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1.
《农业信息探索》2014,(10):42-42
审定编号：国审豆2013008品种名称：中黄46选育单位：中国农业科学院作物科学研究所品种来源：ti15176／Century－2．3特征特性：普通型夏大豆品种,黄淮海夏播生育期平均104天,比对照品种冀豆12早1天。株型收敛,亚有限结荚习性。株高85．0cm,主茎16．5节,有效分枝1．8个,底荚高度15．9cm,单株有效荚数35．9个,单株粒数76．5粒,单株粒重18．0g,百粒重24．2g。披针叶,白花,灰毛。籽粒椭圆形,种皮黄色、有光,种脐褐色。接种鉴定,中感花叶病毒病3号和7号株系,中感胞囊线虫病1号生理小种。粗蛋白含量41．83％,粗脂肪含量21.48％。 相似文献
2.
侵蚀型红壤植被恢复后土壤养分含量与物理性质的变化 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17
为了解侵蚀型红壤植被恢复后土壤养分含量与物理性质的变化状况,采集了植被恢复17年和9年的两个定位试验点土壤样品。分析结果表明：侵蚀型红壤植被恢复后土壤养分含量明显增加。恢复17年的木荷、杉木林0～0．2m土层土壤全氮和有机质含量分别比对照增加了3．92倍、2．96倍、5．80倍和3．52倍,土壤有效养分中土壤有效磷含量增加幅度最大。植被恢复后土壤物理性质得到极大改善．表现在土壤容量明显降低,土壤总孔度、通气孔度增加和大于1mm大团聚体与大于0．25mm水稳性团聚体总量的增加。总的来看,恢复17年的木荷和恢复9年的黑麦草两处理．土壤物理性质改善最为明显．此两处理0～0．2m表层土壤容量比对照区降低了27．9％和20．41％,大于0．25mm水稳性团聚体总量分别比对照区增加了31．09％和29．96％,土壤总孔度和通气孔度分别是对照区的1．34倍、1．25倍、2．59倍和2．14倍。 相似文献
3.
小麦/玉米/大豆间套作体系中小麦施磷后效对大豆产量、营养状况的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为评估磷肥的施用后效,在田间试验条件下研究了四川小麦/玉米/大豆周年间套作体系中小麦施磷对后作大豆产量及营养状况的影响。结果表明,在小麦5个磷（P2O5）处理（0、 45、 90、 135、 180 kg/hm2）后,大豆播前土壤有效磷分别为19、 22、 51、 57、 62 mg/kg（记为SP0、 SP1、 SP2、 SP3、 SP4）,大豆籽粒产量随土壤有效磷含量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,SP1的籽粒产量最高（1797 kg/hm2）,较SP0增加116%,而SP2SP4的大豆产量只比SP0增加了4.3%~4.7%,SP1~SP4间无显著差异;大豆茎产量随土壤有效磷含量的增加而增加,SP1、 SP2、 SP3、 SP4比SP0分别增加10.4%、 22.4%、 28.5%、 31.5%。随着土壤有效磷的增加,大豆总荚数和饱荚数有随之增大的趋势,总荚数在SP4处理最大,比SP0增加11.1%,饱荚数在SP1最大,比SP0增加13.9%,而瘪荚数是先显著减少后又逐渐增大（SP1最小为8.8荚/株,SP4最大为13.4荚/株）,饱瘪比是先显著增大后又逐渐减少（SP1最大为8.50,SP0最小为5.06）。大豆籽粒、 茎的氮、 磷含量随土壤有效磷含量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,都在SP2时达最大（籽粒氮、 磷含量7.718%、 0.764%; 茎氮、 磷含量0.659%、 0.065%）,而钾含量随土壤有效磷的增加而增加。大豆茎生物量,磷、 钾养分含量和氮、 磷、 钾养分积累量与土壤有效磷含量呈极显著正相关。SP2、 SP3、 SP4 3个处理大豆吸磷量分别是SP0的1.7、 1.6、 1.7倍,而其生物量仅为SP0的1.2、 1.3、 1.3倍。综上,适宜的土壤磷有利于大豆的生长,土壤磷过高反而可能造成大豆植株的徒长而影响结荚和鼓粒,在小麦/玉米/大豆体系中后作大豆可不施或少施磷,充分利用前作小麦施用的磷肥以提高磷肥的利用率。 相似文献
4.
