
AIM: To study the relationship between the disturbance of nitric oxide/endothelin-1(NO/ET-1) and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury as well as the regulation of NO/ET-1 system by hepatic ischemic preconditioning(IPC). METHODS: The changes of NO/ET-1 system and their relationship with hepatic I/R injury were compared between I/R group and IPC+I/R group in a rat hepatic I/R model. Two hours after reperfusion, the liver tissues were detected by RT-PCR to see whether there was inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. RESULTS:In the acute phase of hepatic reperfusion, the ratio of NO/ET-1 was reduced, which was due to a significant reduction of NO2-/NO3- (the metabolic product of NO) and significant elevation of ET-1 in the blood plasma. The content of ALT, AST, LDH and TNF-α in blood plasma, and of MDA in liver tissue were increased but ATP in liver tissue was reduced, the hepatic damage was deteriorated. The protection of the hepatic IPC was concerned with the elevation of the ratio of NO/ET-1 caused by the elevation of NO2-/NO3-, and reduction of ET-1 as well. There was no iNOS mRNA detected in the liver tissues.CONCLUSION: Hepatic I/R injury is related to the disturbance of NO/ET-1. The protection of the hepatic IPC in the acute phase might be conducted by its regulation of NO/ET-1 system. The cNOS rather than the iNOS generated the NO in this situation.  相似文献   

5.
AIM: To observe the kinetic alteration of nitric oxide formation in the lungs in the development of pulmonary fibrosis in the rat. METHODS: The contents of hydroxyproline in the lungs, NO2-/NO3- (nitrite/nitrate) in out-flowing and in-flowing pulmonary blood (OPB, IPB) were assayed on the day 7, 14, 21, 30 and 70 after intratracheal administration of bleomycin A5 . The content of NO2-/NO3- in supernatants of culture of the alveolar macrophages (AMs) and the amount of iNOS positive stain cells in lung tissue section were also observed in the rat on 14th day after-bleomycin A5 administration. RESULTS: The content of lung hydroxyproline had no change on the 7th day, increased on the 14th day (P＜0.05), increased significantly on the 21th day, 30th day and 70th day post-bleomycin A5 compared with control rats. On the 7th day and 14th day, the content of NO- 2 /NO3- increased in OPB and decreased in IPB (P＜0.01). On the 21th day, the content of NO2-/NO3- abated in OPB (P＞0.05) but still decreased in IPB (P＜0.01). On the 30th day and the 70th day, the NO2-/NO3- level recovered both in OPB and IPB. AMs from rats on the 14th day post-bleomycin A5 showed significant elevation (P＜0.01) in NO2-/NO3- level. The amount of iNOS positive stain cells increased in rats on the 14th day post-bleomycin A5. CONCLUSION: The amount of NO in the lungs was high in the initial phase of fibroproliferative reaction induced by bleomycin A5 ,and these might be associated with the enhanced ability of AMs to release NO and the increased amount of iNOS.  相似文献   

6.
AIM: To explore the effect of antiserum against rat complement C5b-9 complexes on nitric oxide synthesis and pathologic changes in renal tissue of rats with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. METHEDS: The rat model of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis,namely,anti-thymocyte serum nephritis(ATSN) was established and the rats with ATSN were treated with antiserum against complement C5b-9 complexes. Some parameters related to NO and pathologic changes of the rats were observed.RESULTS: Anti-C5b-9 serum not only reduced the expression of inducible NO synthase(iNOS) mRNA in renal tissue and urinary content of nitrate/nitrite(NO3-/ NO2-) of rats with ATSN, but also reduced renal pathologic changes. L-N G-nitro arginine methylester (L-NAME) also reduced the contents of urinary NO3-/NO2- and the renal pathologic changes of rats with ATSN. CONCLUSION: The antiserum against rat complement C5b-9 complexes inhibited glomerular NO synthesis and glomerular mesangial cell proliferation of rats with ATSN.  相似文献   

7.
AIM:To observe the changes in nitric oxide(NO) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO- ) in the injuried lung following the ischemia-reperfusion of hind limbs and evaluate the contribution of NO and ONOO- to tissue injury.METHODS:A model of hind limbs ischemia was made by clamping infrarenal aorta with a microvascular clip and lung injury occurring after reperfusion.Lung t issue was obtained from the animals received sham operation(group 1),4 hours ischemia without reperfusion(group2),1 hour reperfusion following 4 hours ischemia(group3)and 4 hours reperfusion fol owing 4 hours ischemia(group4).The contents of MDA,NO2-/NO3- and the activities of SOD in the lung were examined.Immunohistochemical echnique was used to determine the immunoreactivity to iNOS and nitrotyrosine(NT)-a specific "footprint" of peroxynitrite.RESULTS:Compared with group1 and group2,the contents of MDA and NO2-/NO3- increased significantly (P<0.05) and the activities of SOD decreased markedly(P＜0.05) in group3 and group4.Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated intense staining for iNOS and NT throughout the lung in group3 and group4.CONCLUSION:NO and ONOO- are involved in oxidant-mediated lung injury following reperfusion of ischemic hind limbs.  相似文献   

