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1.
The genus Lesquerella is a promising source of hydroxy fatty acids (HFA). Several species such as Lesquerella fendleri and Lesquerella mendocina are candidate crops for arid and semi-arid cropping systems. Several reports are available on the environmental effects on growth and yield in Lesquerella, but information on the effect of temperature on plant growth and development specifically during the reproductive period in Lesquerella is limited. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of two contrasting thermal regimes after flowering on time to maturity, plant growth and biomass allocation to the different organs in L. fendleri and L. mendocina. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with plants grown at a range of 11–23 °C during the vegetative phase. After this stage, 50% of the plants of each species remained under the same temperature regime until maturity, whereas the other 50% was transferred to another module subjected to a range of 17–31 °C until maturity. The duration of the reproductive phase was reduced by 23 days in plants of both species in the 17–31 °C treatment compared to those at 11–23 °C, although no differences were observed when the length of the reproductive phase was measured in thermal-time units. Total plant biomass for both species was 20% greater in the 11–23 °C treatment. In L. fendleri, this increment occurred due to more vegetative shoot biomass, whereas in L. mendocina it was associated with greater reproductive and root biomass. No changes in biomass allocation were produced by temperature in L. fendleri, while in L. mendocina the lower temperature regime increased allocation to the reproductive organs, at the expense of a lower allocation to vegetative shoot. These results could be used to predict the specific temperature effects after flowering on yield under field conditions, and suggest that L. mendocina might be a promising perennial alternative for cooler sites.  相似文献   

2.
为充分利用山胡椒的果、茎、叶,本研究通过GC-MS方法比较它们的化学组成差异,综合评价各自的特点,以期为拓宽山胡椒的应用提供依据。对采自云南怒江州3个地区山胡椒的果、茎、叶均采用二氯甲烷超声进行提取相应挥发性成分,通过GC-MS分析比较二氯甲烷提取物中各挥发物成分的含量差异,以期发现具有潜在应用价值的化学成分。结果发现,不同地区的山胡椒所含挥发物种类和含量均有差异,同地区山胡椒的不同部位之间所含挥发物种类和含量差别大。亚坪山胡椒的果、茎、叶中存在挥发物种类更多、更为丰富,各含有254、66、60个挥发物,金顶山胡椒的果、茎、叶中各含有192、60、76个挥发性化合物,姚家坪山胡椒的果茎叶各含有251、43、55个挥发物;3个地区山胡椒的果实间共同挥发物有43个,茎之间的共同挥发物有21个,叶之间的共同挥发物有24个。山胡椒的果实中醛类含量最多,其次含量较多的是有机酸类化合物;茎中多数为酯类化合物,其次是烷烃类化合物,叶片中多数为烷烃类、烯烃类化合物。在金顶和亚坪地区的山胡椒中,棕榈酸、正癸酸、月桂酸、油酸和亚油酸含量较高;在姚家坪地区的山胡椒中,4,8-dimethyl-3,7-nonadien-2-ol、epoxy-linalooloxide、geranic acid、(Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛、2-甲基-5-(1-甲基乙烯基)环己酮、3-甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮这几种物质含量较高。上述物质在化工、医药等领域都有较大应用,3个地区山胡椒不同部位化学成分及含量的差别会导致其在应用上存在差别,该研究将为云南怒江州不同地区山胡椒果茎叶的开发利用提供一定科学依据。  相似文献   

3.
The purpose of this work is to provide a complete study of the influence of several operational parameters on the aqueous extraction of β-glucan from barley, and to find an optimal combination of factors that maximize the extraction yield. Temperature, pH, extraction time, particle size, stirring rate and solvent:flour ratio were identified as the critical factors affecting the extraction process. Preliminary experiments were useful to set the extraction temperature at 55 °C (maximum extractability of β-glucan below gelatinization temperature of starch), and pH close to neutrality. In order to determine the optimal combination of the other four factors, a Taguchi experimental design approach was used: four variables (three levels) in L9 orthogonal array. Nine different trials were conducted in duplicate for two different waxy barley cultivars: D24 (hulled; 6.02% β-glucan) and H13 (hulless; 4.64% β-glucan). The optimal conditions obtained from the signal to noise ratio analysis were: particle size, 100 μm; solvent:flour ratio equal to 5; stirring rate, 1000 rpm and extraction time, 3 h. The confirmatory experiment conducted with the optimal conditions provided an extraction yield of 73.4 ± 1.2% for D24 and 62.3 ± 1.8% for H13, corresponding to the maximum and showing that these conditions are valid regardless the composition of the used barley.  相似文献   

