共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
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为探究较好的高粱大豆合理间作模式，选用中高秆高粱辽杂 19、矮秆高粱辽杂 37 和大豆辽豆 29 作为试验材料，设置 3 种高粱和大豆间作比例，分别为 2∶2、4∶2、2∶4，3 个品种单作为对照，分析不同株高高粱品种和大豆间作对高粱生物性状和产量的影响。结果表明，与单作模式对比，合理的间作模式有利于提高高粱茎粗，增加高粱干物质积累，中高秆品种辽杂 19 高粱大豆在间作比例 2∶4 处理下产量最高，为 10141.8kg/hm2，矮秆品种辽杂 37 在间作比例 2∶2 处理下产量最高，为8897.5kg/hm2。以上 2 个处理增产效果最明显，间作效果最好，是较为合理的间作模式，在辽西地区农业生产中具有很好的应用价值。 相似文献
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玉米是北疆的主要粮食作物之一,而油莎豆行业发展缓慢,但其营养价值高,是一种新型经济作物。我国耕地面积少,间作不仅有助于增加农田作物多样性,还可以提升单位面积的作物产量。本试验设置3种种植模式,分别为玉米■油莎豆,单作油莎豆,单作玉米,分析玉米、油莎豆的农艺性状、根系形态结构与分布特征、产量构成因素,及其对作物生长发育与产量的影响。结果表明：间作模式增加了油莎豆的株高和叶绿素SPAD值,降低了玉米的株高和SPAD值,提高了玉米和油莎豆根系的分布范围。玉米■油莎豆的土壤当量比LER=1.68>1,该模式模式具有间作优势。 相似文献
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为了选择长江流域旱地作物适宜的耕作方式,增加作物产量、改善品质以及获得更高的经济效益和促进旱地农业可持续发展。本研究归纳了国内外关于间作对旱地作物产量、品质、农艺性状、光合特性、养分吸收及生态环境影响等方面的研究情况。间作系统各作物的总产量（或收益）高于其任一单作系统;间作能显著改善作物的品质;间作能够使各作物在时空与水肥利用上具有互补性;间作群体在辐射截获和利用总效率上不低于其任一作物的单作群体;间作系统的土壤水分含量及利用率、土壤养分利用效率高于单作系统;间作的两种作物对养分吸收存在竞争与促进关系,可提高肥料利用效率,减少肥料损失率;间作系统能够集约利用光、温、水等自然资源。针对长江流域旱地作物间作存在的问题,提出了4条研究方向。 相似文献
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为了充分利用土地自然资源,探究绿色高产高效的棉花高粱间作模式,在山东省滨州市以‘冀梁2号’和‘鲁6269’为实验材料,设置4个间作模式处理,分析不同间作模式对棉花农艺性状、土壤养分含量、产量构成要素、产量以及经济效益的影响。结果表明,棉花高粱间作较棉花单作,棉花株高、果枝数、成铃数均显著提高,皮棉产量提高了0.73%～6.13%,纤维品质略微降低,有效提高土壤速效养分含量。3种间作模式中,4行棉花间作4行高粱模式下产量和经济效益表现最好,较棉花单作皮棉产量提高6.13%,经济效益增收13.79%,可作为山东地区棉花高粱间作模式的最佳行距配置。 相似文献
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旨在探明间作模式对作物产量的影响,为间作措施的合理应用和推广提供理论依据。该研究以单作为对照,利用Meta分析方法定量分析间作对作物产量的影响及其影响因素。结果表明,间作较单作显著降低了作物产量,尤其在温带地区。此外,在地面覆盖和豆科作物条件下,间作也降低了作物产量。然而,当降雨量超过600 mm时,间作较单作的作物产量显著增加了29.6%。而当降雨量小于600 mm时,间作较单作的作物产量降低了18.7%。年均气温也显著影响间作的产量效应,当年均气温高于20℃时,间作较单作的作物产量降低了55.1%,长期间作（>5年）有利于提高产量,然而当年数少于3年时,间作较单作却降低了作物产量。高有机质含量(>20 g/kg)和低有机质含量(1 g/kg)条件下,间作均不利于作物产量提高。与此类似,当土壤全氮高于1.5 g/kg时,间作较单作的作物产量降低48.6%。间作对作物产量的降低幅度在pH 6.5~7.5时是最大的。当土壤有效磷、氮和钾含量分别为>30 mg/kg、 <50 mg/kg和50~100 mg/kg时间作较单作降低作物产量。因此,间作的产量效应受气候、试验年限和土壤性状等多种因素的影响。 相似文献
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大豆种植密度对玉米/大豆间作系统产量形成的竞争效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《作物学报》2021,(10)
旱区作物间作系统是优化作物群体质量、提高产量的一种重要种植方式,从产量构成因子角度探讨作物间作竞争优势机制还鲜见报道。本研究设置3个大豆密度梯度和4个种植比例(玉米与大豆以2∶0、0∶2、2∶2和2∶4间作),分析间作系统的作物竞争指数、产量构成和最终产量的差异性变化,探讨间作群体产量增加的作物竞争机制。结果表明,不同大豆密度和种植比例组合下的间作系统产量提高14%～23%。玉米的实际产量损失大于0,大豆的实际产量损失小于0。间作系统中玉米的穗重、穗长、穗粗、穗粒重、轴重和千粒重均显著高于单作;除结荚长度和主茎节间长度外,间作系统中大豆的单株粒重、单株荚数、单株总粒数、单株有效粒数、主茎节数和百粒重低于单作或与单作间无显著差异。间作系统中玉米的竞争比率大于1,大豆的竞争比率小于1,在3种大豆密度下玉米和大豆的竞争比率分别为2.08、1.84、1.68和0.49、0.56、0.63,表明随着大豆密度的增加,间作中玉米的竞争比率增加的同时大豆的竞争比率降低。玉米的侵占力大于0,大豆的侵占力小于0。玉米产量与轴重、千粒重、穗重、穗粒重、穗长、行粒数呈正相关关系,与秃尖长呈负相关关系。通径分析表明,直接作用中,穗粒重对玉米产量的贡献最大(2.18);间接作用中,轴重、千粒重通过每穗粒重对玉米产量的贡献较大(1.64和1.58)。综上所述,大豆间作玉米有间作优势,间作优势来源于每穗粒重。 相似文献
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间作和施氮是提高饲草作物产量和品质的重要措施,然而,在西北旱区青贮玉米-豆科作物间作系统的适宜施氮量尚不明确。本试验采用二因素随机区组设计,设置3个种植方式(青贮玉米-拉巴豆间作,silagecorn/Dolichos lablabintercropping,SL;青贮玉米-秣食豆间作,silagecorn/foddersoybeanintercropping,SF;青贮玉米单作,silage corn monoculture, S)和4种施氮水平(N1:0 kg hm–2; N2:120 kg hm–2; N3:240 kg hm–2; N4:360 kg hm–2)。分析种植方式和施氮水平对饲草作物产量、品质和水分利用的影响,探索适宜西北旱区的玉-豆间作组合及施氮量。结果表明,与S处理相比, 2019年和2020年SL处理的干草产量分别显著增加8.94%和8.68%,水分利用效率分别显著增加12.28%和8.90%。间作较单作显著提高了饲草作物的粗蛋白和粗灰分含量,显著降低了淀粉和中性洗涤纤维含... 相似文献
