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1.
A stereotactic brain biopsy system that is magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided has not been validated in dogs. Our purpose was to determine the mean needle placement error in the caudate nucleus, thalamus, and midbrain of a canine cadaver brain using the modified Brainsight stereotactic system. Relocatable reference markers (fiducial markers) were attached to the cadaver head using a dental bite block. A T1-weighted gradient echo three-dimensional (3D) sequence was acquired using set parameters. Fiducial markers were used to register the head to the acquired MR images in reference to a 3D position sensor. This allowed the planning of trajectory path to brain targets in real time. Coordinates (X, Y, Z) were established for each target and 0.5 microl of diluted gadolinium was injected at each target using a 26-gauge needle to create a lesion. The center of the gadolinium deposition was identified on the postoperative MR images and coordinates (X', Y', Z') were established. The precision of this system in bringing the needle to target (needle placement error) was calculated. Seventeen sites were targeted in the brain. The mean needle placement error for all target sites was 1.79 +/- 0.87 mm. The upper bound of error for this stereotactic system was 3.31 mm. There was no statistically significant relationship between needle placement error and target depth (P = 0.23). The ease of use and precision of this stereotactic system support its development for clinical use in dogs with brain lesions > 3.31 mm.  相似文献   

2.
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3.
The accuracy testing of a new CT -guided stereotactic device was undertaken via an experimental study. Ten dog cadaver heads were submitted to a CT examination and a brain target was determined (coordinates: x1, y1, z1). 0.3 ml of a radiopaque paste was injected in this chosen point. The head was analysed twice by CT and the centre of the injection (x2, y2, z2) was measured on slices. Tridimensional statistical analysis of the variance of the two points was carried out. The procedure always led to the injection of the radiopaque paste and created an intracerebral mass which gave a measurable image on CT examination. The distance between the original target and the centre of the injection was 2.9 +/- 1.08 mm. It is concluded that this new device allows the opportunity to perform stereotactic CT -guided brain biopsy for all unknown brain lesions exceeding 6 mm in diameter in the dog.  相似文献   

4.
This report describes the results of CT-guided stereotactic brain biopsies performed on 50 consecutive dogs using a modified Pelorus Mark III Stereotactic System. Based on available histopathologic samples (stereotactic biopsy [n = 50], surgery [n = 17], necropsy [n = 9]) the patient population consisted of 34 dogs with primary brain tumors, 2 with invasive nasal adenocarcinomas, and 13 with non-neoplastic brain lesions. Brain tissue was not obtained from one dog. In 22 dogs a final diagnosis was made from tissue subsequently obtained from surgical resection or at necropsy. The final diagnosis was in agreement with the stereotactic biopsy diagnosis in 20 of these 22 dogs. In 17 other dogs without follow-up, stereotactic biopsy provided a diagnosis of a specific primary brain tumor subtype. Postoperative complications associated with the biopsy procedure were assessed in 41 dogs. The other 9 dogs either went directly to surgery (n = 7) or were killed (n = 2) immediately after the biopsy procedure. Thirty-six dogs recovered without apparent clinical complications. Postoperative clinical complications in the remaining 5 dogs included transient epistaxis (1 dog), transient exacerbation of cerebellar signs (1 dog), obtundation progressing to coma (1 dog), and medically uncontrollable seizures (2 dogs). The latter 3 dogs with severe neurologic complications all had large primary brain tumors and had been receiving high doses of phenobarbital and glucocorticoids to control seizures at the time of biopsy. These results suggest that this CT-guided biopsy procedure can provide an accurate pathologic diagnosis of brain lesions detected by CT and MR neuroimaging. Further refinement of both technique and case selection is expected to reduce the rate of clinical complications and to improve the accuracy of the procedure.  相似文献   

5.
Alain  Giroux  DVM  MS  Jeryl C.  Jones  DVM  PhD  Jan Helge  Bohn  MS  PhD  Robert B.  Duncan  DVM  PhD  Don R.  Waldron  DVM  Karen R.  Inzana  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2002,43(3):229-236
An inexpensive device was created for computed tomographic (CT)-guided stereotactic biopsy of the canine brain. The accuracy of the device was tested using 16, formalin-perfused, canine head specimens. For each dog, a 6-inch biopsy needle was guided into pituitary gland and caudate nucleus targets. Needle tracks were measured using the CT computer and infused with tissue staining solution. Hit success and actual needle track lengths were determined from sliced brain specimens. The device enabled accurate orientation and placement of the canine head in the slice plane, such that progressive penetration of the biopsy needle could be monitored. The caudate nucleus was hit 12/16 times (75% accuracy) and the pituitary gland 15.5/16 times (98.6% accuracy). Hit proportions for the two targets did not differ (P < 0.05). A significant difference was found between CT and actual track length for both targets (P < 0.01). This was attributed to incomplete staining of the bevel portion of the needle track.  相似文献   

