共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Beyond Lyme: aetiology of tick-borne human diseases with emphasis on the south-eastern United States
Since its emergence in the north-eastern and upper mid-western United States in the 1970s, Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, has captured the public's attention as the nation's most prevalent vector-borne zoonotic disease. In contrast, recent publications on tick-pathogen systems in the eastern United States, and findings from Department of Defense investigations of ticks found biting military personnel, indicate that residents of the south-eastern United States are primarily at risk from emerging diseases caused by tick-borne pathogens other than B.?burgdorferi. The risk of contracting these diseases varies greatly among states as a consequence of regional variation in the abundance of the key vector tick species. Moreover, this risk is changing, because tick distributions are in flux. To improve health outcomes, health providers need better information and awareness regarding which tick species bite humans in each state and which zoonotic pathogens are prevalent in these ticks. Effective diagnosis, treatment, control and reporting of tick-borne disease in the south-eastern United States require that health providers think 'beyond Lyme' and consider the marked regional differences in the tick species that bite humans and in the pathogens that these ticks carry. 相似文献
2.
3.
Companion animals are increasingly brought along by their owners to foreign countries. Thus, small animal travel medicine is becoming more important. The field includes both prophylaxis and metaphylaxis against various infectious diseases, as well as their diagnosis and treatment. Dogs returning from Southern Europe, but also from more tropical regions, may be infected with exotic pathogens. In addition, imported pedigree or working dogs, and especially stray dogs imported through welfare organisations, are at high risk.The present overview summarises the clinical and practical aspects of exotic parasitic diseases that may affect such dogs, and the risk of such diseases becoming autochthonously transmitted in Switzerland. Furthermore, the zoonotic potential of these infections will be considered. 相似文献
4.
ABSTRACT: West Nile virus (WNV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, a large family with 3 main genera (flavivirus, hepacivirus and pestivirus). Among these viruses, there are several globally relevant human pathogens including the mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV), as well as tick-borne viruses such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Since the mid-1990s, outbreaks of WN fever and encephalitis have occurred throughout the world and WNV is now endemic in Africa, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe and the Unites States. This review describes the molecular virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and highlights recent progress regarding diagnosis and vaccination against WNV infections. 相似文献
5.
Gary AT Webb JA Hegarty BC Breitschwerdt EB 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2006,47(12):1194-1200
Infectious diseases caused by pathogens transmitted by ticks and other insect vectors are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in both dogs and humans throughout North America. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of selected vector-transmitted pathogens in southern Ontario and Quebec. Samples submitted to the Vector Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (VBDDL) at the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine were evaluated for antibodies to Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia canis, Bartonella henselae, Borrelia burgdorferi, Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii, and Rickettsia rickettsii. Information regarding breed and the city or province from which the sample originated was recorded; however, travel history was unknown for the majority of dogs. Overall seroprevalence to these tick-borne pathogens in southern Ontario and Quebec is low compared with most regions of the United States, suggesting that veterinarians in this region of Canada should pursue diagnostic evidence of infection in dogs with a travel history or prior residence in areas endemic for exposure to tick-borne infections. 相似文献
6.
Gerhard Dobler 《Veterinary microbiology》2010,140(3-4):221-228
Tick-borne flaviviruses are among the medically most important arboviruses in Europe and Asia. Tick-borne encephalitis causes between 10,000 and 15,000 human cases every year in both continents. Besides this disease there are several other tick-borne flaviviruses which may be of local medical importance, and which are less known, but may be important as differential diagnosis. Among them are louping-ill disease which is present mainly on the British Islands, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, which is prevalent in parts of Russia, Kyasanur Forest Disease, which is distributed in parts of India, Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever, occurring in Saudi Arabia, Powassan encephalitis, which is known to be the only tick-borne flavivirus of human pathogenicity so far detected in North America and some other flaviviruses. Most of these viruses are also more or less important for veterinary medicine. Several other tick-borne flaviviruses so far have neither been associated with human nor animal diseases, and their potential pathogenicity for humans and animals is unknown. Changes in human behaviour, land use, or climate may change the actual geographical distribution and transmission intensity so that tick-borne flaviviruses are potential winners of the changing environment and may increase in medical and veterinary importance. 相似文献
7.
Yoshii K Mottate K Omori-Urabe Y Chiba Y Seto T Sanada T Maeda J Obara M Ando S Ito N Sugiyama M Sato H Fukushima H Kariwa H Takashima I 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(3):409-412
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic agent causing severe encephalitis in humans. Rodent species that are potential hosts for TBEV are widely distributed in various regions in Japan. In this study, we carried out large-scale epizootiological surveys in rodents from various areas of Japan. A total of 931 rodent and insectivore sera were collected from field surveys. Rodents seropositive for TBEV were found in Shimane Prefecture in Honshu and in several areas of Hokkaido Prefecture. These results emphasize the need for further epizootiological and epidemiological research of TBEV and preventive measures for emerging tick-borne encephalitis in Japan. 相似文献
8.