4.
为了充分利用油茶资源,以油茶饼粕为试材,通过提取剂筛选和均匀试验设计等优化提取条件,采前1 d喷施粗提液,观察其对火龙果采后贮藏品质的影响。研究表明：油茶饼粕最佳提取条件为是1 g饼粕15 mL 85%甲醇料液比在75 ℃下超声波辅助提取2 h,提取2次。采前喷施粗提液可显著提高火龙果采收时果皮色泽b *和果实抗坏血酸含量（P<0.05）,显著降低果皮硬度、果肉黏度、TSS（总可溶性固形物）及还原糖含量（P<0.05）;采前喷施粗提液显著延缓贮藏期间火龙果果肉黏度的急剧增加（P<0.05）,维持果皮亮度L *、b *、果肉硬度、TSS及抗坏血酸含量,从而延缓霉烂指数的升高,维持火龙果的品质。  相似文献   

5.
Baseline responses to a range of pesticides scheduled for the statutory eradication of outbreaks of Liriomyza trifolii, a leaf miner alien to the UK, were established using a topical application bioassay against a susceptible laboratory population. Using the same technique the responses of outbreak populations of L. trifolii, and also the related species L. huidobrensis, have been investigated. Field populations of L. trifolii showed resistance to the pyrethroids tested but no evidence of resistance to organophosphates was found. There was some evidence of resistance to gamma-HCH. L. huidobrensis showed a response to pyrethroids similar to that of resistant L. trifolii, and levels of tolerance to organophosphates approximately eight times that of susceptible L. trifolii. The response to gamma-HCH was similar to that of susceptible L. trifolii.  相似文献   

6.
Grape cane waste was investigated as a potential source of high-value phytochemicals with medicinal and anti-phytopathogenic applications. Extraction yields of trans-resveratrol and trans--viniferin from Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir grape cane were 3.45 ± 0.04 and 1.30 ± 0.07 mg g−1 dw, respectively. The analyte extraction efficiencies were investigated using protic and aprotic solvents. Yields varied 22-fold over the range of solvent systems investigated, demonstrating the importance in solvent polarity and hydrogen bonding capability for efficient extractions. The current study suggests that these compounds can be quantitatively extracted from grape cane residue using low-cost, environmentally benign, and non-toxic aqueous alcoholic solvent systems such as ethanol:water mixtures. With current commercial values of trans-resveratrol and trans--viniferin between US$ 2000 and US$ 3000 per kg, established stilbene yields from cane waste could represent an agricultural coproduct valued at US$ 2000–US$ 3000 per hectare of production. At present levels of worldwide wine grape production, the extraction of trans-resveratrol and trans--viniferin from grape cane waste may reach a global economic value of >$30 billion.  相似文献   

7.
张顺  黄苇 《热带作物学报》2019,40(12):2505-2511
以西番莲果皮为对象,研究酿酒酵母菌、乳酸菌二步发酵工艺,制备乳酸菌和酿酒酵母菌活菌数高、多酚保留好、风味醇和的果皮浆。通过单因素和正交优化实验,以酿酒酵母菌和乳酸菌活菌数、总酚、乙醇生成量为指标,分别优选了单一乳酸菌和酿酒酵母菌发酵的工艺参数,在此基础上,通过测定总酸含量、活菌数、总酚含量等指标的变化,确定二步法发酵西番莲果皮浆的工艺参数为：发酵总时间40 h,酿酒酵母菌初始接种量1.5%,在29 ℃下发酵16 h后,再接入2.0%复合乳杆菌（干酪乳杆菌∶植物乳杆菌=1∶1）,在37 ℃下继续发酵24 h至终点。制备的西番莲果皮发酵液中,复合乳杆菌活菌数为8.93 lg CFU/mL,酿酒酵母菌活菌数为7.78 lg CFU/mL,总酚含量为24.00 μg/mL,总酸含量为4.40 mg/mL。二步发酵法发挥了酿酒酵母菌产香、产乙醇抑制杂菌,以及乳酸菌提高酸度、保留多酚物质的优点。  相似文献   

8.
The influences of such parameters as percentage of ethanol in solvent, solid–liquid weight ratio and pH of medium on the protopine extraction from Fumaria officinalis particles with mean radius of 0.4–0.5 mm was studied. A mathematical model, describing the importance of each parameter on the extraction of protopine with pseudo-second-order kinetics was proposed and the results were discussed. A numerical solution was obtained, which was compared with the experimental data for the increase in protopine concentration in the liquid phase. A satisfactory fit with experimental data was observed.  相似文献   

