共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
陕北林区甘肃鼢鼠的食性及食量研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
经人工室内饲养和野外实地观察，对林区甘肃鼢鼠的危害特点及食性，食量进行实步研究表明，甘肃鼢鼠在林区危害３０多种树木，所食植物涉及４０科８０余种。甘肃鼢鼠对林木平均日食量为６０．５ｇ，且体重与食量成正相关。该鼠对林木的喜食度不如杂草和农作物。由于气候，食料因素，甘肃鼢鼠常呈季节性迁移。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
甘肃鼢鼠（Myospalax consus）（以下简称鼢鼠）是黄土高原地区的一种地下害鼠,它栖息于林区、草地和农田,以植物的根、茎为食,对农、林、果、牧业危害严重.因此,我们对其特性进行了长期的观察研究,并采取了多种措施进行综合防治,在生产中取得了较为理想的防治效果.现将我们的工作情况介绍如下. 相似文献
5.
通过在不同海拔高度设置样地调查分析,祁连山区分布的36种啮齿动物形成4大类群7个亚群落.中华鼢鼠是林业生产的主要害鼠,因掘洞取食树木根系对幼林造成危害,年被害株率在10%～40%,平均18%.依据森林有害生物可持续控制原理,提出了祁连山自然保护区森林害鼠、兔的可持续控制策略,总结了区内主要森林害鼠中华鼢鼠的综合治理措施,进行了大面积推广防治. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
红脂大小蠹卵和蛹的发育及预测研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
红脂大小蠹主要侵染 30年生以上和胸径在 10cm以上的油松树和新鲜油松伐桩、伐木。成虫蛀干在坑道内交尾产卵 ,孵化侵食韧皮部、形成层。卵期平均 11.2d ,蛹期平均 12 .4d ,卵和蛹的发育起点温度分别为 14 .86± 0 .6 1℃、12 .32± 1.73℃ ,有效积温分别为 77.5 9±5 .2 7日度、14 4 4 .6 7± 15 .0 2日度 ;根据卵和蛹的形象变化分别将卵、蛹的发育分为 3个阶段和 4个时期。利用期距法、有效积温法及物候法可预测各虫态的发生期 相似文献
9.
星天牛是沿海防护林木麻黄的主要害虫。该虫以老熟幼虫在木麻黄主干木质部内越冬 ,化蛹集中于 4月中、下旬 ,蛹期 2 1～ 2 6d。日平均温度 1 9 5℃时蛹期 2 5d,2 1 5℃时蛹期 2 1d,蛹的发育起始温度为( 1 3 91± 0 69)℃ ,有效积温为 ( 1 44 0 4± 1 5 96)日度。羽化盛期为 5月中、下旬。根据蛹的形态和颜色的变化 ,整个蛹期可分为 4个时期 ,每一时期都具备各阶段蛹的形态特征。野外调查和室内外人工饲养表明成虫期补充营养最喜欢取食苦楝树。取食苦楝树的雌虫每头产卵在 1 5 6～ 1 98粒 ,平均 1 76 4粒 ,是取食木麻黄的 3 1 4倍 ,日平均产卵量是取食木麻黄的 1 5 7倍 ;取食苦楝树的雌虫寿命 72～ 1 1 0d,平均 91 8d ;雄虫寿命 88～ 1 2 5d,平均 1 0 3d ,雌、雄成虫分别比取食木麻黄的多存活 3 0 2、40d。 相似文献
10.
皱大球蚧是国槐等多种园林树木的重要害虫。准确预报其发生量与若虫孵化期是防治成败的关键。 1999年 5月对产卵末期虫体重、体长及产卵量的测定和室内恒温、变温饲养的研究表明产卵量与体重、体长相关方程式分别为 :Y1=- 2 0 0 7 6 782 + 76 85 1 3738X1,Y2 =- 12 4 2 6 0 813+ 2 6 99 16 6 4X2 ,卵发育起点温度C =13 5 1± 0 5 0℃或C =13 2 1± 0 0 9℃ ;有效积温K =187 4 7±8 79DD或K =192 4 8± 1 5 9DD。经 2 0 0 0年检验与实际符合 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献