《农业信息探索》2014,(10):42-43
审定编号：国审豆2013006品种名称：吉育407选育单位：吉林省农业科学院大豆研究所品种来源：九交8866－12,铁90035－17特征特性：高油型中熟春大豆品种,北方春播生育期平均126天,比对照九农21晚1天。株型收敛,亚有限结荚习性。株高85．9cm,主茎17．0节,有效分枝0．4个,底荚高度14．9cm,单株有效荚数46个,单株粒数108．7粒,单株粒重17．7g,百粒重16．6g。尖叶,白花,灰毛。籽粒圆形,种皮黄色,种脐褐色。人工接种鉴定,中抗花叶病毒病1号株系,感花叶病毒病3号株系,中抗胞囊线虫病3号生理小种。粗蛋白含量38．17％,粗脂肪含量22．59％。 相似文献
5.
掺混型缓释肥对小麦产量及品质的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用田间小区试验，以不施肥（CK1）和施用等NPK养分化肥（CK2）为对照，研究了掺混型缓释肥对冬小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明，与CK2相比，施用掺混型缓释肥能显著提高冬小麦产量，增产幅度为23．77％；能促进穗粒数、穗粒重及千粒重的增加，增加幅度分别为8．70％、19．02％、3．93％；可以改善小麦籽粒的品质，小麦籽粒的粗蛋白含量、氨基酸含量、容重、湿面筋含量、沉降值、总糖含量均呈增加的趋势，增加幅度分别为3．49％，21．33％，1．58％，4．58％，10．73％，43．75％。 相似文献
6.
施用锌肥和硼肥对玉米穗粒性状和品质的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了探究微量元素锌和硼对玉米果穗的影响,以豫单606为材料,采用盆栽试验,设置不施用锌肥和硼肥(对照,CK)、施用锌肥、施用硼肥、同时施用锌肥和硼肥4种处理,调查了玉米穗粒性状和品质的变化。结果表明,施用锌肥和硼肥,秃尖减少,行粒数增加,产量显著提高;施用锌肥籽粒长度增加,粒厚、百粒体积和百粒重降低,由于穗粒数提高,单穗产量增加;施用硼肥籽粒长度、百粒重、百粒体积和单穗产量均增加。与CK相比,单施锌肥、硼肥及锌肥和硼肥配施均能提高籽粒蛋白质含量;施用锌肥籽粒脂肪含量显著提高,施用硼肥籽粒脂肪含量降低;各施肥处理淀粉含量均无显著差异。与CK相比,施用锌肥或硼肥以及锌肥和硼肥配施显著提高了籽粒锌和硼的含量。本研究结果为锌肥和硼肥在玉米生产中的应用提供了参考。 相似文献
7.
为探究稻田土壤铜含量对水稻产量及籽粒灌浆特性的影响,于2019和2021年通过盆栽试验分析24.32(对照,CK)、100(Cu100)和200 mg·kg-1(Cu200)稻田土壤铜含量下水稻的产量差异,并通过Richards方程对籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合,比较籽粒灌浆参数之间的差异,探讨铜含量对不同粒位籽粒灌浆特性的影响。结果表明,2019和2021年Cu200处理水稻产量较CK分别减少31.18%和39.50%(P<0.05);而Cu100处理水稻产量较CK分别表现为减少12.94%(P<0.05)和增加10.07%(P>0.05)。土壤不同铜含量处理下水稻籽粒灌浆特性表明,与对照相比,Cu100处理强势粒延长了活跃灌浆期(D)和到达最大灌浆速率的时间(Tmax),最终生长量A值提高,而弱势粒D值及Tmax明显缩短,A值明显降低;Cu200处理强、弱势粒D值及Tmax明显减小,A值显著降低。总体而言,各处理对弱势粒灌浆影响大于强势粒。进一步分析不同土壤铜含量下水稻产量变化规律发现... 相似文献
8.
施钴对冬小麦产量和蛋白质含量及土壤有效钴含量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了石灰性褐土上不同钴施用量对冬小麦产量、蛋白质含量及土壤有效钴含量的影响。试验结果表明:施用适量的钴可以显著提高冬小麦的产量和蛋白质的含量。各施钴处理较对照增产0.98-13.73%, 生物产量增加2.01-18.47%,其中以处理Co3增产最高。在施钴量4mg kg-1以内,随着施钴量的增加,增产效应提高,但当施钴量超过4mg kg-1时,冬小麦的籽粒产量和生物产量增加,但增产效应下降。处理Co1、处理Co2的蛋白质含量分别比对照增加2.14和1.1个百分点,但处理Co3、处理Co4的蛋白质含量分别比对照减少0.07和0.21个百分点。各处理的蛋白质产量比对照增加0.06%-20.02%,其中以处理Co1增加最大,处理Co2次之。土壤有效钴含量与施钴量呈极显著正相关,小麦籽粒中钴含量与施钴量呈显著正相关。 相似文献
9.