9.
为了分析香水莲花的植物甾醇含量并优化其超声提取工艺,采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定香水莲花中菜籽甾醇、菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇的含量,再以上述3种甾醇提取量为评价指标,对液料比、超声提取温度和超声提取时间进行单因素试验,在此基础上,再采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化香水莲花甾醇提取工艺并进行验证。结果表明,影响香水莲花甾醇提取量的主次因素是液料比>提取时间>提取温度,其最优工艺条件为以95%乙醇为提取溶剂、超声功率100 W、液料比30∶1（mL/g）、超声提取温度60 ℃、超声提取时间30 min;在最优工艺条件下进行验证实验,得出香水莲花中甾醇含量为菜籽甾醇64.61 mg/100 g、菜油甾醇40.77 mg/100 g、β-谷甾醇99.04 mg/100 g,总甾醇204.42 mg/100 g,综合评分与预测值相比差异不显著（P<0.05）。研究结果为香水莲花资源的开发和利用提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
该研究以人参籽为原料,采用超临界CO2流体技术萃取人参籽油,通过正交试验优化了萃取人参籽油工艺参数,再将其与通过冷榨法及溶剂法提取的人参籽油进行对比,测定和比较了不同工艺制取的人参籽油的脂肪酸组成。试验结果表明,在萃取压力26MPa、萃取温度50℃、萃取时间2 h工艺条件下,人参籽油得率为16.2%。经检测,人参籽油脂肪酸组成为不饱和脂肪酸占99%以上,其中油酸含量极高,可达73.93%。通过不同制取方法所得到的人参籽油的脂肪酸组成分析表明,超临界CO2萃取法与溶剂萃取法所提取人参籽油的脂肪酸明显多于压榨法的脂肪酸成分;且超临界CO2萃取法具有无有机化学试剂残留的明显优势,因此,是未来人参籽油提取中可以应用的一种绿色环保的提取工艺和技术。  相似文献   

11.
为探究不同提取方法对黑胡椒挥发性成分的影响,本研究以黑胡椒为材料,利用顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）、戊烷:乙醚（1:1）溶剂萃取法和甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）溶剂萃取法对黑胡椒中的香气成分进行提取,结合气相色谱质谱联用法（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry）和主成分分析法（PCA）对提取的香气物质进行分析。3种提取方法共得到6类（烯类、醇类、酚类、烃类、崁类、烯类氧化物）33种物质。戊烷:乙醚（1:1）溶剂萃取法、MTBE溶剂萃取法及顶空固相微萃取法分别检测到25、23、27种挥发性化合物,其中,相对含量较高的化合物均为3-蒈烯、柠檬烯、β-石竹烯、β-蒎烯。2种溶剂萃取法中,戊烷:乙醚（1:1）溶剂萃取法检测到的特有化合物有α-松油烯、α-松油醇、β-金合欢烯;与2种溶剂萃取法相比,顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）检测到的特有化合物有樟脑、4-萜烯醇、2-(4-甲基苯基)丙-2-醇、橙花醇、香树烯、β-甜没药烯和愈创兰油烃。结合主成分分析得出,β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、柠檬烯、β-石竹烯对黑胡椒香气风味贡献率较大,其中顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）与2种溶剂萃取法所得成分差异明显。在溶剂萃取法中,戊烷:乙醚（1:1）溶剂萃取法优于MTBE溶剂萃取法。溶剂萃取法与顶空固相微萃取法所得物质在种类与数量上均存在差异。在胡椒香气物质检测时,将2种方法相结合可以更大程度保证所得化合物种类的丰富性和全面性。  相似文献   

12.
Studies on the mechanisms of resistance of some rice cultivars and the weed, Leersia hexandra, to Nephotettix malayanus indicated low survival and popu;ation growth of the insect on resistant cultivars. Tests on feeding behaviour indicated that more feeding punctures were made on resistant than on susceptible cultivars. The amount of honeydew excreted was not related to the levels of resistance. Honeydew excreted on resistant cultivars was acidic (pH 5·08–6·92) and on susceptible L. hexandra, basic (pH 7·56). On the basis of the quality of honeydew excreted, N. malayanus was considered to be predominantly a xylem feeder. A test on the serial transmission of the rice tungro virus (RTV) showed that N. malayanus transmitted the virus for only one day after feeding acquisition. N. virescens was a more efficient vector of RTV than N. malayanus. N. malayanus prefers to feed on L. hexandra rather than on the rice cultivars tested.  相似文献   

