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1.
Colin Hannon Rick A. Officer Jean Le Dorven John Chamberlain 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(6):1813-1822
The Japanese development of mass culture techniques for Ulvella lens during the 1980s for aquaculture has stimulated the development of rearing techniques for abalone and sea urchins in producing countries. However, since the late 1980s, there has not been any in-depth evaluation of culture methods for U. lens, nor the development of a new robust method for aquaculture operators. The use of this known inducer for settlement of veliger larvae has not been employed on a commercial scale in Ireland or in European aquaculture systems. The new methodology described here has produced a threefold increase in the settlement of sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus) and is recommended for adoption by the European aquaculture industry. 相似文献
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Despite the large economic and social benefits fisheries can offer to address Africa’s development needs, investment in African fisheries and aquaculture has been remarkably low. However, if fisheries and aquaculture are to meet the challenges of technological change, institutional reforms and resource mobilization needed in support of the sector’s development potential, fisheries stakeholders must make the case for investment much more clearly within the context of wider socioeconomic development. In this paper, we argue that the global consensus around the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) offers an important opportunity to pursue this agenda in Africa. In particular the MDGs’ human development focus provides a compelling framework for articulating the comprehensive value of fisheries for poverty reduction and long‐term socioeconomic development. The paper has two objectives. The first is to examine the direct and indirect links between fisheries and the individual MDGs, drawing together findings and lessons learnt from recent African case studies with relevant examples from elsewhere. The second is to translate these findings into recommendations for action in support of improved investments in fisheries aimed at increasing the overall development value of the sector. 相似文献
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Norway leads the world aquaculture production of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and farmed Norwegian Atlantic salmon is currently consumed around the globe. However, sea lice infestation is a major problem faced by the salmon aquaculture industry in Norway and elsewhere. The use of wild-caught cleaner fish, mainly wrasses, has been recommended over the other available methods as the most economical and environmentally friendly option to control sea lice infestation in salmon farming. Here, we review the development of the Norwegian wrasse fishery and the use of wrasses as cleaner fish. In this document, we address the sea lice problem and introduce the main wrasse species employed as cleaner fish, document the cleaning behaviour of wrasses, present the development of a new wrasse fishery associated with the salmon aquaculture industry, and finally, we identify the main challenges associated with the intensive use of wild-caught cleaner wrasses and provide some insight for future directions of the wrasse fishery and further development of aquaculture techniques to supply salmon facilities with domesticated cleaner fish. 相似文献
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近30年来,全球水产养殖产量以接近9%的年增长率持续增长。快速发展的水产养殖业在保障世界粮食供应的同时,也带来环境污染和生物多样性下降等一系列生态环境问题,引起国际社会的广泛关注。水产养殖的资源和环境承载力,即养殖容量与生态容量问题,已成为水产养殖业可持续发展中迫切需要解决的问题。本文概述了水产养殖容量和环境容量概念的起源及其发展,例举了养殖容量研究的代表性成果,分析了养殖容量的估算方法及养殖容量模型的发展历程,并探讨了其存在问题以及在水产养殖管理中的应用前景,以期推动以养殖容量评估为基础的水产养殖区规划。水产养殖容量的科学评估与综合应用,可在一定程度上解决制约水产养殖业可持续发展的生态环境问题,并为建立基于生态系统的水产养殖管理与空间规划提供科学依据。 相似文献
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The physiological condition indices most commonly used in bivalve aquaculture are reviewed and evaluated. Two general categories of indices may be distinguished: static and dynamic. Of the static indices reviewed, only one is recommended for use in the culture of early developmental stages — the dry ash weight: total dry weight ratio. In the case of juveniles and adults, the easily-measured dry tissue weight: dry shell weight is recommended for most routine work.The dynamic indices reviewed are based on production estimates, and hence reflect physiological changes over specified time intervals. Of these indices, only net growth efficiency is recommended for use in bivalve aquaculture, and it is applicable to all life stages. While this index gives the most information about the physiological state of the animals comprising a population, it is very difficult to evaluate and is thus most appropriate as a research tool. 相似文献