6.
The purpose of this study was to describe application and machine accuracy for a new computed tomography (CT) guided, frameless, stereotactic brain biopsy system in dogs. Heads from ten canine cadavers were secured to a bite‐plate with six attached fiducial markers and imaged using CT. Fiducialized CT images were imported into stereotactic software and spherical phantom lesions between 3.9 and 5.5 mm in diameter were created in six locations. Infrared cameras and reflective markers were used to register fiducials to the reconstructed image set. Coordinates in the X, Y, and Z planes were identified for each lesion center. Iohexol (1.5 μl of 240 mgI/ml) was injected into the center of each lesion and CT scans were repeated. Pre‐ and postinjection CT images for each cadaver were fused using the system software. Application accuracy was calculated using the center of each phantom lesion and the center of each injected contrast material location. Machine accuracy was calculated using a phantom with known distances between four fixed points in the X, Y, and Z planes. Mean application accuracy in the first 5 cadavers was 4.3 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9–4.3 mm) and in the second 5 cadavers was 2.9 mm (95% CI 2–3.9 mm). The more superficial lesions were targeted significantly less accurately than the deeper lesions (P = 0.0183). Median machine accuracy was 0.1 mm and the range was 0.1–0.2 mm. Findings supported use of the new biopsy system for canine brain lesions >3.9 mm in diameter.  相似文献   

7.
The hemodynamic response to hydralazine administration was evaluated in 6 conscious small dogs with chronic mitral regurgitation. All dogs underwent invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring before and after hydralazine administration. Cardiac output and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were measured with a Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter. Systemic arterial blood pressure (AP) was measured directly by inserting a needle into the femoral artery. Standard M-mode echocardiograms and thoracic radiographs were obtained. Other hemodynamic variables were calculated. Base-line hemodynamic variables were altered severely in all dogs. Hydralazine decreased mean arterial blood pressure from 104 +/- 18 (mean +/- SD) to 78 +/- 12 mm of Hg (P less than 0.005), total systemic resistance index from 2,946 +/- 625 to 1,261 +/- 420 dynes-s-cm-5m2 (P less than 0.005), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from 40 +/- 5 to 26 +/- 3 mm of Hg, (P less than 0.005). Cardiac index increased from 2.92 +/- 0.72 to 5.36 +/- 1.67 L/min/m2 of body surface area (P less than 0.005). Mixed venous oxygen tension (PvO2) increased from 28.4 +/- 4.3 to 41.2 +/- 5.2 mm of Hg (P less than 0.001). Pulmonary edema resolved, as determined on thoracic radiographs. Mixed venous oxygen tension correlated well with the cardiac index (r = 0.92; P less than 0.001). It was concluded that hydralazine administration caused a small decrease in end diastolic diameter (4.8 +/- 0.9 to 4.5 +/- 0.8 cm, P less than 0.05) and end systolic diameter (2.6 +/- 0.8 to 2.3 +/- 0.7 cm, P less than 0.05). Fractional shortening and heart rate did not change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

8.
Tear production (as determined by the Schirmer I tear test) in five dogs given atropine (0.02 mg/kg) subcutaneously and in five dogs given 0.9% saline solution subcutaneously was compared before and during halothane anesthesia. Fifteen minutes after the atropine injections, mean tear production was 15.0 +/- 2.9 mm/minute, as compared with 23.8 +/- 2.9 mm/minute before treatment rate. There was no change in tearing 15 minutes after injection of the saline solution. Tear production declined in both groups during anesthesia. Ten minutes after anesthetic induction, mean tear formation was 20% of pretreatment value in the atropinized dogs and 54% of the pretreatment value in the dogs given saline solution. At the end of 1 hour of anesthesia, tearing was essentially zero in both groups.  相似文献   