13.
为深入研究亚热带地区薰衣草无性繁殖方法,验证在南方地区建立薰衣草育苗基地的可行性,在南宁地区研究了不同基质、枝条部位、IBA浓度和处理时间对齿叶薰衣草、甜薰衣草和羽叶薰衣草扦插成活效果的影响。结果显示,甜薰衣草扦插成活效果要显著优于齿叶薰衣草和羽叶薰衣草,河沙和珍珠岩可作为薰衣草的扦插基质,枝条中部作插穗成活效果更佳,而IBA处理浓度和时间对不同薰衣草扦插成活效果的影响差异较大。综合分析表明,齿叶薰衣草最佳扦插条件为枝条中部+河沙基质+1000 mg/L的IBA处理60 s,甜薰衣草为枝条中部+珍珠岩基质+1000 mg/L的IBA处理30 s,羽叶薰衣草为枝条基部+河沙基质+500 mg/L的IBA处理15 s。本研究表明在南宁地区进行3种薰衣草的扦插育苗是可行的。  相似文献   

14.
油菜黑胫病是由Leptosphaeria biglobosa引起的一种真菌病害。这种病害在我国油菜产区广泛发生,并造成一定的经济损失。为通过获取突变体来研究L. biglobosa的生态适应性机制及致病机制,本文优化了影响农杆菌介导转化（ATMT）油菜黑胫病菌L. biglobosa菌株Lb731的因素,评估转化子质量,并筛选相关突变体。结果明确了农杆菌介导转化菌株Lb731的最佳因素：潮霉素B浓度为50 μg/mL,转化受体（分生孢子）培养时间为15 d (20℃),浓度为2 × 107~8孢子/mL,农杆菌-受体共培养温度为25℃,共培养时间为72 h。在最适条件下的转化效率达到80个转化子/百万分生孢子。T-DNA插入基因组的频率为100%,单拷贝插入频率为72.7%,转化子抗潮霉素性状能稳定遗传。从2136个转化子中获得了11个菌丝生长减缓突变体,7个色素产生缺陷突变体和14个分生孢子产生缺陷突变体,并从这些突变体中鉴定出7个致病力丧失突变体。采用hiTAIL-PCR技术,从3个突变体中获得了T-DNA插入位点侧翼序列。上述结果为深入研究L. biglobosa的生态适应性机制及致病机制提供了材料和线索。  相似文献   

15.
Crude dihydroxystearic acid was prepared from palm based oleic acid and was then solvent purified with isopropyl alcohol in a custom fabricated simultaneous batch crystallizer unit. The crystallized dihydroxystearic acid was a functional ingredient that acted as multipurpose intermediate for synthesis of various fine chemicals, cosmetics and personal care products. The effects of solvent quantity and concentration on particle size distribution, crystal habit and morphology, and resultant crystal purity were studied. The crystals were purer but smaller and the span of the distribution curve was wider at higher solvent quantity and concentration. Through scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, it was observed that the crystals agglomerated into plate-like (flaky) habit with triclinic crystal structure. Solvent crystallization with 80% IPA at 20 °C and solute:solvent ratio of 1.0:1.0 was the most optimized and efficient, producing β-DHSA crystals that has high resistance against fat exudation during vacuum filtration process.  相似文献   

16.
Mechanochemical-assisted extraction (MCAE) method was developed for extraction of flavonoids and terpene trilactones from Ginkgo leaves. The MCAE parameters and the antioxidant activities of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) were investigated. Through response surface methodology design experiments, the processing conditions were optimized as follows: amount of solid reagent (NaHCO3) 21%, milling time 7.5 min, and ratio of solvent to solid 33 mL/g. Under these conditions, the yields of flavonoids and terpene trilactones in GBE were 6.83 mg/g and 1.72 mg/g, respectively. Compared with the heat reflux extraction method, the yields of flavonoids and terpene trilactones are higher, and the extraction time was significantly shortened. What is more, the MCAE method only used water as solvent. GBE of MCAE possessed notable antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 11.7 and 13.8 μg/mL, respectively.  相似文献   

