共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
植物细胞质雄性不育基因的鉴定及育性调控机理 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS）是作物杂交种生产的主要授粉控制系统,研究细胞质雄性不育分子基础及调控机理对利用杂种优势提高作物产量具有重要的指导意义。本文从植物的线粒体基因与细胞质雄性不育的关系着手,列举了植物CMS基因的鉴定情况,重点介绍了研究较多的矮牵牛、玉米、水稻和油菜细胞质雄性不育基因的鉴定进展及其对不育性状的调控。同时根据恢复基因与不育基因的相互作用情况阐述了育性恢复的可能机理,并对植物CMS分子机理的研究前景进行了展望。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
莫利CMS是一种重要的细胞质雄性不育系统,在油菜杂种优势利用上具有重要应用价值,目前在印度的芥菜型油菜中得到广泛应用。为了将莫利CMS引入甘蓝型油菜,本研究通过甘蓝型油菜与芥菜型油菜莫利CMS材料进行杂交、多代回交自交获得莫利CMS的甘蓝型油菜材料。根据莫利不育胞质相关分子标记orf 108-O检测、花粉活力鉴定及自交结实情况进行选择,最终选出连续2代花粉活力低于3%且自交不结实的CGZ 909作为候选不育系材料;连续2代花粉活力大于90%且自交结实正常的CGZ 924、CGZ 925作为候选恢复系材料。候选恢复系材料给候选不育系材料授粉所得F1代自交结实正常,实现了莫利CMS在甘蓝型油菜中的三系配套。本研究为下一步基于莫利CMS的甘蓝型油菜杂种优势利用奠定了基础。 相似文献
6.
甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系Polima A和陕2A的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Polima A和陕2A是两个经典实用的甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育(cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS)系,这两个著名的不育系在中国乃至世界油菜杂种优势的研究和利用中发挥了重要作用.有关这两个不育系的研究,过去主要集中在形态解剖学、细胞学、生理生化、遗传学以及杂种优势的利用等方面,近年来,主要集中在分子生物学方面.本文从以上方面对PolimaA和陕2A的国内外研究状况进行了综述,介绍了近年来这两个不育系的最新研究进展,以及两个不育系在生产实践中的应用、存在的问题和解决的途径.随着分子生物学技术的不断发展,对这两个不育系的研究将会更加广泛和深入.有关Polima A和陕2A的深入研究,对进一步探索油菜CMS的分子机理,更好地利用这两个不育系为我国油菜科研和生产服务有重要意义. 相似文献
7.
8.
油菜的籽粒产量和其它农艺性状存在显著的杂种优势。胞质雄性不育（CMS）和核雄性不育（NMS）在油菜中都得到了广泛的应用。然而有些CMS系统的保持系和恢复系存在不稳定性。NMS系统在制种时需要人工去除母本50％的可育株。此外，建立CMS和NMS系统还非常费时。利用化学杂交剂（CHA）为我们提供了一种快速、灵活和有效的利用杂种优势的体系。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
大豆质核互作雄性不育研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用雄性不育进行杂种优势育种是提高大豆产量的有效措施之一。目前发现的大豆雄性不育类型主要包括细胞核雄性不育、光温敏雄性不育和质核互作（细胞质）雄性不育。而对大豆杂种优势利用具有实际应用价值的是质核互作雄性不育。简要回顾了大豆质核互作雄性不育的发现过程,总结了通过三系配套技术实现的大豆杂交育种的现状与关键生产技术等,并从细胞学、分子生物学和蛋白质组学等方面综述了大豆质核互作雄性不育形成机理方面的研究进展。最后提出不同研究单位之间应该加强协作,通过合理的研究材料交流来加快大豆质核互作雄性不育机理的研究,以使其能够被更好地应用于大豆杂种优势育种中。 相似文献
12.