8.
AIM:To investigate the effect of Se-containing spirulina phycocyanin (Se-SPC) on liver injury of mice induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). METHODS:The mouse model was conducted by intragastric feeding with 2% CCl4 oil for three times, meanwhile Se-SPC, spirulina phycocyanin (SPC) and Na2SeO3 were injected (ip) to various groups for 7 days. Then selenium (Se), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondiaoldehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in blood and liver were measured. RESULTS:The level of Se,GPx and SOD activities were obviously higher(P<0.05)but ALT activity,MDA and NO2-/NO3- levels were remarkably lower(P<0.05)in Se-SPC treated groups than those in CCl4 groups,and effects of high dose Se-SPC on Se,GPx,MDA and NO2-/NO3- were even more significant(P<0.01).Under the same dose of Se or protein,effects of all selected targets in Se-SPC groups were more efficient than those in SPC groups and inorganic-Se groups.Furthermore,Se levels had a positive correlation with GPx activity(r=01705),which had negative correlation with levels of MDA,NO2-/NO3- and ALT(r=-0.629,r=-0.336,r=-0.457,respectively), and positive correlations between ALT activity and MDA or NO2-/NO3- level were found (r=0.519,r=0.641). CONCLUSION:These results indicated that Se-SPC may attenuate liver injury of mice induced by CCl4 through its anti-inflammatory action and enhancing selenoenzyme expression.  相似文献   

9.
AIM: To investigate the changes in nNOS and iNOS expression of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons and NO2-/NO3- level of hippocampal homogenate of rats induced by stress, and to explore the effect of phenytoin on them. METHODS: Rats were subjected to forced-swimming stress, phenytoin was administered(ip) at 30 min before stress. Using the immunohistochemistry and the computerized image technique, the expression levels of nNOS and iNOS of rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons were assayed quantitatively, and the NO2-/NO3- level of hippocampal homogenate was also measured using nitric acid deoxidize enzyme method. RESULTS: The nNOS average grey degree of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons was significantly lower in stress group (155.42±3.77)than that in control group(164.54±4.62)and in stress plus phenytoin group(164.27±2.55)(P<0.01); The iNOS relative sectional area proportion of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neuron was significantly larger in stress group(5.87%±2.90%) than that in control group (0.90％±0.89%) and in strers plus phenytoin groups (0.90%±0.88%)(P<0.01); The NO2-/NO3- level of hippocampal homogenate was significantly higher in stress group(42.75 umol/L±14.49 umol/L)than that in control group(21.23 umol/L±6.99 umol/L)and in stress plus phenytoin group(18.40 umol/L±8.11 umol/L)(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the stress could induce nNOS and iNOS expression in CA3 pyramidal neurons and excessive production of NO in hippocampus of rats, which could be inhibited by phenytoin.  相似文献   

10.
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on diabetic testis and explore its possible mechanism. METHODS: Testicular structure of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was observed under light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Content of malondialdehyde (MDA), NO2-/NO3- and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were determined in testicular homogenate. RESULTS: In diabetic rats, it was manifestated as deformation of seminiferous tubule, atrophy and shedding of germinal epithelium under LM, while expansion of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, formation of fatty vacuoles and decrease of lysosome obviously in the cytoplasm of sertoli cell under TEM, the injury of testicular tissue was improved by GBE. Compared with diabetic rats, activity of SOD increased while activity of tNOS and iNOS, content of MDA and NO2-/NO3- decreased in GBE-treated rats. CONCLUSION: GBE could effectively prevent the development of diabetic testis and the effect may be partly achieved by resisting lipid peroxidation,restraining the activity of testicular tissue iNOS and reducing the pathological alterations of NO.  相似文献   

11.
AIM: To study the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lung of pulmonary fibrosis and its relationship with fibrosis. METHODS: The changes of amount of iNOS positive stain cells and type Ⅰ?Ⅲ collagen were examined on the day 7, 14 and 30 after intratracheal administration of bleomycin A5. The contents of NO2-/NO3- (nitrite/nitrate) in out-flowing pulmonary blood (OPB), hydroxyproline in lung and the histological changes were detected after iNOS was blocked by aminoguanidine (AG). RESULTS: (1) The number of iNOS-positive stain cells increased significantly in BLMA5 7 d, 14 d and 30 d groups compared with that in control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the increment of the number of iNOS-positive stain cells in BLMA5 7 d, 14 d groups was more than that in BLMA5 30 d group. There was an increment of collagen in BLMA5 14 d group and in BLMA5 30 d group , with an increase in type Ⅲ collagen in BLMA5 14 d group and an increase in type Ⅰcollagen in BLMA5 30 d group. (2) The high level of NO2-/NO3- in OPB and hydroxyproline level in lung could be reversed by AG, a selective inhibitor of iNOS. Large amount of fibroblasts and macrophages were also abated by AG. CONCLUSION: In the development of pulmonary fibrosis, the expression of iNOS is up-regulated, which induces nitric oxide (NO) production and promotes propagation of pulmonary fibrosis.  相似文献   

