共查询到15条相似文献，搜索用时 765 毫秒
1.
采用营养液栽培,研究了以中国南瓜“360-3×112-2”杂交种和黑籽南瓜为砧木,以“津春2号”为接穗的2种嫁接黄瓜和“津春2号”自根黄瓜成株期在 80 mmol/L NaCl 胁迫12 d 后的生长状况和光合能力,以及试验期间叶片氮素代谢及其关键酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,NaCl 胁迫12 d 后以中国南瓜“360-3×112-2”杂交种为砧木嫁接黄瓜植株的主蔓生长速率、第一片功能叶面积、全株鲜重和光合参数均高于自根黄瓜和以黑籽南瓜为砧木的嫁接黄瓜; 且以“360-3×112-2”杂交种为砧木嫁接黄瓜的生长状况好于以黑籽南瓜为砧木的嫁接黄瓜。NaCl 胁迫处理植株叶片中硝态氮、铵态氮含量、谷氨酰胺合成酶(Gs)活性和可溶性蛋白含量比对照先高后低; 而硝酸还原酶(NR)活性先低后回升,但仍低于对照,说明NaCl 胁迫下,黄瓜叶片氮素代谢能力的降低。不同处理氮素代谢能力的差异其原因在于根系吸收氮源的能力差异。NaCl 胁迫对以“360-3×112-2”杂交种为砧木的黄瓜植株生长抑制较小,氮素代谢能力下降较少,表现出较强的耐盐性,可以作为一个黄瓜耐盐砧木在生产上使用。 相似文献
2.
《植物营养与肥料学报》2010,(5)
采用营养液栽培,研究了以中国南瓜"360-3×112-2"杂交种和黑籽南瓜为砧木,以"津春2号"为接穗的2种嫁接黄瓜和"津春2号"自根黄瓜成株期在80 mmol/L NaCl胁迫12 d后的生长状况和光合能力,以及试验期间叶片氮素代谢及其关键酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,NaCl胁迫12 d后以中国南瓜"360-3×112-2"杂交种为砧木嫁接黄瓜植株的主蔓生长速率、第一片功能叶面积、全株鲜重和光合参数均高于自根黄瓜和以黑籽南瓜为砧木的嫁接黄瓜;且以"360-3×112-2"杂交种为砧木嫁接黄瓜的生长状况好于以黑籽南瓜为砧木的嫁接黄瓜。NaCl胁迫处理植株叶片中硝态氮、铵态氮含量、谷氨酰胺合成酶(Gs)活性和可溶性蛋白含量比对照先高后低;而硝酸还原酶(NR)活性先低后回升,但仍低于对照,说明NaCl胁迫下,黄瓜叶片氮素代谢能力的降低。不同处理氮素代谢能力的差异其原因在于根系吸收氮源的能力差异。NaCl胁迫对以"360-3×112-2"杂交种为砧木的黄瓜植株生长抑制较小,氮素代谢能力下降较少,表现出较强的耐盐性,可以作为一个黄瓜耐盐砧木在生产上使用。 相似文献
3.
NaCl胁迫下中国南瓜杂交种和黑籽南瓜植株离子吸收与积累特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
营养液栽培条件下,在成株期以 80 mmol/L NaCl 胁迫中国南瓜 360-3×112-2 F1和黑籽南瓜植株,10d 后,测定了植株的生长量和不同器官中Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+的含量。结果表明,NaCl 胁迫下两种材料的生长受到明显抑制,360-3×112-2杂交种的生长抑制比黑籽南瓜植株较轻。NaCl 胁迫后两种南瓜植株体内Na+含量升高,360-3×112-2杂交种的Na+主要累积在根部,黑籽南瓜主要积累在茎中;K+、Ca2+、Mg2+的含量在植株体内呈下降的趋势,但360-3×112-2杂交种的上位叶中的含量却上升。NaCl胁迫下,因Na+的积累抑制了K+的吸收,植株各器官的K+/Na+普遍降低,但黑籽南瓜比360-3×112-2杂交种的K+/Na+下降明显。这些结果说明,两种南瓜受到盐胁迫后Na+的主要积累器官不同,致使地上部各器官有不同的K+、Ca2+、Mg2+吸收和积累特性,K+/Na+降低幅度也不同,从而影响了植株的生长,产生了耐盐性的差异。360-3×112-2杂交种耐盐性比黑籽南瓜强,可望作为耐盐砧木在瓜类生产上使用。 相似文献
4.