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Upton Hatch Chien Feng Tai 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(1-2):13-27
Abstract The literature on production economics and management of fish culture has grown as aquaculture has matured as a commercial industry. Salmon, catfish, shrimp and trout are the focus of this literature survey as a reflection of the volume of research that has been completed on these species and their importance in US production and world trade. In addition, a discussion of low resource production systems is included that is dominated by tilapia and carp culture systems. A brief overview of the principles of aquaculture production economics and management is presented followed by a review of economic studies. 相似文献
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A sustainable aquaculture production involves alternatives, as recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), in order to increase the water supply efficiency. This paper aims: a) to propose a method for dimensioning a RAS filled and additionally supplied with water from a rainwater harvesting systems (RHS) and; b) to evaluate the efficiency of the system based on the supply of rainwater from the RHS, the quality of water in the RAS, and the development of aquatic organisms. A pilot aquaculture farm for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) production was designed and dimensioned. On one hand, the RAS with a configuration based on a treatment tower provided acceptable values of pH, TAN, and alkalinity. The temperature was slightly above the recommended temperature but did not negatively impact trout development. On the other hand, the water use efficiency reached 178 L/kg of fish, instead of 210,000 L/kg in an open flow system for trout rearing. The RHS fulfilled the additional required water on the test period of the pilot farm and is expected to supply at least 92% on average during the useful life. Regarding the aquatic organisms’ development, the system allowed both a better Length/ weight ratio and a lesser mortality rate compared to previous studies of RAS. In contrast to other studies in the literature, the mathematical models for dimensioning the system were calculated as a function of the final biomass expected in the tank instead of the quantity of supplied feed. Therefore, this method confirmed the applicability of this alternative criterion for designing biofilters and aquaculture systems. 相似文献
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Within aquaculture, genetic engineering (GE) is emerging as a powerful method for breeding of fish and shellfish, and for developing alternative sources of feed and vaccines to combat diseases. On the other hand, the use of GE in aquaculture raises ecological, ethical and economic concerns. For instance, genetically modified (GM) feed could be spread to the aquatic environment and consumed by other marine organisms, and horizontal gene transfer may conceivably occur from DNA in feed or vaccines to a recipient genome or by faeces to the environment. Numerous reports have described beneficial effects such as viral disease resistance following DNA vaccination. However, side effects, such as activation of other genes than those which are central in immune defence mechanisms, may occur and warrant further investigations. In order to achieve sustainable introduction of GE, it is crucial that appropriate scientific investigations and ethical considerations are done prior to large-scale introduction of GE products such as DNA/GE vaccines and GM feed in commercial fish farming. This may result in a solid basis for the avoidance of potentially undesirable health and environmental effects. If GE can help make aquaculture a sustainable industry, this opens the possibility of positive market and consumer responses. This can best be achieved by involving the stakeholders from the conceptual stage to the commercial stage by facilitating a transparent process whose purpose is to inform research, to identify decision stakes, and to influence design, adoption and implementation of pro-active policy. 相似文献
10.
