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1.
The influence of submergence on photosynthesis and antioxidant capacities in rice varieties Swarna and Swarna-Sub1 with or without Sub1 QTL were evaluated under control,simulated complete submergence and subsequent re-aeration.The leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance decreased in the both varieties during the progression of submergence as compared to the control plants,but significant varietal differences were observed after 1 d of submergence.Submergence also altered the PSII activity,as reflected in a decrease in the values of Fo,Fm and Fv/Fm and degradation of chlorophyll,more in Swarna than in Swarna-Sub1.During early submergence period,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR),glutathione reductase(GR) against reactive oxygen species were increased in the both varieties.However,with the progress of submergence period(after 7 d),the activities of SOD,catalase(CAT),APX,guaiacol peroxidase(GPX),GR and DHAR declined,more in Swarna than in Swarna-Sub1.During re-aeration,Swarna-Sub1 showed significant increase of above antioxidant enzymes but not in Swarna.Swarna-Sub1 improves photosynthetic activity,showing higher photosynthetic rate compared to Swarna under submergence and subsequent re-aeration because of less degradation of chlorophyll,higher stomatal conductance,and efficient PSII activity along with better antioxidant protection from oxidative damage. 相似文献
2.
以白鸡冠F1代新品系（0306I、0306F、0306D）及黄旦的扦插苗为试验材料,测定低温（0℃）胁迫下茶树抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,低温下各品种（系）叶片电导率、过氧化氢及丙二醛含量都显著增加,其中0306F与0306D增加幅度明显大于黄旦与0306I;谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、过氧化物酶（POD）与超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活性都显著增加,其中黄旦与0306I低温下GR、APX、POD、SOD增加幅度远大于品系0306D与0306F。低温下单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（MDAR）、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸（ASC）与谷胱甘肽（GSH）活性显著下降,其中0306F与0306D品系叶片的MDAR与CAT低温下下降幅度远大于黄旦与0306I。回归分析发现,叶片双氧水含量与APX（y=601.8-59.1x）及CAT（y=5.45-0.77x）活性呈负相关,电导率与ASC（y=7.45-10.35x）也呈负线性相关。以上结果表明,茶树品种（系）0306F与0306D抗寒性弱于0306I与黄旦。 相似文献
3.
水杨酸对干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗抗氧化特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了给水杨酸在小麦栽培中的应用提供参考依据,以小麦品种百农AK58为材料,用17.5%聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)模拟干旱胁迫,研究了外源水杨酸对干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片和根系抗氧化特性的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著提高了根、叶细胞质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及过氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等抗氧化酶活性。与单独干旱胁迫处理相比,外源施加水杨酸可使干旱下小麦幼苗根系APX、POD、SOD和CAT活性分别增加190.9%、20.4%、42.3%和89.4%,使其膜透性和MDA含量分别降低19.7%和54.6%;对叶片而言,水杨酸可使其APX和POD活性分别增加31.5%和159.6%,使其膜透性和MDA含量分别降低23.7%和53.9%。上述结果说明,干旱胁迫加剧了小麦的氧化胁迫,小麦幼苗则通过增强根、叶抗氧化酶活性以抵抗氧化伤害。外源施加水杨酸可增强小麦幼苗根、叶相关抗氧化酶的活性,从而缓解小麦在干旱下所遭受的氧化伤害,增强其抗旱性。 相似文献
4.
研究干旱胁迫下一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)对水稻叶片光合速率、相对含水量及抗氧化系统的影响,旨在揭示NO增强水稻耐旱性的作用机制。以常规粳稻日本晴为材料,在土培条件下于水稻分蘖盛期叶面喷施硝普钠(SNP,NO缓释剂)和/或cPTIO(NO清除剂)后进行干旱处理,6d后,取样并分析叶片各生理指标。结果表明,与清水对照相比,干旱胁迫下,喷施100μmol/L SNP可显著增强水稻耐旱性,叶片表现出较高的相对含水量和光合速率,较低的丙二醛和过氧化氢含量。相反,100μmol/L cPTIO处理的水稻叶片光合速率明显低于对照,相对含水量略低于对照,而丙二醛和过氧化氢含量显著高于清水对照。进一步研究表明,干旱胁迫下喷施外源SNP的叶片具有较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,较低的抗坏血酸(AsA)含量和总谷胱甘肽(GSH+GSSH)含量。此外,外源喷施SNP对水稻叶片过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性影响不大,各处理间差异不显著。总之,以100μmol/L SNP作为NO缓释剂处理的水稻干旱损伤较轻,干旱胁迫下叶片具有较高的SOD及CAT活性,这可能是NO增强水稻耐旱性的主要原因。 相似文献
5.