在组织培养条件下，对中国南瓜杂交种和黑籽南瓜的幼苗分别进行不同NaCl浓度(0、40、80、120、160、200、240 mmol/L)胁迫处理，10 d后调查不同处理单株幼苗的下胚轴长度、鲜质量、干质量和盐害程度。结果表明，360-3×112-2杂交种和黑籽南瓜在幼苗期存在明显的耐盐性差异，360-3×112-2杂交种耐盐性比黑籽南瓜强，360-3×112-2的最高耐盐浓度是160 mmol/L，黑籽南瓜的最高耐盐浓度是120 mmol/L，其耐盐性具有较大的利用价值。 相似文献
5.
在组培条件下以69份中国南瓜(Cucurbita moschataDuch.)杂交种和4份商品种为试验材料,研究中国南瓜杂交种的耐盐状况,确定筛选耐盐材料的适当NaCl浓度。结果表明,中国南瓜杂交种在不同NaCl浓度处理下存在明显的耐盐性差异,69份杂交种在120mmol/L NaCl浓度处理下的盐胁迫指数介于29.94～100之间,呈正态分布,有6份杂交种表现出较高的耐盐性,其中360-3×112-2杂交种最耐盐。认为在组培条件下采用120mmol/LNaCl浓度处理中国南瓜幼苗是一种有效筛选耐盐材料的方法。 相似文献
6.
白籽南瓜嫁接对不同盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗氮代谢和蛋白表达的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用营养液栽培,以白籽南瓜（Cucurbita maximaCucurbita moschata）为砧木,津优3号黄瓜为接穗,研究了白籽南瓜嫁接对等渗Ca(NO3)2和NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长、氮代谢、渗透调节物质和蛋白表达的影响。结果表明:白籽南瓜嫁接黄瓜可明显促进Ca(NO3)2和NaCl胁迫下黄瓜嫁接苗生长,提高叶片和根系中硝酸还原酶（NR）活性及NO3--N、可溶性糖、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量,抑制NH4+-N升高;叶片中可溶性蛋白表达量增强,其相对分子质量（103）分别约为188.4、156.1、120.4、54.0、37.3、32.1、30.6、18.9、17.8和17.1,并出现相对分子质量为64.3103的一种新蛋白,而81.0103的蛋白表达量减弱,这12种蛋白可能与白籽南瓜嫁接提高黄瓜耐盐性密切相关。研究还发现:NaCl胁迫下黄瓜自根嫁接和砧木嫁接植株叶片中相对分子质量（103）约为86.1、23.4、18.9和17.8的蛋白表达量大于等渗的Ca(NO3)2,相对分子质量（103）约为188.4、156.1、54.0和17.1 的蛋白表达量小于等渗的Ca(NO3)2;NaCl胁迫9 d后39.1103、35.4103和21.2103三种蛋白在自根嫁接株中消失,这11种蛋白可能与白籽南瓜嫁接株耐Ca(NO3)2胁迫能力强有关。综上,Ca(NO3)2胁迫对黄瓜幼苗造成的伤害程度显著低于等渗的NaCl 胁迫,白籽南瓜砧木嫁接可调节黄瓜植株体内氮素代谢,提高渗调能力,有效地缓解Ca(NO3)2和NaCl胁迫对黄瓜植株的伤害,尤其对Ca(NO3)2胁迫伤害的缓解效果明显,可以作为黄瓜耐盐砧木在生产上应用。 相似文献
7.
