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不同施氮量烤烟赤星病发生与发病初期氮营养、生理状况关系研究 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
在石林和寻甸两个不同气候生态区通过田间试验研究了烤烟不同施氮量与打顶时（即赤星病发病初期）健康烟株烟叶中的含氮量以及类黄酮、总酚、可溶性糖和游离性氨基酸含量等部分生理生化指标以及后期赤星病发生三者间的相互关系。结果表明,尽管两个试验点烟株体内的生理生化状况和赤星病发生程度有一定的差异,但施氮量与上述生理生化指标、赤星病发生三者间的关系都有一致的规律,即:随着施氮量增加,烟叶内游离性氨基酸含量和氮累积量增加,类黄酮、总酚和可溶性糖含量下降;烟叶成熟过程中不同时间赤星病发病情况均随施氮量增加而增加,其中,高氮和不施氮处理间差异显著。相关分析表明,烟株赤星病发病初期、中期和后期的发病率和病情指数均与发病初期烟叶内的类黄酮、总酚和可溶性糖含量有显著负相关关系;而与游离性氨基酸含量和氮累积量有显著正相关关系。这表明不同施氮量烟株成熟期赤星病发生的差异在一定程度上与发病初期烟叶中的类黄酮、总酚、可溶性糖和游离性氨基酸含量以及氮累积量的差异有关;同时还表明通过调控施氮量可以较好地控制赤星病病害的发生。 相似文献
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印度梨形孢诱导烟草对黑胫病的抗性及其机理的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
印度梨形孢(Piriformospora indica)是分离自印度塔尔沙漠的植物根系内生真菌,能够诱导多种植物对生物和非生物逆境产生抗性,目前已作为一种模式真菌用于内生真菌与植物互作关系的研究。为了研究印度梨形孢对烟草(Nicotiana tobacum)抗黑胫病的影响,本研究采用烟草疫霉菌(Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae)分别接种根部有印度梨形孢定殖与未定殖的烟草,观察接种后根部有印度梨形孢定殖与未定殖的烟草发病情况,测定抗病相关防御酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性变化及抗病相关基因的表达量,并通过平皿对峙试验研究印度梨形孢对烟草疫霉菌生长的影响。结果表明,接种烟草疫霉菌后,根部有印度梨形孢定殖的烟草发病严重度要显著低于对照;接种烟草疫霉菌后第1~10 d,根部有印度梨形孢定殖的烟草叶片中防御酶PAL、POD和PPO活性高于对照,在第1 d,PAL活性是对照烟草的3.99倍,在第2 d,POD活性是对照烟草的1.5倍,在第4 d,PPO活性是对照烟草的2.66倍;实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time quantitative PCR,q RT-PCR)结果显示,接种烟草疫霉菌后第6~96 h,根部有印度梨形孢定殖的烟草叶片中抗病相关基因PR1b、P450-2、hrs203J、Nm IMSP和P450-1的表达量高于对照;在第12 h,PR1b、P450-2、hrs203J的表达量分别是对照烟草的3.8、15.7和3.1倍,在第48 h,Nm IMSP的表达量是对照烟草的2.6倍,在第72 h,P450-1的表达量是对照烟草的1.5倍;平皿对峙试验结果显示印度梨形孢对烟草疫霉菌的生长没有抑制、重寄生作用。研究结果表明,印度梨形孢可显著提高烟草对黑胫病的抗性,对黑胫病的抗性不是通过印度梨形孢分泌的抗菌物质实现的,是与烟草中抗病相关基因表达量的上升、防御酶活性的提高有关。本研究初步揭示了印度梨形孢诱导烟草抗黑胫病的相关机理,为进一步深入研究烟草黑胫病的生物防治及其机理提供基础资料。 相似文献
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烟草黑胫病拮抗菌的筛选及其生物效应 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
烟草黑胫病是烟草生产中危害最严重的土传病害之一,生物防治具有抗病和环保的作用,获得高效拮抗菌株是进行生物防治研究的基础。本研究采用平板对峙法,在烟草黑胫病发生严重的田块中选取健康烟株,从其根际土壤中分离筛选到12株对烟草黑胫病病原菌Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae具有拮抗效果的菌株,抑菌率59.4%～71.1%。选择抑菌率最高的C-5菌株进行试验。经鉴定C-5菌株为多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)。抗菌谱试验结果表明:C-5菌株不仅对黑胫病病原菌有较强的拮抗作用,同时对甜瓜?黄瓜枯萎病病原菌和辣椒疫病病原菌也具有拮抗作用。苗期盆栽试验结果表明:利用C-5菌株发酵制备的微生物有机肥能抑制烟草黑胫病的发生,苗期防治率达80%。本文首次报道了多粘类芽胞杆菌菌株对烟草疫霉有拮抗作用。 相似文献