9.
The feasibility of renal arterial infusion of nonbiodegradable microspheres as a model of chronic renal disease in dogs was evaluated. Resin-coated, styrene-divinyl benzene copolymer microspheres were infused into the kidneys of healthy adult Beagles by direct injections of both renal arteries in a single surgical procedure. Injections of 25-microns diameter microspheres had minimal effect on either the clinical status or serum values of the dogs. Histologic examination revealed the majority of the microspheres lodged within the capillary beds of the glomeruli, and little change to the kidneys. However, injections of 50-microns diameter microspheres caused significant increases in serum concentrations of urea nitrogen and creatinine. Histologically, the larger microspheres obstructed afferent arterioles and small arteries, which caused diffuse glomerular necrosis and nephron damage. With doses ranging from 1 to 3 million microspheres/dog, a correlation between the quantity of microspheres injected and severity of renal damage was observed. The optimal dose for producing a model of moderate renal disease was determined to be 1.8 million microspheres/dog (0.9 million microspheres/kidney). During long-term studies, microsphere-injected dogs fed a moderately restricted protein ration remained relatively azotemic, compared with control dogs on the identical ration. During the 5-month postsurgical period, the serum urea nitrogen concentration averaged 18.41 +/- 1.59 mg/dl (mean +/- SE) for the microsphere-injected dogs vs 9.31 +/- 0.38 for the control dogs (P less than 0.001). Similarly, the mean serum creatinine value was significantly higher (P = 0.020) for the microsphere-injected dogs, compared with the controls (1.23 +/- 0.12 mg/dl vs 0.94 +/- 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Bone Injection Gun (BIG) for placement of intraosseous cannulas through impact penetration and compare it with a standard Jamshidi bone marrow needle (JBMN) and to compare fluid delivery dynamics through each device. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized in vivo study. ANIMALS: Forty-eight mature dogs. METHODS: During surgical laboratories, dogs were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 24), and intraosseous access in the proximal tibial metaphysis was obtained using a BIG or JBMN. Variables measured during placement included insertion success, time required for placement, and alterations in respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), and systolic blood pressure. After placement, maintenance fluids were administered to 6 dogs from each group, and fluids were administered under pressure to 6 dogs from each group to compare rates of delivery through each device. After euthanasia, the tibiae were harvested to evaluate and compare the morphologic consequences of needle and cannula placement. RESULTS: Successful placement occurred in 20 (83%) dogs for the BIG and 23 (96%) dogs for the JBMN, which was not significantly different (P =.3475). Time required for placement was significantly less (P =.0024) for the BIG (mean, 22.4 +/- 8.2 seconds) compared with the JBMN (mean, 42.0 +/- 28.1 seconds). Significant increases in RR occurred in both groups and in the HR for the BIG group, but significant differences were not noted between groups. Mean rate of pressurized fluid administration was similar for both groups. Two distinct patterns of cortical bone damage occurred, but the clinical significance of this observation is uncertain. CONCLUSIONS: The BIG provides more rapid access to the intraosseous space for fluid administration than the JBMN. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The BIG is an effective alternative for obtaining rapid access to the intraosseous space for emergency fluid and drug administration.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the doses of propofol required for insertion of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) with those for endotracheal intubation in sedated dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized prospective clinical study. Animals Sixty healthy dogs aged 0.33-8.5 (3.0 +/- 2.3, mean +/- SD) years, weighing 2.2-59.0 (23.4 +/- 13.6, mean +/- SD) kg, presented for elective surgery requiring inhalation anaesthesia. METHODS: Animals were randomly assigned to receive either a LMA or an endotracheal tube. Pre-anaesthetic medication was intravenous (IV) glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg kg(-1)) medetomidine (10 microg kg(-1)) and butorphanol (0.2 mg kg(-1)). Repeated IV propofol injections (1 mg kg(-1) in 30 seconds) were given until LMA insertion or endotracheal intubation was achieved, when the presence or absence of laryngospasm, the respiratory rate (fr) and the total dose of propofol used were recorded. RESULTS: The total propofol dose (mean +/- SD) required for LMA insertion (0.53 +/- 0.51 mg kg(-1)) was significantly lower than for endotracheal intubation (1.43 +/- 0.57 mg kg(-1)). The LMA could be inserted without propofol in 47% of dogs; the remainder needed a single 1 mg kg(-1) bolus (n = 30). Endotracheal intubation was possible without propofol in 3.3% of the dogs, 47% needed one bolus and 50% required two injections (n = 30). The f(r) (mean +/- SD) was 18 +/- 6 and 15 +/- 7 minute(-1) after LMA insertion and intubation, respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Laryngeal mask airway insertion requires less propofol than endotracheal intubation in sedated dogs therefore propofol-induced cardiorespiratory depression is likely to be less severe. The LMA is well tolerated and offers a less invasive means of securing the upper airway.  相似文献   