中国南瓜对嫁接黄瓜产量与风味影响的综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨中国南瓜砧木种质资源的多样性,筛选同时具有较高产量和较优风味品质嫁接黄瓜的中国南瓜砧用种质,本研究以国内外102份中国南瓜高代自交系种质为砧木,以黄瓜品种新泰密刺为接穗进行嫁接,利用主成分分析、隶属函数分析和聚类分析对嫁接黄瓜形态学和农艺性状等13项指标进行综合评价。结果表明,与对照新泰密刺相比,102份嫁接组合的各项指标存在广泛变异,主成分分析显示前5个主成分累计贡献率达到86.226%,其中植株产量因子、雌花因子、果实风味因子是构成嫁接组合性状差异的主要因子。系统聚类分析将102个嫁接组合划分为4个类群,隶属函数分析表明柿饼南瓜5Bb636-3(N67)和三禾13-s08z13-3(N91)等7份砧木的嫁接组合产量和口感等各项指标表现突出,可作为南瓜砧木品种选育的优异亲本材料。本研究进一步丰富了中国南瓜砧木的评价体系,为选育嫁接黄瓜性状良好的中国南瓜砧木品种提供了重要依据。 相似文献
8.
9.
为研究不同砧木嫁接中黄瓜果实蜡质合成相关基因的表达量变化,本试验以3461黄瓜为接穗,黑籽南瓜和白籽南瓜为砧木,研究黑籽南瓜嫁接株、白籽南瓜嫁接株和自根苗不同果实生长时期(开花前2 d、开花当天、开花后4 d、开花后6 d、开花后8 d)中蜡质合成基因(Cs CER1、Cs CER3、Cs CER4、Cs CER6、Cs CER8、Cs CER10)的表达变化,并利用RNAhybrid、psRNATarget及RegRNA软件对调控这6个蜡质基因的microRNA(miRNA)作出预测。结果表明,不同砧木嫁接处理中蜡质基因表达差异主要体现在开花后4 d的果实中,Cs CER1、Cs CER3、Cs CER6、Cs CER8、Cs CER10基因在黑籽南瓜嫁接株中的表达量明显高于白籽南瓜嫁接株和自根苗。miRNA预测结果显示,cme-miR164可能调控Cs CER1、Cs CER3、Cs CER4、Cs CER6和Cs CER10基因,cme-miR168可能调控Cs CER3、Cs CER4、Cs CER6和Cs CER10基因,cme-miR390可能调控Cs CER6、Cs CER8和Cs CER10基因。推测Cs CER1、Cs CER3、Cs CER6、Cs CER8、Cs CER10这5个基因与黑籽南瓜嫁接导致的蜡质含量增加密切相关,cme-miR164、cme-miR168和cme-miR390可能参与调控黄瓜蜡质合成。本研究结果为探究嫁接导致蜡质含量变化的机制提供了新的理论依据。 相似文献
10.
NaCl胁迫下温室内两个砧木的生理响应机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探明NaCl胁迫下不同砧木耐盐性差异的生理机制,采用水培,研究了温室栽培条件下2个耐盐性不同的砧木(黑籽南瓜和超丰8848瓠瓜)在盐胁迫下的生长量、根系活力、离子含量和酶活性的变化.结果表明,盐胁迫下,2个砧木的地上部和根干质量、根系活力、Ca2 和Mg2 的含量及K /Na 比值均显著降低,叶片中Na 的含量虽然显著增加,但叶中Na 的含量显著低于根茎;超丰8848瓠瓜的SOD、POD活性、MDA含量均无显著变化,而黑籽南瓜的SOD、POD活性显著增强,MDA含量显著增加.低盐胁迫下Na 主要集中在根茎部,高盐胁迫下Na 主要集中在茎部.通过根茎阻止Na 向叶片运输,是2个砧木耐盐的主要生理机制.超丰8848瓠瓜较黑籽南瓜耐盐性强的生理机制在于其在盐胁迫下具有更高的根系活力. 相似文献
11.