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With a view to explore the possibility of developing the most economic and viable intercropping and border-cropping systems with nitrogen management in finger millet, an experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India during summer season (December—March) under garden land condition. Different inter-crops tested were sorghum, sunflower, lady's finger, onion and cluster beans. The study indicated that intercropping and border-cropping in direct sown finger millet under irrigated condition were possible. The best and most remunerative border-crop as well as inter-crop in finger millet was onion. Application of 90 kg N/ha would be sufficient for such a cropping system in a sandy clay loam soil of medium fertility. Onion and cluster beans exhibited companion effect and sunflower and sorghum exerted competitive effect on growth and production of finger millet. 相似文献
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Agronomic Performance of Sorghum and Groundnut Cultivars in Sole and Intercrop Cultivation under Semiarid Conditions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The performance of sorghum and groundnut cultivars was studied in sole cropping and intercropping systems at Babile in the semiarid area of eastern Ethiopia in 1996, 1997 and 1999. On average, late-maturing cultivars of groundnut and sorghum gave higher dry pod yield and grain yield, respectively, when intercropped with early-maturing cultivars of the associated crops. The significant variation among groundnut cultivars in yield and yield components under intercropping with sorghum cultivars revealed that sole cropping may not provide the appropriate environment for selecting varieties intended for use in intercropping. The productivity of intercropped groundnut and sorghum cultivars, as determined by total land equivalent ratios (LER), was higher than sole cropping, indicating the presence of temporal complementarity in the use of growth resources. A mean yield advantage of 32 % was obtained under intercropping. 相似文献
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西南地区不同套种模式对土壤肥力及经济效益的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨不同作物组合的种植模式对土壤肥力及经济效益的影响,寻找作物搭配合理、低投入高产出的套作模式。采用单因素随机区组试验,研究比较了4种套作模式(小麦/玉米/大豆、小麦/玉米/甘薯、小麦/高粱/大豆、马铃薯/玉米/大豆)的土壤肥力、产量及经济效益的差异。连续种植3年后,各种植模式的土壤养分含量基本维持或得到提升(速效钾除外)。甘薯茬口对全钾、速效钾消耗均较大,需适当提高钾肥用量。小麦/玉米/甘薯的总产量最高,小麦/玉米/大豆模式的大豆单产量最高,小麦的单产各模式无显著差异。不同模式收益表现为,小麦/玉米/大豆马铃薯/玉米/大豆小麦/玉米/甘薯小麦/高粱/大豆;产投比表现为,小麦/玉米/大豆马铃薯/玉米/大豆小麦/玉米/甘薯小麦/高粱/大豆。小麦/玉米/大豆收益为14196.41元/hm~2,产投比为3.69:1,均为所有模式中最高,加之大豆茬口可以活化土壤养分,是相对理想的套作模式。 相似文献