12.
Precise and accurate patient positioning is necessary when doing stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to ensure adequate dosing to the tumor and sparing of normal tissues. This prospective cross‐sectional study aimed to assess feasibility of a commercially available modified frameless SRS positioning system for use in veterinary radiotherapy patients with brain tumors. Fifty‐one dogs and 12 cats were enrolled. Baseline and verification CT images were acquired. The verification CT images from 32 dogs and five cats had sufficient images for fusion to baseline CT images. A rigid box‐based fusion was performed to determine interfraction motion. Forty‐eight dogs and 11 cats were assessed for intrafraction motion by cine CT. Seventy percent of dogs and 60% of cats had interfraction 3D vector translational shifts >1 mm, with mean values of 1.9 mm in dogs, and 1.8 mm in cats. In dogs muscle wasting was weakly correlated with translational shifts. The maximum angular interfraction motion observed was 6.3° (roll), 3.5° (pitch), and 3.3° (yaw). There was no correlation between angular interfraction motion and weight, brachycephaly, or muscle wasting. Fifty‐seven percent of dogs and 50% of cats had respiration‐related intrafraction motion. Of these, 4.5% of dogs and 10% of cats had intrafraction motion >1 mm. This study demonstrates the modified Brainlab system is feasible for SRS in dogs and cats. The smaller cranial size and difference in anatomy increases setup uncertainty in some animals beyond limits usually accepted in SRS. Image‐guided positioning is recommended to achieve clinically acceptable setup accuracy (<1 mm) for SRS.  相似文献   

13.
Pulmonary H2 excretion was measured in 10 healthy dogs, in 6 dogs with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and in 6 dogs with chronic small intestinal disease. Concentration of expired H2 in fasted healthy dogs was 0.9 +/- 0.1 ppm (mean +/- SEM) and peak H2 concentration of 1.4 +/- 0.2 ppm was detected up to 8 hours after feeding. Dogs with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency had fasting expired H2 concentrations of 3.3 +/- 0.9 ppm, which increased to a mean peak H2 concentration of 28.8 +/- 2.0 ppm 6.5 hours after feeding. Following xylose administration, expired H2 concentrations increased from fasting concentrations of 3.6 +/- 0.9 ppm to peak at 19.0 +/- 2.0 ppm in 1.5 hours. Blood xylose concentrations were diagnostic for carbohydrate malabsorption in 4 of 6 dogs with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Plasma p-aminobenzoic acid concentration identified bentiromide maldigestion in all dogs with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. In 3 pancreatic exocrine insufficient dogs tested, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy partially corrected carbohydrate malabsorption. Fasting expired H2 concentration was 5.3 +/- 1.3 ppm in dogs with chronic small intestinal disease and increased to a peak H2 of 72.2 +/- 18.0 ppm 7 hours after feeding. Following administration of xylose to dogs with chronic small intestinal disease, fasting expired H2 concentration increased from 3.0 +/- 1.0 ppm to a peak of 35.5 +/- 7.2 ppm at 2 hours. Blood xylose concentration was abnormal in only 2 of 6 dogs with chronic small intestinal disease. Results of these studies indicate that expired H2 analysis can identify carbohydrate malabsorption in dogs with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency or chronic small intestinal disease, and that pulmonary H2 testing is more sensitive than xylose absorption testing for the identification of carbohydrate malabsorption.  相似文献   