Tick-borne diseases are a constraint to livestock production in many developing countries as they cause high morbidity and mortality, which results in decreased production of meat, milk and other livestock by-products. The most important tick-borne diseases of livestock in sub-Saharan Africa are East Coast fever (caused by Theileria parva), babesiosis (caused by Babesia bigemina and B. bovis), anaplasmosis (caused by Anaplasma marginale) and heartwater (caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium). Despite their economic importance, information on the epidemiology of these diseases in many countries, including Zambia, is often inadequate, making rational disease control strategies difficult to implement. In this study 18S and 16S rRNA gene PCR assays were used for a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of tick-borne disease of cattle in three provinces of Zambia (Lusaka, Central and Eastern). All the disease pathogens under study (T. parva, T. mutans, T. taurotragi, B. bovis, B. bigemina, Anaplasma spp and E. ruminantium) were prevalent in each of the provinces surveyed. However, variation was observed in prevalence between regions and seasons. There was no association between live vaccination against East Coast fever and being PCR positive for T. parva. A number of risk factors were shown to be associated with (a) the occurrence of tick-borne pathogens in cattle and (b) cattle tick burdens in the wet season. A negative association was observed between the number of co-infecting pathogens and the erythrocyte packed cell volume (PCV) of carrier cattle. 相似文献
9.
野鸟传播的重要传染病研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
野鸟在迁徙和飞行过程中,因能携带和散播多种病原体,在公共卫生学方面具有重要的意义.通过野鸟能潜在性传播人和动物的重要传染病,包括禽类疫病(禽流感、新城疫、禽痘、禽肺病毒感染、禽分支杆菌感染和鸭瘟)和其他重要疫病(口蹄疫、衣原体病、日本脑炎、莱姆病、西尼罗病毒感染、博尔纳病、Q热、东方马脑炎及致病菌感染),由此应对野鸟传播的疫病予以必要的重视和警惕,并提出有效的防范措施. 相似文献
10.
11.
Siembieda JL Kock RA McCracken TA Newman SH 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2011,12(1):95-111
This paper identifies some of the more important diseases at the wildlife-livestock interface and the role wildlife plays in disease transmission. Domestic livestock, wildlife and humans share many similar pathogens. Pathogens of wild or domestic animal origin that can cause infections in humans are known as zoonotic organisms and the converse are termed as anthroponotic organisms. Seventy-seven percent of livestock pathogens and 91% of domestic carnivore pathogens are known to infect multiple hosts, including wildlife. Understanding this group of pathogens is critical to public health safety, because they infect a wide range of hosts and are most likely to emerge as novel causes of infection in humans and domestic animals. Diseases at the wildlife-livestock interface, particularly those that are zoonotic, must be an area of focus for public health programs and surveillance for emerging infectious diseases. Additionally, understanding wildlife and their role is a vital part of understanding the epidemiology and ecology of diseases. To do this, a multi-faceted approach combining capacity building and training, wildlife disease surveillance, wildlife-livestock interface and disease ecology studies, data and information sharing and outbreak investigation are needed. 相似文献
12.
Waner T Harrus S Jongejan F Bark H Keysary A Cornelissen AW 《Veterinary parasitology》2001,95(1):1-15
Dogs are susceptible to a number of ehrlichial diseases. Among them, canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is an important and potentially fatal disease of dogs caused by the rickettsia Ehrlichia canis. Diagnosis of the disease relies heavily on the detection of antibodies and is usually carried out using the indirect immunofluoresence antibody (IFA) test. The IFA test may be confounded by cross-reactivities between a number of the canine ehrlichial pathogens. This article presents a review of the ehrlichial diseases affecting dogs with reference to their immune responses, host specificities, cross-reactivites and diagnosis. Diagnostic means such as Western immunblot, dot-blot and PCR are discussed. The use of the IFA test as a diagnostic means for E. canis is presented along with its potential pitfalls. The review emphasizes that the disease process, cross-reactivites with other ehrlichial species, multiple tick-borne infections and persistent IFA antibody titers post-treatment, should all be considered when interpreting E. canis serological results. 相似文献
13.
Marsilio F Di Martino B Di Francesco CE Meridiani I 《Veterinary research communications》2005,29(Z1):99-106
Ovine enzootic abortion is an infectious and contagious disease clinically characterized by abortion and weak neonates, affecting sheep and goats. The etiological agent is Chlamydophila (C.) abortus, which is considered one of the most common animal pathogens of small ruminants; it has important economic implications and represents a significant zoonotic risk. Clinical diagnosis is often difficult because the clinical signs and the pathological lesions are not specific for C. abortus infection, in fact they can also be observed as a result of infections with other abortifacient agents. Moreover, the involvement of the laboratory is necessary to perform the definitive diagnosis. One hundred and seventeen vaginal swabs from sheep with clinical signs related to chlamydial infection were examined by a PCR-RFLP assay that demonstrated high specifity and sensitivity. Six samples were positive for C. abortus. Vaginal swabs are easy to handle and allow to deal with biohazardous material in safety conditions. 相似文献
14.