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A field experiment was conducted on deep vertisols of Bhopal, India to study the effects of three levels of nitrogen (N), namely 0, 75 and 100 % of the recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN), on the dry matter accumulation (DMA) and productivity of three cropping systems (sole soybean, sole sorghum and soybean + sorghum intercropping) during the rainy season and their residual effect on the subsequent wheat crop during the post-rainy season. During the rainy season, sole sorghum was found to have significantly higher DMA and productivity in terms of soybean equivalent yield (SEY) than sole soybean or soybean + sorghum intercropping. Increasing the N dose from 0 to 100 % RDN significantly improved the DMA and SEY. At a low fertility level (N0 ), soybean + sorghum intercropping was found to be more productive, while at a high fertility level (100 % RDN), sole sorghum was more productive than the other two cropping systems. However, during the post-rainy season, sole soybean as the preceding crop gave the highest DMA and seed yield of wheat, which were similar to those found with soybean + sorghum intercropping. Sorghum followed by wheat gave the lowest DMA and seed yield of wheat. Application of 100 % RDN irrespective of cropping system during the preceding crop improved the DMA of wheat but not its seed yield. However, N applied to the wheat crop significantly increased its DMA and seed yield. 相似文献
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When one of the crops is a legume, intercropping has potential to reduce fertilizer nitrogen (N) needs and increase food quality. Total dry matter (DM) and grain yields of different plant populations of intercropped maize ( Zea mays L.) and climbing beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cowpeas ( Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.), or velvet beans ( Mucuna pruriens [L.] DC. var utilis [Wight] Bruck.) were compared in two experiments. Maize populations were 40,400 and 50,500 plants ha−1 in combination with climbing bean populations of 0, 20,200, 40,400 and 80,800 plants ha−1 in Experiment 1. In the second experiment, climbing beans, cowpeas and velvet beans at 215,200 plants ha−1 were intercropped with maize at 64,600 plants ha−1 . Climbing beans contributed up to 5% to total DM yields in the first experiment. In the second experiment legume contributions to total DM were 20% for climbing beans, 12% for cowpeas and 8% for velvet beans. Increasing populations of maize and climbing beans increased grain and DM yields. Dry matter yield of maize was lowered by intercropping. However, DM yields of the intercrop were not different to maize sole cropped. Maize/cowpeas produced more total DM than maize/climbing beans. Cowpeas increased the total yield of crude protein by over 15% without lowering total DM yield of the intercrop compared to maize alone and are promising as a legume for intercropping with maize. Climbing beans show little promise as a possible legume for intercropping with maize. 相似文献
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Intercropping of sorghum and pearl millet with different growth cycles is used widely in third-world countries to ensure and increase yields. However, it is questionable whether yield increases because of intercropping can be maintained under more developed systems, since temporal differences are necessary to allow mechanized planting and harvesting.