Cytoplasmic male‐sterile (CMS) pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a useful germplasm for heterosis breeding, however, the process of male gamete development and the sterility mechanism is unclear. In the present study, the developmental sequence in CMS pepper and the causative factors responsible for pollen abortion were investigated through combined meiotic analysis, paraffin section observations, and transmission electron microscopy. Results from meiotic analysis showed that meiosis in a male‐sterile inbred line, CMS 21A, was normal, and uni‐nucleate pollen could be released from the tetrads of both CMS 21A and the fertile maintainer line 21B. However, only the uni‐nucleate pollen from CMS 21B could develop into functional gametes, while the uni‐nucleate pollen from the 21A went through a process of rupture, and the cellular components were released into the anther sac. Observations of paraffin sections viewed with the light microscope showed that the tapetum of CMS 21A at the uni‐nucleate stage swelled abnormally and was pressed against pollen grains of the locule. Further observations with transmission electron microscopy revealed that the mitochondria in CMS 21A tapetum were highly vacuolated, and there was no accumulation of sporopollenin on the surface of CMS 21A pollen, suggesting a close relationship between early degeneration of tapetum and CMS. 相似文献
13.
14.
Alteration in important quality traits and antioxidant activities in Brassica oleracea with Ogura cybrid cytoplasm 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Shyam S. Dey Reeta Bhatia Chander Parkash Saharsh Sharma Manish Dabral Vibha Mishra Ila Bhardwaj Komal Sharma Vinod Kumar Sharma Raj Kumar 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(3):400-409
In vegetable brassicas, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system is the most preferred mechanism for hybrid seed production and Ogura cybrid cytoplasm is the only source used widely. Effects of the alien cybrid cytoplasm on important quality traits need to be understood for their effective use in breeding programme. In analysing 38 Ogura cybrid cytoplasm‐based cauliflower CMS lines, it was revealed that introgression of Ogura cytoplasm resulted in significant alteration in important quality traits. Cupric reducing antioxidant activity and ferric reducing ability of plasma values were increased up to 5–10 times in different genotypes. Among 38 analysed CMS lines, concentration of plant pigments such as anthocyanin, total chlorophylls and ascorbic acid was reduced in 21, 17 and 32 genotypes, respectively. However, the concentration of total carotenoids and β‐carotene was elevated in most of the CMS lines and total carotenoid was increased up to 20 times in the CMS line, Ogu13‐85‐2A. The results indicate the role of nuclear–cytoplasmic interaction and mitochondrial genome in determining concentration of different quality traits. 相似文献
15.
烟草CMS相关基因orf25的生物信息学分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
线粒体基因orf25异常可能导致烟草细胞质雄性不育（CMS）。为探讨orf25基因导致CMS的可能机理,本文采用生物信息学方法,分析烟草雄性不育系‘MS革新3号’及其保持系中的orf25基因在其编码蛋白各结构层次上存在的差异。结果显示,不育系中orf25基因因碱基改变提前出现终止子从而导致其编码蛋白缺失结构域,这极可能成为干扰线粒体F(0)F(1)-ATP合成酶功能的关键因素,从而成为导致烟草‘革新3号’CMS的根本原因之一。 相似文献
16.
油菜Nsa CMS候选恢复基因的来源及表达 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据同源序列法克隆的Nsa CMS候选恢复基因PPR618的序列,采用PCR方法在Nsa CMS不育系、恢复系、原始体细胞杂交亲本以及其他甘蓝型油菜品种中共克隆出22个同源序列。序列分析表明,野芥亲本野油18、甘蓝型油菜亲本中双4号各含有2个同源序列,而Nsa CMS 4个恢复系则分别含有3、1、1、1个同源序列。恢复系中候选恢复基因的序列与野芥亲本野油18的同源序列的一致性在93%以上,其中恢1、恢3和恢4中至少有一个同源序列与野油18的第一个同源序列完全相同,恢2中的同源序列与野油18的第2个同源序列完全相同;但与甘蓝型油菜的同源序列一致性均低于80%,说明候选恢复基因来源于新疆野芥,而不是甘蓝型油菜。除了原来的PPR618外,获得了3个来源于恢复系的新候选恢复基因。候选恢复基因在序列上与萝卜和矮牵牛的恢复基因一致性较高。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,候选恢复基因在恢复系中多个组织都有表达,但在根、茎中表达量特别少。随着营养器官到生殖器官的发育逐渐升高,候选恢复基因在恢复系中表达量最高的是雄性败育关键时期, 即1.5~2.5 mm的花蕾中,但不育系中的同源基因在茎中的表达量则相对高于其他组织。 相似文献
17.