《水稻科学》2017,(5)
Drought is the major abiotic stress factor that limits rice production worldwide.To evaluate the osmotic stress responses in rice varieties under drought condition,a total of 42 high-yielding rice varieties were collected from various research stations of Kerala Agricultural University in India.The experimental setup comprises of initial hydroponic treatments at different osmotic potentials,artificially induced by desired strengths of polyethylene glycol(PEG6000),and followed by the pot planted experiments in the rain-out-zone.The activities of antioxidant enzymes,relative water content,cell membrane stability,photosynthetic pigments,proline content,along with plant growth parameters of the varieties under drought condition were evaluated.Moreover,the standard scores of these rice varieties were assessed under stress and recovery conditions based on the scoring scale of the Standard Evaluation System for rice.Among the 42 rice varieties,we identified 2 rice varieties,Swarnaprabha and Kattamodan,with less leaf rolling,better drought recovery ability as well as relative water content,increased membrane stability index,osmolyte accumulation,and antioxidant enzyme activities pointed towards their degree of tolerance to drought stress.The positive adaptive responses of these rice varieties towards drought stress can be used in the genetic improvement of rice drought resistance breeding program. 相似文献
6.
Two rice genotypes with different drought tolerance,namely Jin 23B(drought tolerant)and Zhenshan 97B(drought sensitive),were used to study the antioxidant enzyme activities,soluble sugar and starch contents in spikelets,pistil water potential and pollen number on a stigma under water-deficit stress at the flowering stage,which were involved in the spikelet sterility.Compared with respective controls,drought stress induced more serious decreases of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)ac... 相似文献
7.
外源钙对镍胁迫下水稻幼苗抗氧化酶活性及膜脂过氧化的影响 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
研究了外源钙（Ca2+）对镍胁迫下水稻叶片组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）的活性、H2O2和丙二醛（MDA）含量以及质膜电解质渗透的影响,以探讨钙缓解植物镍毒性的生理机制。0.1 mmol/L镍（Ni2+）胁迫下水稻叶片组织SOD、CAT和APX活性明显下降,POD活性明显上升,H2O2和MDA含量、电解质渗漏率显著增大,说明镍诱导了细胞发生明显的氧化损伤和膜脂过氧化;钙提高了镍胁迫下叶片组织中SOD、CAT、POD和APX活性,显著降低了H2O2、MDA含量和电解质渗漏率,且10 mmol/L Ca2+处理的抗氧化酶活性上升的程度和H2O2、MDA含量和电解质渗漏率下降的程度比5 mmol/L Ca2+处理的大。提示钙通过促进镍胁迫下水稻叶片组织抗氧化酶活性,增强活性氧清除能力,维持细胞膜结构的稳定,是钙减轻镍对水稻毒性的生理机制之一。 相似文献
8.
在非生物胁迫条件下,海藻糖可以提高植物的抗逆性,减少逆境胁迫对植物组织的伤害,维持植物的相对正常生长。为了解其具体的作用机制,以小麦为材料,通过检测高温胁迫及室温恢复过程中丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、超氧自由基(O·-2)含量、抗氧化物质[抗坏血酸(AsA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)]含量、抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)]活性及其基因转录的表达调控,以探究外源海藻糖对小麦幼苗抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明,在高温胁迫下外源海藻糖处理主要提高了AsA含量,增强了CAT和APX活性,同时上调了Mn-SOD、Cu/ZnSOD、CAT、POD和APX的相对表达量,从而降低了MDA及H2O2的产生。而随后的室温恢复过程基本与高温胁迫的结果一致,也提高了这些酶的基因转录水平以及AsA含量,主要差别是对抗氧化酶活性的影响,即室温恢复阶段外源海藻糖主要提高了POD和APX活性。综合来看,外源海藻糖在小麦幼苗的高温胁迫及室温恢复过程中,通过促进抗氧化酶基因的上调表达,提高抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物质含量,以酶促和非酶促两种机制共同清除高温胁迫产生的活性氧,减少氧化胁迫的损伤,维持小麦幼苗的生长。 相似文献
9.