17.
为提高澳洲坚果油提取得率并获得高品质油脂,采用超声波辅助法提取澳洲坚果油,并分析提取油脂的理化性质。首先通过单因素实验考察了提取溶剂、超声功率、超声时间以及液料比对提取率的影响,然后通过响应面法优化了提取工艺参数。结果表明,正己烷对澳洲坚果油提取率较高;适当增加超声波功率、超声时间以及溶剂量,澳洲坚果油得率均随之增加;通过响应面优化,超声波辅助提取澳洲坚果油的最佳提取条件为：液料比为9.6∶1（mL/g）,超声功率为520 W,超声时间为32 min,澳洲坚果油得率达69.1%,2次提取总得率达96.3%。研究结果表明超声波辅助提取是一种有效的油脂提取方法,从脂肪酸成分比例及理化性质来看,澳洲坚果油营养价值较高。  相似文献   

18.
Brazilian castor bean (Ricinus communis L) crops have expanded towards semiarid lands, in which soil salinity is an important factor limiting plant development. In order to evaluate the effects of salt stress on leaf gas exchange, pigments, and dry matter accumulation of seedlings, seeds of castor bean var. BRS Nordestina were planted in 15-L pots filled with 13 kg of soil (control) or with soil plus 2 g NaCl kg−1 soil corresponding to 30 mM NaCl (salt treatment). Seedlings were grown under greenhouse conditions and the effects of salinity were assessed by measuring physiological parameters at 38 and 59 days after germination. Salt treatment induced decreases in leaf water potential at pre-dawn (ψpd, 42%), stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs, 36%), and net carbon assimilation rate (A, 24%) only at 38 days after germination. At the same time, the values for transpiration rate were unchanged and the hydraulic conductance was increased (34%). After 59 days under hypersalinity, leaf ψpd increased to −0.44 MPa, although gs, A, transpiration rate, and hydraulic conductance were not different between treatments. Salt stress effects on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a + b contents were evident only on experimental day 59. The dry matter accumulation of leaves, roots and stems, as well as the total dry matter, and the root to above ground ratio increased with plant growth in both treatments, however, these parameters were lowered in salt-stressed seedlings. In short, all physiological variables were more drastically affected after 38 days under high salinity, and despite acclimatization of A after 59 days exposure to salt, no recovery of the dry matter accumulation was observed in the seedlings, suggesting that this species does not tolerate salt stress at its initial growth stages.  相似文献   

19.
采用Box-Behnken响应面设计优化亚临界萃取菜籽低温压榨饼中油脂的工艺，并将所得油的品质与正已烷、超临界CO2萃取油进行比较。结果表明：液料比和萃取时间对油脂提取率的影响极显著(p<0.01)；液料比与萃取时间存在显著的交互作用（p<0.05）；经优化后，在35℃下，设定液料比为8.3 mL/g，萃取90 min，菜籽油的提取率最高达95.10%。通过亚临界萃取得到的菜籽油磷含量为113.20mg/kg，约为正已烷萃取菜籽油(磷含量232.48mg/kg)的一半，油脂酸价与过氧化值都较正已烷萃取菜籽油低；亚临界萃取的菜籽油除磷含量与超临界萃取菜籽油差异显著外，其它品质指标，如酸价、过氧化值、甾醇及生育酚含量均与超临界萃取油差异不明显。  相似文献   

20.
Natural dye extracts were obtained by extraction from Punica granatum L. using water as an extractant at 90 °C for 90 min with various liquor ratios (solid Punica granatum L.(wt.): solvent water(wt.); 1:100–1:5). Dyeing was carried out using a 1:50 dyeing bath ratio at 80 °C for 60 min by exhaustion method. This study focused on the effect of liquor ratio on dyeing properties and deodorizing/antibacterial performance of various fabrics (cotton, silk and wool) dyed with Punica granatum L. extract without mordants. The optimum liquor ratio was found to be 1:10. By IR, UV-visible spectroscopies and HPLC analysis, the main component in Punica granatum L. extract and the yellow colorant component were found to be ellagic acid. By GC/MS analysis, the major volatile components of pristine Punica granatum L. powder were found to be acetic acid (area: 25.84 %), ethanol (area: 17.97 %), acetoin (area: 13.11 %), acetaldehyde (area: 8.96 %), isobutanal (area: 4.90 %). All dyed fabrics (cotton, silk and wool fabrics) displayed outstanding deodorizing performance (99 %) against ammonia gas and excellent antibacterial performance (bacteriostatic reduction rate: 99.9 %) against Staphylococcu aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.  相似文献   

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