采用不同频率不同时间超声波处理文心兰类原球茎（OLBs）和无菌苗，以探讨适宜的类原球茎增殖、分化及生根条件，结果表明：25kHz超声波处理组PLBs平均增殖率比40kHz超声波处理组高23．4％，其中25kHz超声波处理3min促进PLBs增殖效果较佳，PLBs平均增殖率比对照高49．5％；25kHz超声波处理组PLBs平均分化芽数比40kHz超声波处理组高28．3％，其中25kHz超声波处理6min促进分化效果较佳，平均分化芽数比对照高98．8％，25kHz超声波处理组无菌苗平均根长与平均根数比40kHz处理组高10．1％和13．6％，其中25kHz超声波处理3min促进生根效果较佳，无菌苗平均根长与平均根数比对照组高75．0％和37．5％。 相似文献
10.
通过开花前叶面喷施钼肥,初步探讨钼肥对紫云英花荚结实的调控效应,以期为紫云英种子生产合理利用钼肥及种子产量提高的调控技术提供参考依据。试验以"信紫1号"为供试材料,在开花前叶面喷施清水(对照CK)、钼肥(100、200、400、600、800 mg/kg),在成熟期,按常规考种法记载单位面积株数、分枝数、不同层花序的花序数、结荚数、籽粒数和粒重等指标。结果表明,喷施不同浓度钼肥处理对紫云英单位面积花序数、有效株数、一级分枝数、单株一级分枝数、一级分枝花序数和每有效花序结荚数均影响不大。喷施浓度400 mg/kg的钼肥处理对其荚果结实率、单荚籽粒数和粒重可产生影响,尤其对第1～4层花序产生影响较为显著,其中,在荚果结实率上,第1～4层花序的该浓度处理与对照相比,分别较对照提高2.89%、3.36%、2.72%和2.74%;在单荚籽粒数上,分别较对照提高12.69%、14.79%、18.75%和20.36%;在粒重上,分别较对照提高16.72%、20.21%、19.06%和18.77%,然而对第5、6层花序产生影响不大。种子产量及其产量构成相关分析发现,紫云英种子产量与荚果结实率、单荚籽粒数和粒重呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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12.
Tomáš Lošák 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):231-234
Abstract In a plant pot experiment with non-inoculated seed stock of narrow-leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius, L.) of the variety ‘Prima’ we explored the effects of nitrogen compounds applied in the form of NH4NO3 on different dates (before sowing, after emergence and during flowering) and at various levels (0–0.5–2–3 g N per pot) on changes in the number of pods per plant, the 1000-seed weight, seed yields and the content of crude protein in seeds. The experiment included four treatments; the first was a control treatment not fertilized with nitrogen. In the other treatments we applied nitrogen either as a single application before sowing or in three split applications. In all the nitrogen-fertilized variants the number of pods per plant, total seed yields per plant and the concentration of crude protein all increased compared to the unfertilized control variant. The highest levels of nitrogen (3 g N per pot) reduced the 1000-seed weight compared to the unfertilized control variant. The total application of 2 g N per pot split into application before sowing (0.5 g N), after emergence (0.5 g N) and during flowering (1 g N) resulted in a highly significant increase in the number of pods per plant (+78%), the 1000-seed weight (+20.1%) and therefore higher seed yields per plant (+139.8%) compared to the control treatment not fertilized with nitrogen. Increasing levels of nitrogen linearly increased the content of crude protein in seeds during harvest from 24.2% to 40.6%, thus increasing the nutritional quality of the seeds. 相似文献
13.
为明确高蛋白大豆新品种(系)在黄淮海区的适宜播期,本研究以黄淮海地区高蛋白大豆新品种(系)圣豆18、圣豆24、菏豆37、菏豆38为试验材料,设置不同播期试验,研究不同播期对各大豆品种(系)生育期、农艺性状、干物质积累、籽粒品质及产量的影响。结果表明,播期推迟,出苗至始花期缩短幅度较大,大豆全生育期缩短;大豆株高、底荚高、主茎节数随播期推迟均逐渐降低;各大豆品种植株有效分枝、有效荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重、百粒重、根干重、茎干重、豆荚干重、植株总干重、籽粒蛋白质和脂肪含量以及产量均随着播期推迟呈先升后降的趋势,且随着播期推迟,豆荚干重变化幅度较大,根、茎干重所占比例均逐渐缩小,豆荚干重所占比例均逐渐增大;播期对籽粒蛋白质和脂肪含量、产量的影响均占主导地位;圣豆18、圣豆24、菏豆37、菏豆38均在6月15日播种时产量最高,分别为3 940.95、3 750.24、 3 252.37、3 905.54 kg·hm-2,且单株粒重与产量相关性最大。综上可知,只有适期播种,大豆营养生长和生殖生长才能实现合理过渡,促使植株生长、干物质积累及分配等达到最佳状态,从而保证大豆优质高产,进而推动大豆及高蛋白大豆产业发展。 相似文献
14.