Three sorghum hybrids with expected growth cycles from 90 to 110 days were planted in sole stands and in alternate rows and mixed within the rows with a pearl millet hybrid having a growth cycle similar to that of the early sorghum. Sole stands of millet also were included. The plots were planted at three locations in Kansas, two dryland and one including dryland and irrigated. Results show that yields were consistently highest in sole stands of sorghum, owing to the higher yield level of sorghum. No yield increase could be found on a land equivalent ratio basis, indicating no intercropping advantages. However, under good moisture conditions, a tendency toward yield increase was observed with the later maturing sorghums, which had 1–2 weeks of grain filling after the millet was mature. When moisture supply was insufficient, millet showed higher competitiveness for water than sorghum, and sorghum was adversely affected more than pearl millet was favored. It was concluded that moisture conditions have to be good and that temporal differences between sorghum and millet have to be greater than those used in this experiment to achieve intercropping yield advantages. 相似文献
Three sorghum hybrids with expected growth cycles from 90 to 110 days were planted in sole stands and in alternate rows and mixed within the rows with a pearl millet hybrid having a growth cycle similar to that of the early sorghum. Sole stands of millet also were included. The plots were planted at three locations in Kansas, two dryland and one including dryland and irrigated. Results show that yields were consistently highest in sole stands of sorghum, owing to the higher yield level of sorghum. No yield increase could be found on a land equivalent ratio basis, indicating no intercropping advantages. However, under good moisture conditions, a tendency toward yield increase was observed with the later maturing sorghums, which had 1–2 weeks of grain filling after the millet was mature. When moisture supply was insufficient, millet showed higher competitiveness for water than sorghum, and sorghum was adversely affected more than pearl millet was favored. It was concluded that moisture conditions have to be good and that temporal differences between sorghum and millet have to be greater than those used in this experiment to achieve intercropping yield advantages. 相似文献
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双季糯高粱间作大豆田间配置方式优化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了减轻双季糯高粱连作障碍,优化双季糯高粱、大豆田间配置结构,提高两季作物产量效益,以常规双季糯高粱‘国窖红1 号’、‘南豆12’为试验材料,研究不同田间配置方式对糯高粱、大豆复合种植、净作模式下产量、效益的影响。结果表明：复种模式下作物总产量、总产值均高于双季糯高粱、大豆净作模式,头季糯高粱产量、千粒重、穗粒重和穗长随厢宽的增加而降低,再生季糯高粱、大豆表现为先增后减的趋势;双季糯高粱总产量最高的为1.7 m开厢处理,达8352.9 kg/hm2,大豆产量最高为1.8 m开厢处理,达1888.95 kg/hm2,两作物总产值、净收益以1.7 m 开厢处理最高,分别为47293.92 kg/hm2、29976.42 kg/hm2,其次为1.8 m开厢处理,以上两处理为最优田间配置方式。产投比以净作双季糯高粱最大,净作大豆最低。 相似文献
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为探讨绿豆/黑豆还田和减施化肥条件下,间作绿肥压青还田对宿根甘蔗生长的影响及绿肥还田和有机肥施用对化肥的替代作用。试验设计了常规施肥（CK）、化肥减施25%+12%营养元素当量绿豆绿肥还田+13%营养元素当量有机肥（H-LY）、化肥减施25%+全量绿豆还田（H-LQ）、化肥减施25%+25%营养元素当量有机肥（H-Y）、化肥减施25%+25%营养元素当量黑豆绿肥还田（H-HD）和化肥减施25%+全量黑豆还田（H-HQ）6个处理。结果表明,与CK处理相比,宿根蔗间作绿豆和黑豆压青还田对甘蔗株高、有效茎数和单茎重没有显著影响,所有处理的蔗茎产量与CK处理无显著差异,说明宿根蔗间作绿豆和黑豆绿肥压青还田、当量有机肥施用均可以替代25%的甘蔗化肥。 相似文献
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Field experiments were carried out under unstressed conditions of soil water during two summer crop growing seasons (1998–99 and 1999–2000 seasons) in a South African semi‐arid region (Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa). The aim of this study was to investigate shade effects on beans intercropped with maize in terms of plant mass and radiation use. The experimental treatments were two cropping systems (no shading/sole cropping and shading/intercropping) and two row orientations (north–south and east–west). At the top of bean canopies shaded by maize, incident radiation was reduced by up to 90 %. Shading reduced total dry matter of beans by 67 % at the end of the growing season, resulting in yield losses. The dry matter partitioning into leaf and stem (the ratios of leaf and stem to total biomass) was about 50 % higher in intercropping than sole cropping. In contrast, intercropped beans had 40 % lower dry matter partitioning into pod (the ratio of pod to total biomass). Fraction of radiation intercepted by sole‐cropped beans steeply increased until canopy closure (0.9) and then slowly decreased, while fraction of radiation intercepted by intercropped beans remained constant between 0.0 and 0.2 throughout the growing seasons. However, intercropped beans had 77 % higher radiation use efficiency (RUE) than sole‐cropped beans. In contrast, for maize, no effect of intercropping (shading) was found on growth, partitioning, yield, radiation interception or RUE. Consequently, lower bean yield losses can be attained in association with late shading rather than early shading. This can be controlled by growing crops with different temporal and spatial treatments. As regards row treatment, no effect of row direction was found on growth, partitioning, yield, radiation interception or RUE. 相似文献