Khosravinejad F Heydari R Farboodnia T 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(6):905-909
In this study, we investigated antioxidant responses of activities of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) and Guaiacol Peroxidase (GPX) to saline stress in two barley varieties named Hordeum vulgare L. var. Afzal and var. EMB82-12 treated with 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM NaCl for 3 days. The MDA content of Afzal plants grown under different salt regimes remained nearly constant but it largely increased in EMB82-12 plants under the same conditions. There was a linear and significant correlation in CAT, APX, SOD, GPX activities in Afzal plants in response to increased salt concentration. The strong and positive correlation between antioxidant enzymes and salt concentrations, may account for the MDA level of Afzal plants remaining constant in response to different salt regimes. In general, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased in the root and shoot under saline stress. But the increase was more significant and consistent in the root. Among the antioxidant enzymes, CAT activity was increased the most drastically. 相似文献
10.
为探讨5-羟色胺（又名血清素）对油菜耐旱性的调节作用,以中双11号为材料,通过水培试验,采用PEG6000 (polyethylene glycol)胁迫模拟干旱,分析了干旱条件下施加外源5-羟色胺对油菜幼苗生长、活性氧代谢及渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明,在干旱模拟胁迫下,油菜的生长受到抑制,过氧化氢（H2O2）、丙二醛（malonadialdehyde,MDA）、脯氨酸（proline,Pro）以及可溶性糖(soluble sugar,SS)的含量明显增加,过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ascorbate peroxidase,APX）的活性显著提高。在干旱模拟条件下施加外源5-羟色胺可以缓解干旱对油菜幼苗的不良影响,促进其生长。与单纯干旱模拟条件下的幼苗相比,添加外源5-羟色胺显著地提高了CAT、SOD、APX的活性,减少了过氧化氢和丙二醛的积累,同时渗透调节物质脯氨酸与可溶性糖含量显著增加。以上结果说明,外源5-羟色胺通过增加油菜幼苗的抗氧化酶活性来清除过多的过氧化氢和丙二醛,减轻膜脂过氧化反应,同时提高渗透调节物质含量从而缓解干旱胁迫对油菜幼苗的不利因素,促进油菜幼苗生物量积累,提高油菜幼苗的耐旱能力。 相似文献
11.
亚精胺对淹水胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和生理特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以耐涝性不同的品种浚单20(XD20)和登海662(DH662)为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,研究外源亚精胺(Spd)对淹水胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,淹水胁迫下,外施Spd增加两个玉米品种的地上部干重、株高、相对干重增长速率(RDIR)和相对含水量(RWC),降低活性氧(ROS)和丙二醛(MDA)的积累,提高叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和还原性抗坏血酸(As A)含量。外施Spd也使叶片中脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量升高。外施Spd增强了淹水胁迫下玉米幼苗的抗氧能力和渗透调节能力,渍涝敏感品种DH662的反应更为敏感。 相似文献
12.
《水稻科学》2017,(4)
Three popular traditional rice landraces, namely Kalajeera, Machakanta and Haladichudi, from Koraput, India were used to analyse the leaf traits and antioxidant defence for drought tolerance. When rice plants were exposed to different levels of drought stress by varying concentrations of polyethylene glycol(PEG) 6000, seed germination and growth parameters were significantly declined in all the rice landraces compared to the control. Drought stress also altered the leaf phenotypic traits based on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll index, with more significant differences in susceptible variety IR64 than in traditional landraces. Furthermore, activities of antioxidative enzymes and proline and protein contents overtly increased under drought stress. The traditional rice landraces showed higher relative ratios for different parameters compared to the susceptible variety IR64. Taken together,the traditional landraces had superior leaf physiological efficiency compared to the susceptible and tolerant check varieties under drought stress. 相似文献
13.