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不同来源氮素在烤烟体内的累积分配及对烟叶品质的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过在云南省玉溪市赵桅村6组烟田（A）和赵桅实验基地（B）进行的大田15N示踪试验,研究了在不施氮和施氮90 kg/hm2条件下,水稻土烤烟干物质累积特征、肥料氮和土壤氮的吸收和分配及肥料氮和土壤氮对烟叶品质的影响。结果表明,施氮能显著提高烟株干物重,增加烟株吸氮量,但在生育后期施氮与不施氮处理,烟株均存在干物质和氮素累积过多问题。施氮90 kg/hm2情况下,烟株整个生育期中吸收的氮素主要来自于土壤氮,而且烟株吸收的土壤氮及其占总吸氮量的比例随生育期延长和烟叶着生部位的升高显著增加;到采收结束时,两试验田烟株吸收的土壤氮占总吸氮量的比例分别达69%和74%。不同施氮水平烟叶品质差异较大,不施氮处理各部位烟叶总氮和烟碱含量均偏低,糖碱比不协调;施氮处理各部位烟叶总氮含量均在适宜范围内,但由于烟株生育后期土壤供氮较多,上部烟叶存在烟碱含量偏高的问题。选择有机质含量适宜的土壤,控制烟株生育后期土壤供氮量,对降低上部烟叶总氮和烟碱含量,提高我国烟叶整体质量至关重要。 相似文献
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为了控制采后香菇在贮藏过程中的褐变并提高其贮藏品质,本试验采用不同剂量(2、4、6和8 kJ·m-2) 短波紫外线(UV-C)对新鲜香菇进行预处理,研究不同剂量UV-C处理对香菇色泽、总酚含量、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性、可溶性蛋白含量、还原糖含量、游离氨基酸含量以及香菇表面微生物的影响。结果表明,UV-C处理延缓了香菇色泽的下降,保持了较高的总酚含量,并且有利于POD、SOD、CAT和PAL活性维持在较高水平,抑制了PPO活性,同时可以保持较高的还原糖和可溶性蛋白含量,在一定程度上延缓了蛋白质的降解,而且可以有效抑制微生物的生长,其中4 kJ·m-2 UV-C处理效果最佳。综上所述,UV-C处理可以有效地抑制香菇褐变,延长其贮藏期。本研究结果为香菇的贮藏保鲜提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为探究烟草黑胫病不同发病程度与土壤生态环境影响因子之间的关系,明确与黑胫病发病程度相关的因素,为今后黑胫病的生物防疫工作提供理论基础。本研究通过田间调查,收集烟草黑胫病不同发病程度的根际土壤(病级:0、5、7、9级),测定了土壤理化指标和酶活性,并采用 16S DNA和ITS基因测序技术分析了烟株发病与未发病根际土壤细菌及真菌群落结构的差异。结果表明:(1)黑胫病发病土壤的碱解氮(AN)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、蔗糖酶(SUC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及酸性磷酸酶(ACP)与正常土壤相比最高分别增加了197.53 mg/kg、82.67 mg/kg、33.17 mg/kg、65.7 mg/kg、358.07 mg/kg、8.84 mg/(d·g)、56.80 μmol/(h·g)、3938.69 nmol/(h·g),且各处理间达到显著差异(P<0.05);(2)与未发病土壤相比,发病土壤细菌、真菌群落结构多样性较低,且随着发病程度增加,多样性逐步降低;(3)发病土壤厚壁菌门、镰刀菌属、棘壳孢属相对丰度高于正常土壤,而变形杆菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、浮霉菌门、被孢霉属、孢球托霉属和沙蜥属群落丰度则低于正常土壤;(4)指示物种分析表明,与正常土壤相比,发病土壤中放线菌门、酸杆菌门、厚壁菌门、孢球托霉属和棘壳孢属存在显著正响应,为病害发生的指示物种;(5)冗余分析(RDA)表明,放线菌门、酸杆菌门、孢球托霉属与病害发生呈负相关,而厚壁菌门、棘壳孢属则相反。综上所述,根际土壤中放线菌门、酸杆菌门、孢球托霉属相对丰度增加和厚壁菌门、棘壳孢属相对丰度降低是烟草黑胫病发病的重要微生物因素。 相似文献
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硅对水稻防御性关键酶活性的影响及其与抗稻瘟病的关系 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
通过室内溶液培养试验,研究了硅酸盐对接种稻瘟病菌后水稻的病情指数、植株生物量、过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性的影响。结果表明,施硅能显著降低水稻稻瘟病的发病率和病情指数,防治效果达60.59%;显著减轻稻瘟病对水稻地上部的危害,干物质量显著高于不施硅处理,但对地下部生长影响不明显;接种后水稻叶片POD活性均升高,在第5 d达到最大值,施硅处理显著低于不施硅处理,与稻瘟病抗性成负相关;水稻叶片PPO活性在接种后第5 d达到峰值,从第4 d开始施硅处理显著高于不施硅处理;接种后水稻叶片的PAL活性快速升高,在第24 h达到最大值,施硅处理显著高于不施硅处理,是其1.44倍。说明硅能提高防御性关键酶的活性,参与水稻本身防卫机制,通过一系列的生理生化作用来增强水稻的抗性。 相似文献
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适宜钾浓度降低小麦蚜虫密度的生理代谢机理 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