K. D. Halsby A. L. Walsh R. Smith B. Said H. Kirkbride B. Smyth L. Browning L. Larkin D. Morgan 《Zoonoses and public health》2014,61(1):39-47
‘Orphan’ zoonotic diseases attract disproportionately low scientific and public health attention for the impact that they can have. This article pulls together information on their health burden in the UK from routine and enhanced data sources. These diseases are heterogeneous in nature; some have very low case numbers (e.g. hydatid disease), whilst others affect hundreds of patients each year (e.g. toxoplasmosis). The number of deaths attributed to orphan zoonoses is relatively low, and the majority recorded in this article were caused by toxoplasmosis. There is a clear issue of under‐reporting and under‐diagnosis in the data sets presented, and further work should be carried out to obtain more accurate estimates of the prevalence of zoonotic infections. Joint human and veterinary studies are especially important for these diseases. 相似文献
15.
T. B. Waltzek G. Cortés‐Hinojosa J. F. X. Wellehan Jr. Gregory C. Gray 《Zoonoses and public health》2012,59(8):521-535
Marine mammals evoke strong public affection as well as considerable scientific interest. However, the resultant close contact with marine wildlife poses human health risks, including traumatic injury and zoonotic disease transmission. The majority of zoonotic marine mammal diseases result in localized skin infections in man that resolve spontaneously or with appropriate medical therapy. However, other marine mammal zoonoses, if left untreated, induce life‐threatening systemic diseases that could pose public health risks. As the number of zoonotic diseases rises, the diagnosis of and treatment for these emerging pathogens pose special challenges requiring the expertise of physicians, veterinarians and wildlife biologists. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the bacterial, viral and fungal marine mammal zoonotic diseases that we hope will be utilized by public health professionals, physicians, veterinarians and wildlife biologists to better understand, diagnose and prevent marine mammal zoonotic diseases. 相似文献
16.
Khethiwe MTSHALI Zamantungwa T. H. KHUMALO Ryo NAKAO Dennis J. GRAB Chihiro SUGIMOTO Oriel M. M. THEKISOE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1573-1579
Ticks carry and transmit a remarkable array of pathogens including bacteria, protozoa and
viruses, which may be of veterinary and/or of medical significance. With little to no
information regarding the presence of tick-borne zoonotic pathogens or their known vectors
in southern Africa, the aim of our study was to screen for Anaplasma
phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, Coxiella
burnetii, Rickettsia species and Ehrlichia
ruminantium in ticks collected and identified from ruminants in the Eastern
Cape, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga Provinces of South Africa. The most
abundant tick species identified in this study were Rhipicephalus evertsi
evertsi (40%), Rhipicephalus species (35%), Amblyomma
hebraeum (10%) and Rhipicephalus decoloratus (14%). A total of
1634 ticks were collected. DNA was extracted, and samples were subjected to PCR
amplification and sequencing. The overall infection rates of ticks with the target
pathogens in the four Provinces were as follows: A. phagocytophilum, 7%;
C. burnetii, 7%; E. ruminantium, 28%; and
Rickettsia spp., 27%. The presence of B. burgdorferi
could not be confirmed. The findings of this study show that zoonotic pathogens are
present in ticks in the studied South African provinces. This information will aid in the
epidemiology of tick-borne zoonotic diseases in the country as well as in raising
awareness about such diseases in the veterinary, medical and tourism sectors, as they may
be the most affected. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
狂犬病病毒流行病学特征与实验室诊断技术的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
狂犬病是由狂犬病病毒引起的以中枢神经系统感染为特征的一种人兽共患病。狂犬病病毒具有嗜神经性,能在人和多种哺乳动物中引起致死性感染,病死率几乎为100%。除常规的临床诊断外,狂犬病的确诊依赖于实验室诊断方法,方法主要有病原学诊断、血清学诊断和分子生物学诊断方法等。狂犬病作为一种人兽共患烈性传染病,呈全球分布的态势,中国每年因狂犬病病毒感染而导致死亡的人数居全球第2位。因此,加强对该病的病原学、流行病学特征的认识、加快实验室诊断方法的研究对其综合防控工作具有十分重要的意义。作者主要介绍了目前国内外狂犬病流行病学特征和诊断方法的研究进展,并比较了各种方法的优点和缺点,为狂犬病的临床快速诊断和深入研究提供科学依据。 相似文献
20.
Bartonellosis. 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Lynn Guptill 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2003,33(4):809-825
The role of Bartonella species as pathogens in dogs and cats is being defined. Diagnosis and treatment of Bartonella infections of dogs and cats remain challenging. As new information regarding Bartonella infections of companion animals becomes available, the understanding of the pathogenesis of these infections will improve. Most Bartonella species infecting dogs and cats are zoonotic, with B henselae the most important zoonotic species. B henselae bacteremia is common in domestic cats, and cats transmit B henselae to people. Transmission of Bartonella infections among cats and dogs is believed to occur primarily by way of arthropod vectors. Control of arthropod vectors and avoiding interactions with pets that result in scratches or bites are the most effective means to prevent transmission between animals and people. 相似文献