《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):895-902
Abstract To assess whether grafting raised the salt tolerance of cucumber seedlings by limiting transport of Na+ to the leaf and to test whether the salt tolerance of grafted plants was affected by the shoot genotype, two cucumber cultivars (“Jinchun No. 2”, a relatively salt-sensitive cultivar, and “Zaoduojia”, a relative salt-tolerant cultivar) were grafted onto rootstock pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch. cv. “Chaojiquanwang”, a salt-tolerant cultivar). Ungrafted plants were used as controls. The effects of grafting on plant growth and ion concentrations were investigated under NaCl stress. Reductions in the shoot and root dry weights, leaf area and stem diameter of grafted plants were lower and concentrations of K+ and Cl? in the leaves were higher than those of ungrafted plants under the same NaCl stress. The Na+ concentration and Na+/K+ ratio in scion leaves and in the stems of grafted plants were lower, whereas those in rootstock stems and roots were higher than in ungrafted plants under the same NaCl stress. Shoot and root dry weight, leaf area and stem diameter were negatively correlated with leaf Na+ concentrations and Na+/K+ ratio, but were positively correlated with leaf K+ concentrations. The Na+ concentrations and Na+/K+ ratio were lower, whereas the K+ concentrations in the leaves of grafted “Zaoduojia” plants were higher than those in grafted “Jinchun No. 2” plants under the same NaCl stress. The reductions in leaf area and stem diameter of grafted “Jinchun No. 2” plants were more severe than those of grafted “Zaoduojia” plants. These results indicate that: (1) the higher salt tolerance of grafted cucumber seedlings is associated with lower Na+ concentrations and Na+/K+ ratio and higher K+ concentrations in the leaves, (2) grafting improved the salt tolerance of cucumber seedlings by limiting the transport of Na+ to the leaves, (3) the salt tolerance of grafted cucumber seedlings is related to the shoot genotype. 相似文献
12.
为了解盐碱胁迫对黄瓜嫁接苗根际土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的影响,本研究以2种耐盐碱砧木‘华砧108’(T1)、‘神力铁木砧’(T2)和2种盐碱敏感砧木‘辉太郎’(S1)、‘京欣砧6号’(S2)为试材,自根苗作为对照,以混合盐(盐分摩尔比为NaHCO_3∶Na_2SO_4∶NaCl∶Na_2CO_3=4∶2∶2∶0.15)浓度为100 mmol·L~(-1)、pH 9.0的处理液处理20 d、30 d、40 d(定植30 d、40 d、50 d),利用PCR-DGGE技术,研究了盐碱胁迫对不同砧木嫁接的黄瓜幼苗根际土壤微生物群落结构和丰度的影响。结果表明,耐盐碱的砧木品种T1、T2根际土壤真菌DGGE图谱条带数显著高于盐碱敏感的S2和自根苗对照CK,并且耐盐碱的品种T2土壤细菌的Shannon-Wiener指数与均匀度指数均显著高于盐碱敏感的品种S1、S2和自根苗对照CK。耐盐碱品种T1的细菌16S rDNA基因拷贝数在定植50 d时显著高于盐碱敏感的品种及自根苗;在定植40 d时,耐盐碱的砧木T2真菌ITS基因拷贝数显著高于盐碱敏感的品种以及黄瓜自根苗;定植50 d时,耐盐碱的砧木真菌ITS基因拷贝数显著高于盐碱敏感的品种,但与自根苗差异不显著。不同耐盐碱性砧木嫁接黄瓜幼苗根际土壤微生物群落结构组成和丰度存在差异。以上研究表明,随着盐碱胁迫时间的增加,耐盐碱性不同的砧木嫁接苗根际土壤微生物群落丰度与结构多样性产生了较大差异,间接改变了土壤微生态环境,致使土壤微生物数量和丰富度也发生改变。耐盐碱的砧木品种可能通过改善土壤微环境来加强其自身的耐盐碱特性。 相似文献
13.