【目的】从对植物基础代谢影响的角度,研究施钾降低麦株蚜虫密度的作用机理,为田间小麦蚜虫的生态调控提供科学依据。【方法】采用水培试验,设置5个钾水平（KCl 0.005、0.05、0.5、2、10 mmol/L）,每个钾水平均进行蚜虫侵染和不侵染处理,每个处理重复3次,并于麦株五叶一心时进行蚜虫侵染,将虫龄大小一致的成年无翅蚜虫接种在小麦的最新完全展开叶上,每株小麦用5头蚜虫侵染。然后,分别于蚜虫侵染4天和8天两个时间节点调查麦株蚜虫密度并取样,分析钾水平和蚜虫取食对小麦叶片游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量的影响。【结果】钾水平在0.005~0.5 mmol/L范围内,蚜虫侵染后第4天,单位干物质重的蚜虫密度随着钾水平的提高显著降低,进一步提高钾水平,蚜虫的群体密度差异并不显著;而在蚜虫侵染后第8天,蚜虫的群体密度随着钾水平的升高而显著降低。随着钾水平提高,未被蚜虫侵染的小麦植株其游离氨基酸含量呈降低趋势,而可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量则呈先升高后降低趋势;被蚜虫侵染的小麦植株其游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量的变化趋势不变,而可溶性糖含量则呈持续增加趋势。同一测定时间与不接虫处理相比,接虫处理随着钾水平的提高,蚜虫侵染诱导的游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量降低,而可溶性糖含量增加。两个时间节点相比,随时间推移,不接虫处理游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量的平均增幅分别为2.6%、18.1%、2.0%,而接虫处理上述指标平均增幅分别为67.3%、20.9%、22.9%,与不接虫处理相比,接虫处理麦株游离氨基酸和可溶性糖含量增幅较大。此外,蚜虫侵染诱导的游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量的增加量,都与相应时间节点的蚜虫群体密度显著或极显著相关,其中,接虫4天和接虫8天的相关系数分别为0.948、0.920、-0.908和0.944、0.985、-0.991。而组成型的可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量与相应时间节点蚜虫群体密度间相关性不显著,游离氨基酸含量却与之呈极显著正相关,接虫4和8天的相关系数分别为0.995和0.944。【结论】提高钾水平可能通过降低小麦组成型游离氨基酸的含量,降低蚜虫取食诱导型游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白积累,提高诱导型可溶性糖的积累,共同降低麦长管蚜密度。 相似文献
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不同氮形态和氮水平对水田与旱地烤烟烟叶糖含量及相关酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用田间小区试验,研究了硝态氮和铵态氮两种氮肥形态和5个施氮水平对水田与旱地烤烟在团棵期、旺长期、脚叶采烤期、腰叶采烤期和顶叶采烤期烟叶中可溶性总糖、蔗糖、果糖含量,蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）和蔗糖合成酶（SS）活性的变化动态及烤后烟叶中可溶性总糖、总氮和烟碱的浓度的影响。结果表明,当施用硝态氮和铵态氮后,水田与旱地施氮量分别在0～120和0～112.5 kg/hm2范围内均能明显提高烤烟烟叶中的可溶性总糖、蔗糖和果糖含量;硝态氮和铵态氮的肥效相当。水田烤烟在生育期内烟叶的糖分含量明显高于旱地烤烟。施用氮肥还能明显促进SS和SPS活性,加速烟叶中碳水化合物的代谢。烘烤后旱地烟叶中的可溶性总糖含量(332～383 mg/g,DW)显著高于水田烟叶的含量(305～342 mg/g,DW)。施用铵态氮,旱地与水田可溶性总糖含量（分别为366.5、331.3 mg/g,DW）,显著高于硝态氮处理（分别为358.9、317.2 mg/g,DW）;而旱地烤烟烟叶的总氮和烟碱浓度（12～16 mg/g,DW）却低于水田烟叶烟碱浓度(16～20 mg/g,DW);旱地烤烟烟叶的可溶性总糖/总氮或烟碱比值高于水田烟叶。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(21):3103-3119
Tropical legume cover crops are important components in cropping systems because of their role in improving soil quality. Information is limited on the influence of nitrogen (N) fertilization on growth of tropical legume cover crops grown on Oxisols. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of N fertilization with or without rhizobial inoculation on growth and shoot efficiency index of 10 important tropical cover crops. Nitrogen treatment were (i) 0 mg N kg?1 (control or N0), (ii) 0 mg N kg?1 + inoculation with Bradyrhizobial strains (N1), (iii) 100 mg N kg?1 + inoculation with Bradyrhizobial strains (N2), and (iv) 200 mg N kg?1 of soil (N3). The N?