12.
AIM: To study the role of high level of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in the development of pulmonary fibrosis in rats. METHODS: The content of nitrite/nitrate (NO2-/NO3-) in out-flowing pulmonary blood (OPB) was assayed by nitric acid reduction method. The apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells was observed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and electron microscopy, respectively. The above indices were observed on the day 14 and the day 30 after intratracheal administration of BLMA5 alone or along with blockade of iNOS by aminoguanidine (AG) in rats. RESULTS: (1) Both the content of NO2-/NO3- in OPB and the number of apoptotic alveolar epithelial cells in lung were increased in BLMA5 14 d group, compared with normal control group and BLMA5 30 d group, respectively (P<0.05). The high level of NO2-/NO3- in OPB and the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells were ameliorated by AG. CONCLUSION: The apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cell is induced by high level of endogenous NO in the development of pulmonary fibrosis.  相似文献   

13.
AIM:To study the effect of xin-tong capsule on nitric oxide production and cGMP content of ventricular myocardium in rats with experimental myocardial ischemia. METHODS:Rat model of acute myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin was used in this study, and the lift of ST segment in ECG was used as the index of myocardial ischemia. The NO2-/NO3- and cGMP contents of ventricular myocardium in rats with myocardial ischemia were determined.RESULTS: NO2-/NO3- and cGMP contents in ventricular myocardium of myocardial ischemia were (486±59) nmol/g protein and (0.38±0.08) nmol/g protein, respectively, and markedly lower than those of control (P＜0.01). After administration of Xin-Tong capsule, contents of NO2-/NO3- and cGMP in ventricular myocardium of rats with myocardial ischemia were obviously elevated . In comparison with control, ST segment of ECG in rats with myocardial ischemia was lifted, and the lift peak of ST segment occur in 45 min after myocardial ischemia (P＜0.01). Pretreatment of Xin-Tong capsule can improve conditions of myocardial ischemia . CONCLUSION:Xin-Tong capsule can elevate the contents of nitric oxide and cGMP, and attenuate myocardial ischemia injury in rats.  相似文献   

14.
AIM: To investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic rats induced by LPS. METHODS: The cirrhotic model of rats was established by complex pathogeny. Since the end of the 8 th week, the rats were intragastrically-infused with 0.9% salt, L-arginine(L-arg) and LNNA respectively for 2 weeks.The hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic rats were induced by 3 mg/kg LPS (ip) 4 hours before the rats were sacrificed. RESULTS: The normal behaviors and electroencephalograph were appeared in L-arg group. LNNA group showed hepatic encephalopathy. The content of NO2-/NO3- of brain tissue was markedly higher in L-arg group than LNNA group(P<0.05), but the content of histamine in brain tissue was lower in L-arg group than LNNA group(P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the content of histamine in brain tissue and the content of NO2-/NO3- of brain tissue. CONCLUSION: NO can prevent hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic rats induced by LPS.  相似文献   

15.
AIM: To approach the changes of ET and NO levels of mice bearing sarcoma 180 (S180 ) during different period(5、10 and 15 days) and the relationship between ET、NO and tumor’s development METHODS: Adopting mice bearing S180 as the models, the levels of ET and NO2-/NO3- in serum were detected, and the weight of isolated tumors was measured On the basis of the regulation of these changes, their relationships were explored RESULTS: The levels of ET and NO2-/NO3- of mice bearing S180 were higher than that of the control group (not bearing tumor) ( P< 0.05) Along with the development of the tumors, the levels of NO2-/NO3-and tumors weight both increased ( P< 0 05) ET also had an increasing tendency There was a positive correlation between the level of NO2-/NO3- and tumor weight ( r =0.995, P< 0.05) Ratio value of (NO2-/NO3-)/ET decreased at first and then increased CONCLUSION: ET and NO have links with the development of S180 There may be cooperation between ET and NO during the development of tumor.  相似文献   

16.
AIM: To make hyperglycemia models and observe the effects of hyperglycemia on expressive type transformation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) in rats. METHODS: Using tissue culture and radioactivity analysis methods.RESULTS:①Hyperglycemia group was lower than control group in NO2- content, nitric oxide synthase activity and cGMP content;②Hyperglycemia group was higher than control group in endothelin, insulin, total chdesterol and [3H]-TdR penetrated rate of VSMC. CONCLUSION: It was possible that hyperglycemia reduces the expressive type of VSMC to change and promotes VSMC proliferation.  相似文献   