Dimitrios Savvas Andreas Savva Georgia Ntatsi Andreas Ropokis Ioannis Karapanos Angelika Krumbein Christos Olympios 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(1):154-162
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Belladona F1) plants were either self‐rooted, self‐grafted, or grafted onto the commercial rootstocks “Beaufort”, “He‐Man”, and “Resistar” and grown in a recirculating hydroponic system. Three nutrient solutions differing in NaCl‐salinity level (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 dS m–1, corresponding to 0.3, 22, and 45 mM NaCl) were combined with the five grafting treatments in a two‐factorial (3 × 5) experimental design. At the control NaCl level (0.3 mM), fruit yield was not influenced by any of the grafting treatments. However, at low (22 mM NaCl) and moderate (45 mM NaCl) salinity levels, the nongrafted and the self‐grafted plants gave significantly lower yields than the plants grafted onto He‐Man. The plants grafted onto the other two rootstocks gave higher yields only in comparison with the nongrafted plants, and the differences were significant only at low (Beaufort) or moderate (Resistar) salinity. Yield differences between grafting treatments at low and moderate salinity arose from differences in fruit number per plant, while mean fruit weight was not influenced by grafting or the rootstock. NaCl salinity had no effect on the yield of plants grafted onto He‐Man but restricted the yield in all other grafting treatments due to reduction of the mean fruit weight. With respect to fruit quality, salinity enhanced the titratable acidity, the total soluble solids, and the ascorbic acid concentrations, while grafting and rootstocks had no effect on any quality characteristics. The leaf Na concentrations were significantly lower in plants grafted onto the three commercial rootstocks, while those of Cl were increased by grafting onto He‐Man but not altered by grafting onto Beaufort or Resistar in comparison with self‐grafted or nongrafted plants. Grafting onto the three tested commercial rootstocks significantly reduced the leaf Mg concentrations, resulting in clear Mg‐deficiency symptoms 19 weeks after planting. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1451-1465
Abstract The experiment considered Vitis vinifera L. cv. “Pinot blanc” clone VCR5 grafted on a lime‐susceptible (3309 C) and a lime‐tolerant (41 B) hybrid rootstock and grown in 45 L pots of a calcareous and a non‐calcareous soil. Each treatment included plants bearing clusters and plants without clusters; in the latter case the bunches were removed 15 days before blooming. During the third growth year, shoot length, leaf chlorophyll (Chl), and mineral element concentrations were recorded. At the end of the growing cycle the grapevines were divided into leaves, shoots, berries, cluster stems, trunk, roots, and dry matter and mineral element composition per organ were analyzed. The 41 B rootstock showed its lime‐tolerance by exhibiting little reduction of shoot length when grown in the calcareous soil as compared to the non‐calcareous one, while 3309 C growing in the calcareous soil induced a dramatic shoot length reduction. The rootstock also affected the leaf chl concentration according to the known degree of lime‐tolerance/susceptibility: “Pinot blanc” grafted on 3309 C and growing on the calcareous soil showed chlorotic leaves while the plants grafted on 41 B had green leaves; cluster removal did not affect leaf chl. The fruit load (expressed as berry dry matter) was strongly affected by the soil and the rootstock; in the calcareous soil 41 B rootstock produced twice as high cluster dry matter than did 3309 C. A higher macronutrient uptake for the plants growing under lime‐stress conditions was affected by 41 B rootstock. Cluster removal in plants grown on calcareous soil produced different effects, as follows: in the case of 41 B rootstock, a redistribution of photosynthate to other sinks like shoot tip and roots occurred, while in the case of 3309 C only the roots benefited. Under lime‐stress condition the plants grafted on 41 B took up more iron (recorded as total amount in the leaves) than did those grafted on 3309 C. 相似文献
15.
胁迫对菜用大豆种子抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用蛭石栽培,在100 mmol/L NaCl 胁迫下,对耐盐性不同的两个菜用大豆［Glycine max (L.)Merr.］品种种子的过氧化氢（H2O2）含量及抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽（AsA-GSH）循环进行了研究。结果显示,NaCl胁迫显著增加了菜用大豆种子的H2O2含量,但耐盐品种 绿领特早的增幅低于盐敏感品种理想高产95-1。NaCl胁迫期间,绿领特早种子中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性,AsA、GSH含量以及AsA/DHA值和GSH/GSSG值的增幅高于同期的理想高产95-1,或降幅低于同期的理想高产95-1; 脱氢抗坏血酸（DHA）、氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）含量的增幅低于同期的理想高产95-1。表明 绿领特早种子在胁迫期间能够保持较高的AsA-GSH循环效率,可有效地抑制H2O2的积累,这可能是其耐盐性较强的重要原因之一。 相似文献