×?cover crops interactions were significant for shoot dry weight, root dry weight, maximal root length, and specific root length, indicating that cover crop performance varied with varying N rates and inoculation treatments. Shoot dry weight is considered an important growth trait in cover crops and, overall, maximal shoot dry weight was produced at 100 mg N kg?1 + inoculation treatment. Based on shoot dry-weight efficiency index, cover crops were classified as efficient, moderately efficient, and inefficient in N-use efficiency. Overall, the efficient cover crops were lablab, gray velvet bean, jack bean, and black velvet bean and inefficient cover crops were pueraria, calopo, crotalaria, smooth crotalaria, and showy crotalaria. Pigeonpea was classified as moderately efficient in producing shoot dry weight. 相似文献
13.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(12):1583-1604
Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume worldwide and nitrogen (N) is most yield limiting nutrients. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to evaluate response of 15 dry bean genotypes to nitrogen and rhizobial inoculation. The N and rhizobia treatments were (i) control (0 kg N ha?1), (ii) seed inoculation with rhizobia strains, (iii) seed inoculation with rhizobia strains + 50 kg N ha?1, and (iv) 120 kg N ha?1. Straw yield, grain yield, and yield components were significantly influenced by N and rhizobial treatments. Grain yield, straw yield, number of pods m?2, and grain harvest index were significantly influenced by year, nitrogen + rhizobium, and genotype treatments. Year × Nitrogen + rhizobium × genotype interactions were also significant for these traits. Hence, these traits varied among genotypes with the variation in year and nitrogen + rhizobium treatments. Inoculation with rhizobium alone did not produce maximum yield and fertilizer N is required in combination with inoculation. Based on grain yield efficiency index, genotypes were classified as efficient, moderately efficient, and inefficient in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). NUE defined as grain produced per unit N applied decreased with increasing N rate. Overall, NUE was 23.17 kg grain yield kg?1 N applied at 50 kg N ha?1 and 13.33 kg grain per kg N applied at 120 kg N ha?1. 相似文献
14.