《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3-4):283-316
ABSTRACT India is a very populous country with more than one billion people. In order to provide food for this growing population, serious environmental problems may result. Despite many benefits from the green, blue, and silver revolutions adopted in India, there has been much concern resulting from intensive agricultural practices that led to environmental problems in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Increasing demand for aquatic resources also caused inland fisheries to decrease over the past few decades. The location of aquaculture projects, landscape destruction, soil and water pollution by pond effluents, over-exploitation of important fish stocks, depletion in biodiversity, conflicts over agriculture and aquaculture among various stakeholder groups over resource and space allocation, and international fish trade controversies have threatened the long-term sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture industries. The subject of sustainable aquaculture has not been adequately projected in terms of current aquaculture practices aimed to boost a rural economy. This review briefly describes the key issues of aquaculture unsustainability in terms of intensive aquaculture, nutrient enrichment syndrome, soil and groundwater salinization, destruction of mangroves, loss of biodiversity, marine pollution and loss of fish stock, use of aquachemicals and therapeutics, hormone residues, etc. The strategies for sustainability have been highlighted with respect to rice-cum-fish culture, carp polyculture, integrated farming with livestock, rural aquaculture, intensification of small farms, wastewater-fed aquaculture, crop rotation, probiotics, feed quality, socioeconomic considerations, environmental regulations and fisheries acts, transboundary aquatic ecosystems, impact of alien species, ethical aspects of intensive aquaculture, responsible fisheries, and environmental impact assessment. A suggested model outlines the feedback mechanisms for achieving long-term sustainability through improved farm management practices, integrated farming, use of selective aquachemicals and probiotics, conservation of natural resources, regulatory mechanism, and policy instruments. 相似文献
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Probiotics in aquaculture: The need, principles and mechanisms of action and screening processes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Aditya Kesarcodi-Watson Heinrich Kaspar Lewis Gibson 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,274(1):1-14
Aquaculture production of molluscs is worth US$11 billion per year and represents 65% of World mollusc product. A significant limitation to the industry is loss of stock through bacterial disease. Traditional methods to combat disease with antibiotics have been questioned and alternatives have been sought. The field of probiotics as well as the screening methods used to acquire probiotic strains for the alternative management of disease in aquaculture is discussed. This review provides a comprehensive summary of probiotics in aquaculture with special reference to mollusc culture. 相似文献
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鲑鳟鱼类是典型的冷水性鱼类,经济价值高,是世界重要经济养殖鱼类之一。然而,随着其养殖产量攀升,养殖密度增大,养殖环境恶化,鲑鳟鱼类寄生虫病的发生和危害也日趋频繁和严重,严重制约了产业的健康发展。鲑鳟鱼常见的、危害较为严重的寄生虫主要包括三代虫(Gyrodactylus)、鱼虱(Caligus rogercresseyi)、阿米巴原虫(Neoparamoeba perurans)、脑碘泡虫(Myxobolus cerebralis)、苔藓鲑四囊虫(Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae)和库道虫(Kudoa spp.)。这些寄生虫生活史简单,繁殖速度快,大多寄生在鱼体表面及体内的各种组织器官上,导致鱼体生长缓慢、抵抗力下降,引起鱼体损伤并造成死亡。在防治方法上,通过物理控制、化学药物和免疫治疗相结合的方法进行综合防控。本文对鲑鳟鱼常见寄生虫病领域的研究和成果进行简要综述,以期为鲑鳟鱼寄生虫病的研究和防治提供参考。 相似文献
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A dynamic model of dissolved oxygen behavior in a stillwater aquaculture pond is presented. Using theories and principles that have been established for aerobic waste-water treatment ponds and shallow lakes and reservoirs, equations were developed to describe the short-term dissolved oxygen fluctuations of an aquaculture pond. Components considered in this model include the consumption and production of oxygen by phytoplankton, fish, detritus, and the process of reaeration. Factors affecting these components can be specified by the user; these include meteorologic and geographic data, and phytoplankton, fish, and detrital characteristics. After comparing the model to field data and analyzing the sensitivity of its components, areas of research which may have an impact on pond management are identified. 相似文献
