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1.
三种植物物料对两种茶园土壤酸度的改良效果 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
用室内培养实验研究了稻草、花生秸秆和紫云英在 5、10 和 20 g/kg 的加入量水平下对茶园黄棕壤和茶园红壤酸度的改良效果.结果表明:除了黄棕壤加入紫云英处理会降低土壤的 pH 外,其余所有加入植物物料的处理均使土壤 pH 有不同程度的增加,使土壤交换性酸和交换性Al的数量减小,使土壤交换性盐基阳离子和盐基饱和度增加.有机物料对土壤酸度的改良效果与有机物料灰化碱和N含量有关,灰化碱和有机N的矿化使土壤 pH 升高,NH4+-N的硝化使土壤 pH 降低.3种植物物料中花生秸秆对土壤酸度的改良效果优于紫云英和稻草.加入植物物料使红壤中有毒形态Al的浓度显著减小,说明植物物料能够缓解红壤中Al对植物的毒害. 相似文献
2.
钢渣与生物质炭配合施用对红壤酸度的改良效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用厌氧热解方法制备污泥生物质炭和花生秸秆炭,研究了钢渣和生物质炭单独施用及配合施用对红壤酸度的改良效果,结果表明,钢渣、花生秸秆炭和污泥生物质炭均含有一定量的碱性物质,向红壤中添加钢渣和生物质炭可以中和土壤酸度,提高土壤pH,增加土壤交换性盐基阳离子含量,降低土壤交换性铝含量.90天培养实验结束时,这3种改良剂分别使土壤pH相对对照提高1.10、0.72和0.48.钢渣与花生秸秆炭配合施用对土壤酸度的改良效果最好,使土壤pH相对对照提高2.14,单施污泥生物质炭的改良效果最小.钢渣和生物质炭含一定量的养分元素,添加钢渣和生物质炭可以同时改善土壤肥力.钢渣含丰富的钙,添加钢渣使土壤交换性钙含量增幅最大,相对对照增加4.5倍;添加花生秸秆炭使土壤交换钾增加最显著,相对对照约增加7倍;污泥生物质炭含丰富的磷,添加污泥生物质炭使土壤有效磷增加最显著,相对对照增加5.4倍.添加钢渣和2种生物质炭均显著提高了土壤交换性镁含量,将钢渣与生物质炭配合施用,土壤交换性镁含量的增幅更大.由于钢渣和2种生物质炭的碱含量和养分含量各有特点,因此可以根据土壤酸度状况和养分含量选择将钢渣与不同生物质炭配合施用,以达到既能最大限度中和土壤酸度又能补充土壤所必需养分的目的. 相似文献
3.
武陵山地植烟土壤酸度特征及影响因素——以湖南省湘西自治州为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解多年种植烤烟的山地土壤酸度特征,研究了湘西自治州的土壤酸度指标特征及其关系以及植烟年限和土壤类型、有机质、黏粒对土壤酸度的影响。结果表明:(1)植烟年限对土壤酸度的影响大于土壤类型;随植烟年限增加,土壤pH下降,潜性酸度增加,黄棕壤土的交换性盐基、阳离子交换量和盐基饱和度下降。(2)土壤pH与交换性酸为幂函数关系,交换性铝是土壤交换性酸的主体,土壤交换性酸强度随交换性铝及其相对比例的增加而增加。(3)土壤pH与交换性盐基、阳离子交换量、盐基饱和度为二次曲线关系,当pH6时,随土壤pH增加,交换性盐基和阳离子交换量下降,盐基饱和度增加;当pH6时,随土壤pH增加,交换性盐基和阳离子交换量增加,盐基饱和度变幅小。(4)土壤交换性盐基离子主要是交换性钙,其次是交换性镁;对土壤pH影响较大的盐基离子是交换性钙。(5)有机质和黏粒主要影响土壤pH、阳离子交换量、交换性盐基和交换性钙。 相似文献
4.