14.
Gas eructation function of the gastroesophageal sphincter (GES) was investigated in 6 conscious dogs before and after a sleeve was placed around the GES and gastric cardia and during IV infusion of a beta-adrenergic amine (epinephrine). To induce eructation, nitrogen gas was insufflated (351.4 +/- 2 ml/min; mean +/- SEM) into the stomach through 1 channel of a 4-lumen catheter. After baseline studies and epinephrine infusion studies were completed in each dog, surgery was done to limit partially gastric distension by intraluminal contents by placing a silicone rubber sleeve around the GES and the first few centimeters of the cardia. Gastroesophageal sphincter pressure was 31.8 +/- 2.2 mm of Hg in baseline studies, 17.3 +/- 1.3 mm of Hg during epinephrine infusion (P. less than 0.003), and 30.3 +/- 2.2 mm of Hg after the sleeve was placed around the GES and cardia. During insufflation, gastric pressures before eructation increased to 5.74 +/- 0.41 mm of Hg before and to 15.15 +/- 1.63 mm of Hg after cardia sleeve placement (P less than 0.001). Eructation occurred at intervals of 1.83 +/- 0.41 minutes before cardia sleeve placement, and eructations were not observed with the sleeve in place. Before the sleeve was placed, administration of epinephrine resulted in an eructation interval of 0.84 +/- 0.09 minutes, which was significantly different from that in the same dogs given no drugs (P less than 0.004).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

15.
Magnetic resonance (MR) images may be useful for radiation planning due to greater contrast resolution. One disadvantage of MR images for radiation planning is the inability to incorporate electron density information into the dose calculation algorithm. To assess the magnitude of this problem, we evaluated radiation dose distribution in canine brain by comparing computed tomography (CT)-based radiotherapy plans with and without electron density correction. Computerized radiotherapy plans were generated for 13 dogs with brain tumors using 6 MV photons. A tissue-contouring program was used to outline the gross tumor volume (GTV) and the planning target volume (PTV) for each patient. Two treatment plans were generated for each dog. First, the plan was optimized without heterogeneity correction. Then the heterogeneity correction was implemented without changing any other plan parameters. Isodose distributions and dose volume histograms (DVHs) were used to compare the two plans. The D95 (dose delivered to 95% of the volume) within the PTV was calculated for each treatment plan and differences in the D95s were compared. The mean D95s without and with heterogeneity correction were 49.1 +/- 0.7 and 48.9 +/- 1.0Gy, respectively. The absolute mean percent dose difference without and with heterogeneity correction was 1.0 - 0.9% (-1.3-3.2%) and was not considered to be clinically significant. We found no clinically significant difference between CT-based radiotherapy plans without and with heterogeneity correction for brain tumors in small animals, which supports the use of MR-based treatment planning for radiotherapy of small animal brain tumors.  相似文献   

16.
To evaluate the hemostatic effects of desmopressin (DDAVP) in dogs with aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction and hemostatic impairment in chronic liver diseases, 3 microg/kg DDAVP was administrated subcutaneously. In aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction dogs (n=5), prolonged BMBT (buccal mucosal bleeding time) was shortened significantly after DDAVP injection (2.2 +/- 1.2 min, P<0.05). In dogs with chronic liver diseases (n=4), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) tended to shorten by 0.9 to 3.0 sec, and prolonged BMBT was shortened in two cases for 4.2 and 1.7 min after DDAVP injection. Therefore, the present results indicated that DDAVP shortened the prolonged BMBT in dogs with aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction and chronic liver disease. DDAVP might be helpful in hemostasis under invasive procedures such as biopsy or surgery for dogs with hemostatic impairment.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVE: To determine survival times in dogs with severe subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) treated by means of balloon valvuloplasty or with atenolol, a beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 38 dogs < 24 months old with severe SAS (peak systolic pressure gradient > or = 80 mm Hg). PROCEDURE: 10 dogs underwent balloon valvuloplasty and were reexamined 6 weeks later to determine the feasibility of the procedure. The remaining 28 dogs were randomly assigned to undergo balloon valvuloplasty (n = 15) or to be treated with atenolol long term (13) and were reexamined annually for 9 years or until the time of death. RESULTS: For the first 10 dogs, mean pressure gradient 6 weeks after balloon valvuloplasty (mean +/- SD, 119 +/- 32.6 mm Hg) was significantly decreased, compared with mean baseline pressure gradient (167 +/- 40.1 mm Hg). Median survival time for dogs that underwent balloon valvuloplasty (55 months) was not significantly different from median survival time for dogs treated with atenolol (56 months). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that balloon valvuloplasty can result in a significant decrease in the peak systolic pressure gradient in dogs with severe SAS, at least for the short term. No clear benefit in survival times was seen for dogs that underwent balloon valvuloplasty versus dogs that were treated with atenolol.  相似文献   