17.
AIM:To explore the effects of levcromakalim(Lev) on pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC) and smooth muscle cells (PASMC) exposed to hypoxia and the mechanisms involved.METHODS:The effects of Lev on [Ca2+]i, and expression of PKCα, eNOS, iNOS and PDGF-B mRNA and protein levels were observed. The nitrite (NO2-) and entothelin-1(ET-1) concentrations in supernatant in cultured PAEC and PASMC were measured. The proliferation and apoptosis of PASMC was also detected.RESULTS:When PASMC were exposed to hypoxia, Lev reduced concentration of ET-1 in cultured cell supernatant, lowed the expression of PKCα, iNOS and PDGF-B both at mRNA and protein levels, decreased [Ca2+]i concentration, increased proliferation and promoted the apoptosis in PASMC. However, in the presence of Lev, the [Ca2+]i concentration was not changed in the hypoxic PAEC. The NO2- concentration in cultured cell supernant and expression of eNOS at mRNA and protein levels in hypoxic PASMC and PAEC were also unchanged. The downregulated ET-1 activity in PASMC and PAEC and proliferation in PASMC involved in the inhibition of PKCα signaling pathway.CONCLUSIONS:Lev reduce some disadvatage effect of hypoxia on PASMC and PAEC. The mechanism of Lev action may partly involve in the downregulation of PKCα signaling functions.  相似文献   

18.
AIM: To investigate the effects of extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) on diaphragm from diabetic rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dauley rats were divided into three groups: normal control, diabetic group and EGb treatment group. The morphologic changes of diaphragm tissues were studied by light and electron microscopy, the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO2-/NO3-) in the diaphragm mitochondria were assayed by spectophotometer, respectively. RESULTS: The activities of SOD, SDH decreased in diabetic diaphragm mitochondria, but the activitiy of NOS, the contents of NO2-/NO3-, MDA increased compared with control group. The activities of SOD, SDH were increased as well as NOS were decreased and the contents of NO2-/NO3-, MDA decreased in EGb treatment group compared with the diabetic group. CONCLUSION: EGb may protects the diaphragm mitochondria of diabetic rats by enhancing the function of respiratory chain, anti-oxidation and decreasing NO level.  相似文献   

19.
AIM:To observe the change of nitric oxide (NO) generation system in the vascular adventitia, media and intima in septic shock rats.METHODS:The septic shock model was made in rats by caecal ligation and puncture. The intima, media and adventitia of the rat aorta were separated. NO production (NO2-), nitric oxide synthase(NOS) activity and L-arginine (L-Arg) transport were measured, separately. Inducible NOS (iNOS) distribution was detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Both in early and late stage of septic shock, NO2- from the intima was decreased by 66.1% and 78.9%(P<0.01), while NO2- from the media was increased by 1.1 and 2.2 folds(P＜0.01), and the adventitia 9.6 and 18.6-fold (P＜0.01), as compared with the sham group, respectively. The changes of NOS activity and the L-arginine transport in the intima, the media layer and the adventitia of the aorta in the septic shock rat paralleled with that of NO2- in these tissues. The results of iNOS immunohistochemistry showed that there were obviously positive staining in the media layer and adventitia, especially the adventitia of the rat aortas in septic shock, as compared with that in the sham control.CONCLUSIONS:During septic shock, NO production in the aortic intima was progressively suppressed. However, it was progressively increased in the aortic medial layer and adventitia, especially the adventitia with shock processes. These changes result from different changes of L-arginine transport, NOS activity and its expression in three layers of the aorta from the septic shock rat.  相似文献   

20.
AIM: To study the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on mitochondrial damage caused by exogenous calcium. METHODS: Normal myocardial mitochondria were divided into three groups; L-arginine control group (CG), Ca2＋-damaged group (DG) and L-NAME-preserved group (PG). Mitochondria of all groups were incubated at 30 ℃ with reaction medium containing 20 μmol/L EDTA, 100 μmol/L CaCl2 and 1 μmol/L L-NAME with 100 μmol/L CaCl2 respectively. Then the NO2-/NO3- contents, mitochondrial viability and membrane potential were investigated. RESULTS: The NO2-/NO3- contents of DG was obviously higher than that of CG and PG, meanwhile, there was no obvious difference between CG and PG. Mitochondrial viability and membrane potential of DG were significantly lower than that of CG and PG, and negatively related to NO-2/NO-3 contents (r=-0.5297, P＜0.01; r=-0.6041, P＜0.01). But, the mitochondrial viability and membrane potential of PG were still lower than that of CG. CONCLUSION: Exogenous calcium could activate mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase resulting in NO production and the latter play an important role in decreasing mitochondrial viability and membrane potential.  相似文献   

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