为研究接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对玉米秸秆降解的影响,利用玉米秸秆为材料制成网袋,采用盆栽试验,以玉米(Zea mays L.)为宿主植物,分别接种Glomus intraradices和Glomus mosseae,于30,40,50,60d时收获后分析玉米秸秆降解量和C、N释放量,并运用Olson的指数模型Bt/B0=e-kt计算玉米秸秆及C、N的降解系数。数据表明,接种G.intraradices、G.mosseae显著提高了玉米秸秆降解量和降解系数,与不接种处理相比,分别高出5.21%,6.26%。C释放量、碳素降解系数也明显增加。接种处理减少了N释放量,且氮素降解系数随时间延长而下降。接种处理玉米秸秆的C、N降解系数不同直接反映了其降解速度的差异,进而影响了玉米秸秆的C/N,使秸秆更易于降解。研究结果显示出丛枝菌根真菌在生态系统氮循环中具有重要意义。 相似文献
15.
V. Damin P. C. O. Trivelin L. A. C. Moraes I. P. Bruno L. A. Figueiredo A. B. Lima 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2017,67(3):202-207
Recent studies have demonstrated that the use of glyphosate or glufosinate-ammonium herbicides for some cover crop desiccation in conservationist systems could favor nitrogen (N) losses from the soil–plant system. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the losses of N by the plant–soil system after the desiccation of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) with the application of herbicides glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium, or paraquat. Two greenhouse experiments were implemented using black oat plants fertilized with labeled (15N) ammonium nitrogen, and the N loss of the plant–soil system was quantified. The desiccation of black oat with glyphosate caused a reduction in root dry mass by approximately 60% in both experiments. The glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium reduced the amount of N present in the aboveground portion; however, the paraquat herbicide did not modify it. None of the herbicides applied affected N losses in the black oat plant–soil system. However, 5–15% of the N applied as fertilizer was lost up to harvest. The results suggest that black oat can be used as a cover crop in direct sowing in order to avoid nitrogen losses in the soil–plant system. 相似文献
16.
Rodrigo Luiz Neves Barros Leandro Barbosa de Oliveira Welliton Barros Magalhães Leonardo Oliveira Médici 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(6):774-781
Sowing nitrogen (N) fertilization can limit biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) reducing common bean yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sowing N fertilization plus inoculation on the growth and yield of plants in the two seasons of cultivation in Brazil. In the dry season, N fertilization and inoculation promoted a greater shoot dry weight and higher pod number and yield than only inoculated. In contrast, in the rainy season, this treatment promoted no increase in shoot dry weight and yield compared with the inoculated alone. The number of nodules was greater for the inoculated alone treatment, but nodule weight was not affected by N fertilization in either season. Therefore, sowing N fertilization and inoculation can be an agronomic practice to achieve a higher common bean yield in the dry season, while in the rainy season, the inoculation without N fertilization can support a high yield at a lower cost. 相似文献
17.
长期不同施肥下黑土和红壤团聚体氮库分布特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为阐明长期不同施肥下土壤氮库的演变特征,揭示氮库稳定性不同的团聚体对不同施肥的响应,为化肥和有机物的合理施用提供科学依据。本研究通过对黑土和红壤22年的田间肥料定位试验,研究了长期不同施肥模式对土壤全氮、 微生物氮以及各级团聚体中氮贡献率的影响。结果表明,长期不施肥（CK）和施用化肥（NPK）,黑土土壤全氮含量以0.015 g/(kga)的速率显著下降（P 0.05）;而长期化肥配施有机肥（NPKM）,黑土全氮含量以0.025 g/(kga) 的速率显著上升（P 0.05）。在CK、 NPK、 NPKM和秸秆还田（NPKS）处理下,红壤全氮含量均没有显著变化。施肥22年后,NPKM处理下黑土和红壤微生物氮含量较NPK处理下分别增加了15% 和 43%,全氮含量分别增加了43% 和45%,差异均达到显著水平（P 0.05）。氮素在黑土上主要积累在253 m 微团聚体中,达到0.73~1.21 g/kg,在红壤上主要积累在2 m 微团聚体中,达到0.46~0.98 g/kg。与NPK相比,NPKM 处理下黑土和红壤 250~2000 m大团聚体中氮素贡献率均显著提高,分别增加了4.3% 和 5.1%。与NPK相比,NPKM 和 NPKS 处理下,红壤 253 m 微团聚体中氮贡献率分别降低了5.9% 和 9.7%,而黑土除大团聚体外的各级团聚体氮贡献率均没有显著变化。可见,不同土壤类型对施肥响应不同, 主要是253 m 微团聚体中氮素的响应不同,化肥配施有机肥可提高土壤250~2000 m 大团聚体中氮的贡献率,进而增加土壤对作物的氮素供给能力,是有助于提高土壤肥力和生产力的农业生产可持续性施肥模式。 相似文献
18.