The potential of nitric oxide for reducing oxidative damage induced by drought stress in two turfgrass species,creeping bentgrass and tall fescue 
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下载免费PDF全文 A. Hatamzadeh A. Molaahmad Nalousi M. Ghasemnezhad M. H. Biglouei 《Grass and Forage Science》2015,70(3):538-548
Drought stress is a major factor‐limiting grass growth. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases under stress conditions and causes cell oxidative damage. This study investigated the effect of sodium nitroprusside [a nitric oxide (NO) donor] treatment on drought stress in two turfgrass species, creeping bentgrass and tall fescue. Physiological characteristics such as relative water content (RWC), ion leakage, chlorophyll and proline content, and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) were evaluated after 40 d drought stress and in the recovery stage. Results showed that nitric oxide (NO) treatment, especially 150 μm , could maintain significantly higher RWC and reduce ion leakage under drought stress conditions in both species. Furthermore, both turfgrass species showed higher chlorophyll and proline content after drought stress period when sprayed with NO, while chlorophyll and proline content of control plants declined. Drought stress significantly reduced SOD and APX activity, while NO treatment induced higher SOD and APX activity under drought conditions. After recovery, leaf RWC returned to the control level; however, NO‐sprayed plants showed higher RWC compared to controls. Both turfgrass species exhibited lower chlorophyll content at the recovery stage when exposed to severe drought stress, and NO application increased chlorophyll content compared to controls. No significant differences were found between NO treatment and control plants for proline and SOD activity, but APX activity of NO‐sprayed plants was higher than in the control plants. These results suggest that foliar application of NO may alleviate drought stress in turfgrass by maintaining membrane stability and inducing antioxidant enzyme activity. 相似文献
14.
5-氨基乙酰丙酸促进水稻耐低温光抑制与抗氧化酶活性有关 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了喷施250 mg/L 5 氨基乙酰丙酸（ALA）明显提高水稻对低温光抑制适应能力的主要机制。低浓度的ALA提高水稻耐低温强光的主要机制不是通过叶黄素循环加强热耗散,而是通过显著增加叶绿体抗氧化酶系统中抗坏血酸过氧化酶（APX）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）的活性,减少超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的下降,从而降低过氧化氢（H2O2）的含量,减轻PSⅡ的光抑制。而且,APX活性的增加可能是由于亚铁血红素库积累而引起的。 相似文献
15.
烟草苗期冷害是影响烟草农业生产的一个重要问题,通过各种农艺措施来提高烟苗抗冷性有重要的实际意义。以2个烟草主栽品种‘云烟97’和‘K326’为材料,用浓度为0、0.5、1.0、1.5 mmol/L的水杨酸（SA）对其幼苗进行预处理后进行10℃的低温处理12 d。结果表明,与未处理的对照相比,SA预处理能显著降低‘云烟97’和‘K326’幼苗在低温胁迫过程中叶片的丙二醛（MDA）含量和电解质渗漏率,减缓干物质的消耗速度,增加叶绿素含量和增强根系活力,改善幼苗的根长、表面积、体积和根尖数,促进根系的生长,最终提高烟草幼苗的抗冷性。不同品种有不同的适宜的SA浓度,‘云烟97’的最适浓度为1.5 mmol/L,‘K326’的最适浓度为1.0 mmol/L;SA预处理后,与未预处理的对照相比,在进入低温处理前和低温处理期间,烟草幼苗抗氧化系统中的主要抗氧化剂还原型抗坏血酸（ASA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量均保持在较高的水平,而氧化型ASA和GSH含量则保持在较低水平,还原型抗氧化剂在总抗氧化剂中的比例提高;主要的抗氧化酶抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、愈创木酚过氧化物酶（GP... 相似文献
16.