5.
我国茶园土壤的酸化及其防治 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
本文就近年我国茶园土壤酸度的演化趋向,茶园酸化对土壤肥力及茶树生理的影响作了较详尽的阐述,分析了茶园土壤酸化的原因,并针对我国具体情况提出了防治茶园土壤酸化的改良措施。 相似文献
6.
黄棕壤植茶以后,土壤pH下降,土壤酸度随植茶年限的增长而增大,且上层土壤pH的减幅大于下层土壤。茶园土壤的酸化是与茶树对铝和氟的生物积聚、土壤交换性铝与铝络合物的增加以及土壤盐基的淋溶有关。茶树落叶中铝和氟的含量分别高达5836—6136 ppm和469—520ppm;茶树透冠水和土壤渗漏液中均有相当多的Al和F,茶园土壤系统中铝和氟的循环,不仅导致土壤Al3+及F-的增多,还使表土的有机络合态铝以及土壤交换性复合体和土壤溶液中的氟铝络合物积聚。因此,土壤中铝和氟的积累、转化及其生物地球化学循环是茶园土壤酸化的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
通过调节土壤氮素转化提高有机物料对红壤酸度的改良效果 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过培养试验,比较研究了油菜秸秆、稻草、香樟叶和豌豆秸秆单独施用以及油菜秸秆、稻草和香樟叶与豌豆秸秆混合施用对红壤酸度的改良效果。结果表明,在60天培养期内,添加4种物料均提高了土壤pH。培养试验结束时香樟叶、油菜秸秆、豌豆秸秆和稻草分别使土壤pH相对对照增加0.53、0.42、0.30和0.26。对于灰化碱含量很高的非豆科物料如香樟,其对土壤酸度的改良效果主要来源于物料所含碱性物质和物料对土壤硝化反应的抑制,但对灰化碱含量较低的非豆科物料如油菜秸秆和稻草,其改良效果主要来源于后者。豆科类豌豆秸秆主要通过所含碱性物质和有机氮矿化提高土壤pH,但培养试验后期铵态氮硝化反应释放的质子抵消了其部分改良效果。将油菜秸秆、稻草和香樟叶与豌豆秸秆配合施用,使硝化反应受到一定程度的抑制,提高了物料对土壤酸度的改良效果。培养试验结束时,香樟叶、稻草和油菜秸秆与豌豆秸秆配合施用比豌豆秸秆单独施用土壤pH分别高0.25、0.18和0.12。研究发现,香樟叶灰化碱含量很高,无论单独施用,还是与豌豆秸秆配合施用均有很好的改良效果,因此在南方地区推广种植香樟可以通过其凋落物修复酸化的森林土壤。 相似文献
8.
为了明确外源铅进入不同茶园土壤后其形态的转化及其生物有效性,采用盆栽试验及连续浸提形态分级方法,研究了外源铅在不同茶园土壤中的形态分布规律及其在茶树体内的累积分布规律。结果表明,不同母质茶园土壤中铅总量及各形态的含量有明显差异,无外源铅污染的情况下,临安凝灰岩与金华红壤母质茶园土壤以残渣态占主导地位,嵊州玄武岩和梅家坞鞍山母质茶园土壤则以铁锰态铅占主导地位,4种土壤的交换态含量均较低,均在总量的10%以内。当受外源铅污染后,4种茶园土壤中各形态铅均有不同程度的增加,转变为以铁锰态为主,碳酸盐态及可交换态含量在总量中所占比例明显增加,但不同母质土壤类型差异较大。在小于500mg·kg-1土的外源铅污染下,交换态以嵊州玄武岩、临安凝灰岩增幅最大,金华红壤最小;但外源铅达到2500mg·kg-1土时,金华红壤中的交换态铅急剧增加。低浓度外源铅对金华红壤、梅家坞鞍山斑岩茶园土中的茶树生长发育有促进作用,但对嵊州玄武岩和临安凝灰岩茶园土壤中的茶树生长刺激作用并不明显。高浓度的外源铅则对4种土壤中的茶树生长均产生明显的抑制作用,且碳酸盐态与交换态对茶树生长的抑制作用最大。对新梢中的铅而言,金华红壤茶园土壤以有机态铅对其贡献最大,其余3种母质茶园土壤均以碳酸盐态贡献最大;对老叶与茎杆中的铅而言,嵊州玄武岩母质茶园土壤以有机态贡献最大,其余3种土壤均以铁锰态贡献最大;对须根中的铅而言,梅家坞鞍山斑岩茶园土以有机态贡献最大,其他3种土壤均以铁锰态贡献最大。 相似文献
9.