18.
A blinded, multicenter, prospective clinical trial assessed the effects of enalapril (EN) versus standard care in dogs with naturally occurring, idiopathic glomerulonephritis (GN). Twenty-nine adult dogs with membranous (n = 16) and membranoproliferative (n = 13) GN were studied. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either EN (0.5 mg/kg PO q12-24h; n = 16) or placebo (n = 14) for 6 months (1 dog was treated first with the placebo and then with EN). All dogs were treated with low-dose aspirin (0.5-5 mg/kg PO q12-24h) and fed a commercial diet. At baseline, serum creatinine (SrCr), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and glomerular histologic grade were not different between groups, but the urine protein/creatinine ratio (UP/C) was greater in the EN group compared with the placebo group (8.7 +/- 4.4 versus 4.7 +/- 2.3). After 6 months of treatment, the change in UP/C from baseline was significantly different between groups (EN = -4.2 +/- 1.4 versus 1.9 +/- 0.9 in the placebo group). When data were adjusted for changes in SrCr (SrCr X UP/C) a similar significant reduction was noted ( 2.2 +/- 15.2 versus 8.4 +/- 10.1). The change in SBP after 6 months of treatment also was significantly different between groups (EN = -12.8 +/- 27.3 versus 5.9 +/- 21.5 mm Hg in the placebo group). Response to treatment was categorized as improvement (assigned a value of 2), no progression (assigned a value of 1), and progression (assigned a value of 0). Response was significantly better in the EN group (1.4 +/- 0.8) compared with the placebo group (0.3 +/- 0.5). These results suggest that EN treatment is beneficial in dogs with naturally occurring idiopathic GN.  相似文献   

19.
Stereotactic radiotherapy is a highly conformal treatment option for intracranial and extracranial malignancies. Stereotactic radiotherapy utilizes specialized equipment specifically designed to avoid normal tissue while delivering ablative treatments with submillimeter precision and accuracy. Linear accelerator based stereotactic radiotherapy incorporates on‐board image guidance utilizing cone beam computed tomography (CT). Many institutions lack the ability to provide image guidance with cone beam CT but delivery of highly conformal treatments with submillimeter precision and accuracy is still feasible. The purpose of this retrospective, pilot study was to describe clinical outcomes for a group of dogs with neurological disease that were treated with an stereotactic radiotherapy technique utilizing intensity modulated radiation therapy, megavoltage computed portal radiography, a bite plate, thermoplastic mold, and mask based positioning system. Twelve dogs with neurological clinical signs were included. The diagnosis of intracranial tumor was made based on advanced imaging (12/12) and confirmed via histopathology (3/12). Twelve courses of stereotactic radiotherapy, utilizing three fractions of 8.0 Gy, were delivered on alternating days. Self‐resolving neurological deterioration was observed in two patients during stereotactic radiotherapy. Neurological progression free interval and median survival time were 273 days (range: 16–692 days) and 361 days (range: 25–862 days). Stereotactic radiotherapy using computed portal radiography may be a safe treatment option for dogs with intracranial tumors.  相似文献   

20.
The criteria for brain atrophy in dogs have not yet been established, because of wide variation in the morphology of the ventricles and sulci of the brain depending on the breed and size. In this study, we examined the thickness of the interthalamic adhesion in a transverse magnetic resonance image to investigate normal, to examine the correlation with age, body weight, and breed, and to assess whether measurement would be a useful indicator of brain atrophy. The animals used in this study were of various breeds and weight, and had no identifiable intracranial lesion. They were divided into two groups: a normal group (0.6-15-year-old, n = 66) and a demented aging group (12-18-year-old, n = 12). The interthalamic adhesion thickness in both T1- and T2-weighted transverse images were measured in all dogs. The interthalamic adhesion thickness in the normal and demented groups was 6.79 +/- 0.70 and 3.82 +/- 0.79 mm, respectively. The interthalamic adhesion thickness in the demented group was significantly smaller. In an analysis of the correlation of interthalamic adhesion thickness with age and weight in normal dogs, significant negative and positive correlation was recognized, respectively. However, the strength of these correlations was low. These results suggest that interthalamic adhesion thickness may be a good parameter for evaluating brain atrophy in dogs with cognitive dysfunction.  相似文献   

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