干旱胁迫下外源海藻糖对糯玉米幼苗生理特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以苏玉糯5号为供试材料,研究干旱胁迫条件下外源海藻糖对糯玉米幼苗根系和叶片抗氧化系统及渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著降低叶片叶绿素含量和根系活力,喷施外源海藻糖后这两类物质含量增加。干旱胁迫下喷施外源海藻糖增加玉米根系和叶片中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、抗坏血酸(AsA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,增强糯玉米幼苗根系和叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等活性,降低超氧阴离子产生速率(O2-)、丙二醛(MDA)等含量。外源海藻糖处理下叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、AsA和GSH含量增加幅度大于根系,叶片中丙二醛含量降幅大于根系。表明喷施外源海藻糖缓解干旱胁迫对叶片伤害效果大于根系。干旱胁迫下喷施外源海藻糖能够增强糯玉米抗旱能力,减小干旱伤害。 相似文献
17.
采用溶液培养方法,研究茉莉酸对玉米幼苗叶片抗镉性的影响。结果表明,镉胁迫显著提高玉米叶片丙二醛(MDA)、H_2O_2含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性,降低过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性,降低叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量及生物量。与单独镉胁迫相比,外源茉莉酸处理可显著提高镉胁迫下叶片CAT、POD、APX和GR活性,显著提高叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量及生物量,显著降低镉胁迫下叶片MDA和H_2O_2含量,从而缓解其造成的伤害。结果表明,外源茉莉酸可明显提高玉米幼苗叶片的抗氧化能力和光合色素含量,从而增加生物量的积累,缓解镉胁迫造成的伤害。 相似文献
18.
旱涝急转对不同花生品种生理生化指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨旱涝急转对花生生理生化的影响,以不同旱涝耐性的3个花生品种中花8号（抗旱）、豫花15（耐涝）和湘花2008（旱涝兼耐）为材料,进行不同梯度的先旱、后涝连续处理,比较不同花生品种的叶片相对含水量,过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性,以及丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化情况。结果表明,在旱、涝急转的胁迫过程中,干旱对叶片相对含水量的影响甚于湿涝。一定强度的旱或涝胁迫总体上均可使花生叶片的4种抗氧化酶POD、SOD、CAT、GR活性提高,随着胁迫的加深活性降低,复水后活性回落至对照水平,且旱甚于涝。MDA含量总体变化趋势是干旱胁迫下各品种花生叶片中MDA含量有所升高,并于复水解除干旱胁迫后恢复至对照水平;而湿涝处理阶段,MDA含量呈直线上升趋势,在胁迫解除后有所降低。中花8号、豫花15、湘花2008等3个花生品种具有显著不同的水分适应性,中花8号抗旱性更强而耐涝性较弱,豫花15抗旱性较弱而耐涝性强,湘花2008抗旱性中等而耐涝性更强,为水分广适性品种。 相似文献
19.
采用10%聚乙二醇6000模拟干旱胁迫,研究稀土元素钕对干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗根系抗旱性的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著提高根系丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,显著降低了过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱苷肽转移酶(GST)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性,显著降低抗坏血酸(As A)和谷胱苷肽(GSH)含量及根系生物量。干旱胁迫加剧了根系的氧化胁迫,玉米幼苗根系通过增强抗氧化酶活性抵抗干旱胁迫。外源氯化钕(NdCl_3)处理可显著提高干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗根系抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT、GST、GPX活性,显著提高AsA和GSH含量和根系生物量,显著降低MDA和H_2O_2含量,对APX活性无显著影响。盆栽实验结果进一步说明,NdCl_3对轻度和中度土壤干旱下玉米幼苗抗旱性均具有促进作用,对中度土壤干旱下玉米幼苗的抗旱性促进作用更佳。NdCl_3可提高玉米幼苗根系的抗旱能力,缓解干旱胁迫造成的伤害。 相似文献
20.
铝对茶树叶片抗氧化系统的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以茶树幼苗为材料,研究不同浓度铝处理培养基(沙)下,茶树叶片抗氧化系统中保护酶活性的变化.结果表明:施铝的茶树叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、愈创木酚过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著高于不施铝的,而SOD活性却显著低于不施铝的.随着供铝浓度的增大,茶树叶片SOD、APX、CAT、POD均无显著变化.说明抗氧化酶活性的变化能较好的反映出茶树缺铝状况和适量铝可以促进茶树生长的情况. 相似文献