为比较碱渣、牡蛎粉和石灰对酸性烟田的改良效果及其对烤烟生长影响，本研究通过田间试验探究了三种改良剂对酸性烟田土壤酸度、烤烟产量与品质及经济效益影响。结果表明，三种改良剂施用均有效提高土壤pH，降低交换性酸和可溶性铝（Al）的含量，提升土壤交换性盐基阳离子含量。碱渣对土壤酸度的改良效果最佳，可使土壤pH提高0.38个单位，交换性酸和可溶性Al含量降低90.9%和39.8%。同时，碱渣处理中土壤交换性Ca2+和Mg2+含量分别增加了72.8%和91.9%。随着土壤性质的改善，三种改良剂均促进了烤烟的生长，提升了烟叶产量与内在品质。三种改良剂使烟叶产量增加6.0%~9.5%，上等烟比例提高4.0%~16.9%，产值增加11.7%~19.5%，净增收益增加4593.00~9270.30元/hm2，其中碱渣的增产增收幅度最大。此外，改良剂的施用优化了烤烟化学成分组成，其中牡蛎粉处理烟叶的品质最佳。总体看，利用碱渣改良酸性烟田具有广泛的应用前景，但在实际应用中，需注意控制碱渣Na和Cl元素含量。 相似文献
10.
不同树龄茶树根层土壤化学特性及其对微生物区系和数量的影响 总被引：31，自引：2，他引：31
研究了红壤茶园中不同树龄茶树根层土壤微生物区系分布和种群结构的变化及其生态学因子。结果表明 ,随着树龄的增长 ,茶树根层土壤的酸度增加 ,pH值下降 ,土壤交换性酸组成从交换性H 为主转变为以交换性Al3 为主 ;同时 ,土壤有机碳、可溶性酚总量和全氮含量随树龄而增加。细菌、放线菌以及微生物总量以树龄 1 0年的茶树根层土壤中数量最多 ,4 0年和 90年树龄的茶树根层土壤中的较接近 ;树龄 1 0年和 90年的茶树根层土壤中真菌数量相当 ,其大于 4 0年树龄的茶树根层土壤真菌数量 ;而芽孢杆菌数量以 4 0年树龄茶树根层土壤最多 ,而 1 0年和 90年树龄茶树的接近 ;茶树根层土壤微生物生物量碳随树龄增长而增加 ,但与茶树根层土壤可培养微生物总量无显著相关。茶树根层土壤微生物生物量碳与土壤pH、有机碳、可溶性酚和全氮分别呈显著 (p<0 0 5 )或极显著 (p<0 0 0 1 )相关。 相似文献
11.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(8):1310-1321
Various crop residues were applied to a strongly acidic tea garden soil to investigate their performance in ameliorating soil acidity. A laboratory study found the performance of crop residues on soil acid amelioration was mainly determined by the combined effect of nitrogen (N) transformation, cation exchange, and ash alkalinity. Nitrogen transformation was varied for different crop residues added, but followed N regulation, resulting in an adverse liming effect. It was assumed that during the release of ash alkalinity, cations replaced soil exchangeable acidity in soil solution, which largely diminished the liming effect of ash alkalinity. That was why soil pH was highly correlated with N transformation process. Furthermore, soil pH was positively correlated with carbon (C)/N ratios of crop residues both in low-level treatment (R 2 = 0.955) and in high-level treatment (R 2 = 0.981). Therefore, crop residues with relative high C/N ratios were considered to be more suitable for long-term pH adjustment of tea garden soils. 相似文献
12.