Mohammad Saeed Vaghar Saeed Sayfzadeh Hamid Reza Zakerin Soheil Kobraee Sayed Alireza Valadabadi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(18):2740-2756
Abstract To investigate the effect of foliar application of nano-chelates of iron, zinc, and manganese subjected to different irrigation conditions on physiological traits, and yield of soybean (cultivar M9), a split plot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications in two crop years (2016–2017). The main plot included four levels of irrigation (I): full irrigation (I 1), irrigation withhold at flowering stage (I 2), irrigation withhold at podding stage (I 3), and irrigation withhold during the grain filling period (I 4). Also, the subplot included eight levels of foliar application with Fe, Zn, Mn, Fe?+?Zn, Fe?+?Mn, Zn?+?Mn, Fe?+?Zn?+?Mn nano-chelates, and distilled water (control). The results of combined analysis of variance suggested that the effect of irrigation and foliar application of nano-chelate was significant on all traits. Water deficit stress significantly reduced the grain yield. The minimum numbers of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, 100-seed weight per plant, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll concentration, total dry weight of plant, and the grain yield were obtained by irrigation withhold at podding stage. Foliar application of combined nano-chelates increased the soybean resistance against water shortage more considerably than the separate consumption of these elements. Under drought stress in podding stage, the application of Fe?+?Zn led to the highest yield with a mean of 2613.84?kg ha?1 where this increase was 61.1% higher than control. 相似文献
15.
为提高蚕豆优势组合的选配效率,以6个蚕豆材料(P1~P6)为亲本,采用Griffing完全双列杂交配制30个组合,分析亲本和F1的9个主要农艺性状的杂种优势、配合力和遗传力。结果表明,蚕豆产量相关农艺性状的杂种优势明显,分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数、百粒重和单株产量的超亲优势为正值,株高、始荚高和主茎节数的超亲优势为负值。配合力效应分析表明,P1和P2为选育大粒高产的优良亲本,P1×P2和P4×P6符合高产的育种目标,P2×P5和P2×P6符合大粒的育种目标;遗传力分析表明,百粒重、每荚粒数和单株粒数的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力均较高,可以相对稳定地遗传给后代,且这3个性状主要受加性效应控制,适宜进行早代选择,其他性状主要受非加性效应影响;主要性状与单株产量的相关分析表明,蚕豆育种应将单株荚数和单株粒数作为重点目标;通径分析表明,在育种过程中应重点关注分枝数、株高、百粒重、每荚粒数等农艺性状。本研究为蚕豆育种进程中的亲本选配和后代选择提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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Hari D. Upadhyaya K. N. Reddy C. L. L. Gowda S. N. Silim 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(8):1787-1795
Pigeonpea germplasm accessions collected from low (<500 m), medium (501–1000 m), high (1001–1500 m) and very high elevation
zones (>1500 m) of Kenya were evaluated for 15 agronomic traits and seed protein content at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. There
were significant differences (P < 0.001) among elevation zones for the number of primary and secondary branches, days to 75% maturity, pod length, seeds per
pod, 100-seed weight and seed yield. Mean values indicated that the accessions from low elevation zone were significantly
different from those collected in higher elevation zones for early flowering and maturity, number of primary branches, pod
length, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, seed yield and harvest index. None of the accessions collected
in Kenya belonged to extra early (<80 days to 50% flowering) and early (80–100 days to 50% flowering) maturity groups, as
defined by time to flowering at Patancheru, India. Mean diversity index based on all characters indicated that accessions
from the low elevation zone are more diverse than those from the higher elevation zones. Frequency distribution for trait
extremes indicated that the accessions from the low elevation zone were early to flower and mature, short statured, produced
more primary and secondary branches with high pod bearing length, long pods, more pods per plant, more seeds per pod, a high
seed yield and harvest index. Accessions from the very high elevation zone were late flowering, with a large number of tertiary
branches, large seeds and a high shelling percentage and could be a source for cold tolerance and the breeding of vegetable
types. Results suggest that the elevation of collection sites is therefore a very important determinant of variation patterns
of pigeonpea in Kenya. 相似文献
17.