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George M. Pigott 《Aquacultural Engineering》1982,1(1):71-79
This paper expands upon the role that food engineers play in the multi-discipline area of aquaculture engineering. The author explains why it is necessary to apply basic engineering principles to those areas which have had only a minor emphasis in past aquaculture research programs. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3-4):179-204
ABSTRACT Definition of breeding goals for sustainable fish production is considered, with emphasis on non-market (e.g., ethical) as well as market values. The need for long-term biologically, ecologically, and sociologically sound breeding goals is emphasized, because animal breeding determined only by short-term market forces has lead to unwanted side effects. Farmed fish is at an early stage of domestication and breeding, but rapid selection responses for growth have already been documented for several species. Reports of selection responses for fish and shellfish in both temperate and tropical environments are reviewed. Growth-rate responses of 4-20% have been obtained per generation. Broad breeding goals, including health and functional traits, in addition to production traits, are required. More basic knowledge of, e.g., animal welfare and behavioral disorders of fish is also needed. Less than 1% of the aquaculture fish material in 1993 originated from selection programs. For most species under improvement, only one or very few programs are running, and the effective population sizes are often limited. Such populations may however easily gain sufficient advantage above non-improved populations to capture much of the market. This will also discourage further genetic introductions into the breeding nucleus. Long-term inbreeding and loss of genetic variability because of genetic drift may then affect performance and further genetic progress. A sufficiently large and genetically diverse breeding population with appropriate family structure is therefore fundamental when establishing and running a selection program. Important prerequisites for breeding programs for sustainable production are appropriate governmental policies and awareness of our way of thinking about aquaculture, nature and society. A more communal worldview informed by a subjective epistemology (how we learn about/ analyze nature) and a holistic ontology (belief about what/how nature is) is also required. 相似文献
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Aoki Ryuichiro Chuda Hisashi Washio Youhei Masuma Shukei Kato Keitaro 《Fisheries Science》2020,86(1):57-64
Fisheries Science - The aquaculture of greater amberjack Seriola dumerili is of considerable research interest worldwide. The larviculture methods employed to culture this species, however, are... 相似文献
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近年来我国水产养殖业迅速发展,同时水体污染、富营养化日益严重,这严重制约了水产养殖业的发展。如何简便有效地处理养殖废水成为水产养殖业健康持续发展的关键。人工湿地作为一种经济、高效的废水生态处理技术,日益受到人们广泛的关注。本文主要介绍了人工湿地的构建、分类、废水处理机理及其在养殖废水处理中的应用。 相似文献
19.
玻璃钢水槽内大黄鱼养殖环境噪声测量与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用水下声音测量系统,分别记录了开放式圆形玻璃钢水槽内养殖环境噪声和大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)摄食过程声音,并进行声压级(sound pressure levels,SPL)计算和频谱特征分析。结果表明:(1)养殖环境噪声SPL约为110.27 d B(d B re:1μPa),包括主频率峰值为100 Hz的养殖工作设备与水槽内壁的低频共振噪声、1 250 Hz的表层水体气泡噪声、1 600~2 500 Hz的曝气石、增氧机、空气压缩机工作噪声;(2)增氧机和曝气关闭时,大黄鱼摄食过程声音SPL约为92.65 d B,高于背景噪声SPL,主要为游泳声音70~500Hz、吞食产生的水体表面搅动与气泡破裂的声音1 000~2 000 Hz、咀嚼颗粒饵料声音2 000~4 500 Hz;(3)增氧机和曝气开启时,背景噪声SPL略高于摄食声音约17.62 d B,且摄食声音无法区别于背景噪声,但并未影响鱼类摄食行为。 相似文献
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保障国家粮食安全，践行大食物观具有极端重要的意义。淡水养殖业对于优化中国居民膳食结构，提高人类营养健康水平具有不可替代的作用。为厘清淡水养殖业发展中的问题，探寻中国淡水养殖业高质量发展的对策，本文对2013—2022年《中国渔业统计年鉴》中淡水养殖业的养殖方式和养殖种类进行了梳理统计，并对以池塘养殖、大水面生态养殖、稻渔综合种养、设施渔业及盐碱水体养殖共5类主要养殖模式为代表的中国淡水养殖业发展趋势进行了分析，归纳出中国淡水养殖业高质量发展面临的挑战。在此基础上，从淡水养殖空间拓展、设施现代化、种源自给、病害防控、产品加工转化5个方面，探索性地提出中国淡水养殖业高质量发展的着力方向，并进一步从国家政策、科技进步、人才队伍、技术推广和财政资金5个维度提出中国淡水养殖业高质量发展的保障措施。以期为中国淡水养殖业转变方式结构，实现绿色健康高质量发展提供参考。 相似文献