The amelioration of an acid Alfisol from a tea garden was studied by incorporating various plant materials: canola straw, wheat straw, rice straw, corn straw, soybean straw, peanut straw, faba bean straw, Chinese milk vetch shoot and pea straw prior to incubation for a maximum of 65 days. Soil pH increased after incubation with all the incorporated materials with the legumes causing the largest increases. The final soil pH was correlated with ash alkalinity ( r 2 = 0.73), base cations ( r 2 = 0.74) and N content ( r 2 = 0.93) of the applied materials. It was assumed that the incubation released the base cations in plant materials as they decomposed which ultimately increased the base cation saturation of the soil. Similarly, soil exchangeable Al was also decreased with the incorporation of the legume plant materials and corn straw and rice straw. Our investigation demonstrated that legumes are the preferred choice for controlling the soil acidity and also for reducing the toxicity of Al in acid soils. 相似文献
13.
南方茶园土壤酸化特征及交换性酸在水稳性团聚体中的分布 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
通过采集浙江省杭州西湖龙井茶园土壤,研究茶园土壤剖面的酸度特征、养分变化以及交换性酸在水稳性团聚体中的分布特征,以了解南方茶园土壤的酸化过程。结果表明:茶园表层土壤(0-20cm)酸化严重,最低的pHH2O值达到4.0,并且有明显的深层化趋势;表土的有机质和速效磷含量较高,速效磷含量最高可达138.2mg/kg;表土团聚体分级表明茶园土壤有良好的团聚体结构,具有良好的水稳性;除了交换性H+在0.5～0.25mm和0.25～0.106mm水稳性团聚体之间没有明显差别外,交换性酸总量、交换性H+和交换性Al 3+含量均随着水稳性团聚体粒径的减小而降低;水稳性大团聚体中交换性Al 3+相对交换性H+占有明显的优势,而在0.106～0.05mm水稳性微团聚体中交换性H+占有明显的优势。交换性酸总量、交换性H+和交换性铝主要分布于>2mm和2～0.5mm水稳性团聚体中,同时在不同粒级团聚体中的分布随粒径的减小而降低。 相似文献
14.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3-4):347-361
Abstract The accumulation of heavy metals in plants is related to concentrations andchemical fractions of the metals in soils. Understanding chemical fractions and availabilities of the metals in soils is necessary for management of the soils. In this study, the concentrations of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in tea leaves were compared with the total and extractable contents of these heavy metals in 32 surface soil samples collected from different tea plantations in Zhejiang province, China. The five chemical fractions (exchangeable, carbonate‐bound, organic matter‐bound, oxides‐bound, and residual forms) of the metals in the soils were characterized. Five different extraction methods were also used to extract soil labile metals. Total heavy metal contents of the soils ranged from 17.0 to 84.0 mgCukg?1, 0.03 to 1.09 mg Cd kg?1, 3.43 to 31.2 mg Pb kg?1, and 31.0 to 132.0 mg Zn kg?1. The concentrations of exchangeable and carbonate‐bound fractions of the metals depended mainly on the pH, and those of organic matter‐bound, oxides‐bound, and residual forms of the metals were clearly controlled by their total concentrations in the soils. Extractable fractions may be preferable to total metal content as a predictor of bioconcentrations of the metals in both old and mature tea leaves. The metals in the tea leaves appeared to be mostly from the exchangeable fractions. The amount of available metals extracted by 0.01 mol L?1 CaCl2, NH4OAc, and DTPA‐TEA is appropriate extractants for the prediction of metals uptake into tea plants. The results indicate that long‐term plantation of tea can cause sol acidification and elevated concentrations of bioavailable heavy metals in the soil and, hence, aggravate the risk of heavy metals to tea plants. 相似文献
15.