中国农业种植区是全球对气候变化较敏感的地区之一,不同类型土壤的温度敏感性对农田生产力与全球气候变化的反馈关系产生重要影响。为了揭示不同类型土壤大豆产量对未来大气温度增加的响应规律,本研究以常温为对照,采用红外辐射加热装置模拟大气增温2℃,研究增温对黑土、棕壤、盐碱土、风沙土、灰钙土、黄土、黄棕壤、紫色土、砂礓黑土、潮土、红壤和砖红壤上大豆产量的影响。结果表明：增温2℃促使红壤上大豆的一粒荚数、二粒荚数、三粒荚数和总荚数显著增加,分别比对照处理增加152.3%、144.7%、206.9%和147.5%,但增温2℃使砂礓黑土上大豆瘪荚数增加42.8%。除了砖红壤上大豆的二粒荚数增加76.4%和紫色土上大豆总荚数增加50.5%,其它类型土壤上大豆荚数虽有变化,但均未达到5%的差异显著水平。此外,增温2℃显著提高了红壤、砂礓黑土、紫色土和盐碱土上大豆的单株粒数,相应地,产量分别增加241.4%、59.2%、47.6%和75.2%。由此可见,中国主要农田土壤类型中红壤、砂礓黑土、紫色土和盐碱土4种土壤上大豆产量及其产量构成因素对增温2℃响应敏感,且表现出正效应,其它8种类型土壤上大豆产量对增温2℃响应不敏感。表明大豆产量形成对大气增温的响应间接受到土壤类型的调控。 相似文献
18.
The effects of carbonized chicken manure (CCM) on the growth, nodulation, yield, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents of four grain legumes (soybean, cowpea, common bean and adzuki bean) were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. Carbonized chicken manure produced from chicken manure dried in a furnace at 450°C was used in this experiment. The manure was incorporated into the sandy loam soil of each grain legume at two rates (0 kg N ha?1 and 100 kg N ha?1) three weeks before sowing. Growth, nodulation and total biomass N and P were evaluated at peak flowering stage of growth. The CCM showed positive effects on nodule number and weight of soybean and cowpea while it depressed nodule number in adzuki bean. Biomass total N content of soybean and cowpea increased with CCM supply while it decreased in adzuki bean. Biomass and seed total P content of soybean, cowpea and adzuki bean all increased in response to CCM application. Soybean and cowpea seed yields increased by 27% and 43% respectively in response to CCM supply. There was a strong positive correlation between seed P content and seed yield of soybean which indicates the importance of elemental P to soybean seed yield. No such phenomenon was observed in adzuki bean. A strong positive correlation was also observed between seed total N content and seed yield of the grain legumes. The results indicate that although common bean had the highest biomass total P content at peak flowering stage both vegetative and reproductive growth were poor due to the unsuitably high day/night temperatures in the greenhouse. Application of CCM slightly depressed yield of adzuki bean due to the reduction in the number of pods per pot and the 100 seed weight. This study shows that CCM is a good source of N and P for the growth, nodulation and yield of some grain legumes particularly soybean and cowpea. 相似文献
19.
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) plants normally abort a high percentage of flowers and pods. This study was conducted to determine the effect of P nutrition on flower and pod abscission in soybean. Williams 82 soybeans were established in hydroponic culture in the greenhouse at four levels of P (0.45 mM, 0.20 mM, 0.10 mM or 0.05 mM), and main stem flowers and pods were counted every two days from flowering to maturity. The two highest P treatments had similar flower production, pod production, pod abortion, seed weight and seeds per pod, but the 0.20 mM P treatment had 20% lower dry matter production and 19% lower seed yield. At P supplies of 0.10 or 0.05 mM, flower production, pod production, flowers per node, pods per node, seed yield, seed number and weight per seed were less (P < 0.05) than at 0.20 mM. Flowers produced per main stem node and seeds per pod were largely unaffected by limited P. Plants supplied 0.10 or 0.05 mM P aborted more flowers and pods than did those supplied 0.45 or 0.20 mM P. At P supply of 0.05 mM, flower, pod and total abortion was 80%, 49% and 90%, respectively. Flower and pod production were 50% and 78% less, while plant dry weight, seed yield and weight per seed were 83%, 90% and 23% less, respectively for the 0.05 mM P treatment compared to control. The data indicate that the primary effect of limited P on reproductive growth of soybean is to increase flower and pod abortion. 相似文献