生活垃圾堆肥过程中有机态氮形态的动态变化 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
利用接种不同外源微生物进行城市生活垃圾的堆肥试验,研究在堆肥过程中不同形态有机态氮组分的变化规律。结果表明,随着堆肥的进行,全氮与酸水解性氮含量均呈下降的趋势,其中外源微生物处理能加速全氮与酸水解性氮含量的降低,但至堆肥结束时,与不加外源微生物处理相比,并没有引起氮素的损失。氨基酸态氮含量则呈现先降低后增加的趋势,堆肥结束时,外源微生物处理氨基酸态氮含量明显高于不加微生物处理,表明外源微生物处理可促进氨基酸态的形成;酰胺态氮与氨基糖态氮含量有相同的变化趋势,各处理都是在堆肥的升温期、高温期增加,随着堆肥温度的下降而降低,在堆肥的腐熟阶段,则呈现较为平稳的走势。但相对于堆肥的不同时期,由于处理不同,酰胺态氮与氨基糖态氮含量有明显的差异,其中外源微生物处理酰胺态氮含量明显低于不加微生物处理,而氨基糖态氮则相反。 相似文献
19.
Ertan Yildirim Metin Turan Atilla Dursun Raziye Kul Fazilet Parlakova Karagoz 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(19):2245-2260
Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of seed and seedling inoculation by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on nitrogen use efficiency, growth, yield, and chemical composition of cabbage at varying levels of nitrogen (N). Data revealed that N alone or in combination with PGPR either as seed or seedling inoculation significantly improved growth, yield, and nutrients of cabbage. PGPR inoculations were more efficient than non-inoculated controls in terms of yield and yield parameters. This study showed that seed and seedling inoculation increased yield and yield parameters as well as chlorophyll reading value and stomatal conductance versus controls. Applications of mineral fertilizers with microbial applications save 25% of mineral fertilizers yet give 33% more yield versus full doses of mineral application without microbial applications. Both seed and seedling treatments increased the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) rates by 45, 53, 58, 45, and 40%, and 49, 59, 68, 69, 60, and 55%, respectively. 相似文献
20.
Monowar Karim Khan Kazunori Sakamoto Tomio Yoshida 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):769-779
Abstract The response of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi (Glomus etunicatum) and Bradyrhizobiurn sp. was studied in pots by the acetylene reduction activity (ARA) and ‘A-value’ methods. The soil used was a Light-coloured Andosol and the treatments consisted of the inoculation of VAM fungi only, inoculation of Bradyrhizobium only, dual inoculation of VAM fungi and Bradyrhizobium and control, under non-sterilized and sterilized soil conditions. In the non-sterilized soil the ARA and nitrogen fixation determined by the ‘A-value’ method increased significantly only by dual inoculation of VAM fungi and Bradyrhizobium at 100 days after planting (DAP), but no significant difference was observed at 70 DAP. In the case of dual inoculation, 75% of the nitrogen of the plant was derived from fixation whereas the plants inoculated only with Bradyrhizobium derived 68% of their nitrogen from fixation and the control plants, 64%. Amount of P in plant increased significantly only by dual inoculation with VAM fungi and Bradyrhizobium. In the sterilized soil a highly significant increase in the ARA was observed of the dual inoculation at all the sampling times. Nitrogen fixation determined by the A-value technique and N and P contents in plant also increased significantly by dual inoculation. Results obtained by the A-value method showed that plants with dual inoculation derived 68% of their nitrogen from fixation while the plants inoculated only with Bradyrhizobium, 38%. From our this study we conclude that nitrogen fixation as well as N and P contents in peanut increased significantly only by dual inoculation with VAM fungi and Bradyrhizobium. 相似文献