工业副产品改良土壤酸度和铝毒的潜力 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
It is imperative to choose some low cost, available and effective ameliorants to correct soil acidity in southern China for sustainable agriculture. The present investigation dealt with the possible role of industrial byproducts, i. e., coal fly ash (CFA), alkaline slag (AS), red mud (RM) and phosphogypsum (PG) in correcting acidity and aluminum (Al) toxicity of soils under tea plantation using an indoor incubation experiment. Results indicated that CFA, AS and RM increased soil pH, while PG decreased the pHs of an Ultisol and an Alfisol. The increment of soil pH followed the order of RM > AS > CFA. All the industrial byproducts invariably decreased exchangeable Al and hence increased exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Na and effective cation exchange capacity. RM, AS and lime decreased total soluble Al, exchangeable Al and organically bound Al. Formation and retention of hydroxyl-Al polymers were the principal mechanism through which Al phytotoxicity was alleviated by application of these amendments. In addition, the heavy metal contents in the four industrial byproducts constituted a limited environmental hazard in a short time at the rates normally used in agriculture. Therefore, the short-term use of the byproducts, especially AS and RM, as amendments for soil acidity and Al toxicity in acid soils may be a potential alternative to the traditional use of mined gypsum and lime. 相似文献
16.
L. Wang C. R. Butterly Y. Wang H. M. S. K. Herath Y. G. Xi X. J. Xiao 《Soil Use and Management》2014,30(1):119-128
Strongly acidic soil (e.g. pH < 5.0) is detrimental to tea productivity and quality. Wheat, rice and peanut biochar produced at low temperature (max 300 °C) and differing in alkalinity content were incorporated into Xuan‐cheng (Ultisol; initial pHsoil/water = 1/2.5 4.12) and Ying‐tan soil (Ultisol; initial pH soil/water = 1/2.5 4.75) at 10 and 20 g/kg (w/w) to quantify their liming effect and evaluate their effectiveness for acidity amelioration of tea garden soils. After a 65‐day incubation at 25 °C, biochar application significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil pH and exchangeable cations and reduced Al saturation of both tea soils. Association of H+ ions with biochar and decarboxylation processes was likely to be the main factor neutralizing soil acidity. Further, biochar application reduced acidity production from the N cycle. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in exchangeable cations and reductions in exchangeable acidity and Al saturation were observed as the rate of biochar increased, but there were no further effects on soil pH. The lack of change in soil pH at the higher biochar rate may be due to the displacement of exchangeable acidity and the high buffering capacity of biochar, thereby retarding a further liming effect. Hence, a significant linear correlation between reduced exchangeable acidity and alkalinity balance was found in biochar‐amended soils (P < 0.05). Low‐temperature biochar of crop residues is suggested as a potential amendment to ameliorate acidic tea garden soils. 相似文献
17.
不同产地油菜秸秆制备的生物质炭对红壤酸度和土壤pH缓冲容量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
18.
农业废弃物制备的生物质炭对红壤酸度和油菜产量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用自行研制的生物质炭化炉在田间条件下制备花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭,采集秸秆气化站产生的稻壳炭,研究了这3种生物质炭对酸性土壤的改良效果和对油菜产量的影响。结果表明:施用稻壳炭、花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭均可提高土壤p H,降低土壤交换性酸含量,效果随施用量的增加而增强。生物质炭对酸性土壤的改良效果主要决定于其本身的含碱量,施用花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭显著增加土壤交换性盐基阳离子、有效磷、有效阳离子交换量和盐基饱和度,并提高油菜籽产量。田间条件下施用花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭3年后土壤p H仍明显高于对照处理,说明生物质炭对土壤酸度的改良具有持续性。因此,花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭是优良的酸性土壤改良剂。 相似文献