在露天池栽条件下, 比较研究了玉米细胞质雄性不育系(CMS)与其同型可育系的产量构成及其光合特性对氮素亏缺的响应。结果表明, 在相同氮素供应水平下, CMS的产量显著高于其同型可育系, 平均增产达11.5%, 缺氮条件下千粒重、收获指数显著提高, 而穗粒数差异不显著。花后CMS玉米叶片具有较高的含氮量、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量, 且在生育后期降低缓慢, 延长了有效光合持续期, 延缓了植株衰老进程。不育植株生育后期的净光合速率(Pn)、细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔导度(Gs)均显著高于其可育系, 且气体交换参数对缺氮反应不敏感。不育系的叶绿体荧光参数实际光化学效率(FPSⅡ)、电子传递速率(ETR)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fo)在生育后期也保持较高水平。说明不育植株生育后期在光合能力、电子传递和光能转化方面均具有明显优势, 其产量提高可能是籽粒充实期叶片生理质量和光合效率共同提高的结果。 相似文献
18.
Brassicaceae crops display strong hybrid vigor, and have long been subject to F1 hybrid breeding. Because the most reliable system of F1 seed production is based on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), various types of CMS have been developed and adopted in practice to breed Brassicaceae oil seed and vegetable crops. CMS is a maternally inherited trait encoded in the mitochondrial genome, and the male sterile phenotype arises as a result of interaction of a mitochondrial CMS gene and a nuclear fertility restoring (Rf) gene. Therefore, CMS has been intensively investigated for gaining basic insights into molecular aspects of nuclear-mitochondrial genome interactions and for practical applications in plant breeding. Several CMS genes have been identified by molecular genetic studies, including Ogura CMS from Japanese radish, which is the most extensively studied and most widely used. In this review, we discuss Ogura CMS, and other CMS systems, and the causal mitochondrial genes for CMS. Studies on nuclear Rf genes and the cytoplasmic effects of alien cytoplasm on general crop performance are also reviewed. Finally, some of the unresolved questions about CMS are highlighted. 相似文献
19.
大白菜CMS96细胞质雄性不育系的特点分析 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6
为了筛选和利用大白菜细胞质雄性不育系,对大白菜的3种细胞质雄性不育系：CMS96细胞质雄性不育系、波里马细胞质雄性不育系(Pol-CMS)和萝卜细胞质雄性不育系(Ogu-CMS)及其相应的保持系进行了主要植物学性状的比较研究。结果表明：Ogu-CMS存在多代转育后植株长势退化、杂交优势差,Pol-CMS存在育性受环境条件影响等缺点,而CMS96细胞质雄性不育系则克服了二者的缺点。另外,CMS96细胞质雄性不育系早期的晚抽薹性比保持系强、杂交种子的产量比保持系杂交种子产量高。CMS96细胞质雄性不育系不仅不育性稳定,多代回交不退化,而且杂交优势强,繁种产量高,表现出了广阔的育种应用前景。 相似文献
20.
For commercial development of hybrids the four pre-requisites are; availability of perfect male-sterility system, efficient
mass pollen transfer mechanism, hybrid vigor, and the large scale seed production of hybrids for commercialization. The type
of male-sterility governs the acceptance of hybrids by farmers. Genetic male-sterility (GMS) system was not accepted by farmers
due to the economics of large scale seed production. The major drawback was rouging of fertile counterpart from the female
plot, which was time consuming and labor intensive. Cytoplasmic-genic male-sterility (CMS) system usually was a better option
for large scale seed production. Hybrid vigor has been utilized in some cereal and vegetable crops. Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) displays considerable natural out-crossing and now CMS lines are available with different cytoplasmic backgrounds. This
mini-review reports the research on development of CMS lines and CMS-based hybrids in pigeonpea. 相似文献