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1.
乌鲁木齐达坂城地区是新疆湿地分布比较集中的地区之一,包括河流、沼泽、湖泊和池塘等。2010年7-8月,先后2次在该地区采集藻类标本,在对标本鉴定过程中,发现新疆鼓藻属新记录有6种,分别为双眼鼓藻（Cosmarium bioculatum）、扁鼓藻（C.depressum）、丘凸鼓藻（C.ochthodes）、厚皮鼓藻（C.pachydermum）、斑点鼓藻（C.punctulatum）和直角鼓藻（C. rectangulare）,并描述了其形态学特征。这些新记录的发现,丰富了新疆鼓藻属植物的研究资料。  相似文献   

2.
基于标本和文献,对新疆丝瓜藓属（Pohlia Hedw.）进行全面修订,更正了此前部分标本的错误鉴定,将卵蒴丝瓜藓(Pohlia proligera)和糙枝丝瓜藓(P.camptotrachela)从本区名录中移除,将多态丝瓜藓(P.minor)归并为丝瓜藓多态变种(P.elongata var.greenii)的异名,新增新疆丝瓜藓属新纪录2种：拟长蒴丝瓜藓(P.longicollis)和小丝瓜藓狭叶变种(P.crudoides var.revolvens)。[WTBZ]现已知新疆丝瓜藓属有8种,2变种,种数约占全国的1/3。通过分析各个种的识别特征、与相近种的区别和生境,编制了新疆丝瓜藓属分种检索表。  相似文献   

3.
自沙芥属(Pugionium Gaertn.)建立以来,本属先后发表了5种及1变种。但就个别种或变种的存在与否及其分布问题,学术界长期以来一直存在争议。作者经查阅标本及在几种植物的主要分布区进行实地调查,通过对本属植物根、叶的形态解剖学结构及种子特性等方面比较研究,认为:本属植物共4种,即沙芥(P. cornutum Gaertn.)、斧形沙芥(P. dolabratum Maxim.)、距沙芥(P. calcaratum Kom.)和翅果沙芥(P. pterocarpum Kom.)。作者同意齿冠沙芥(P. cristatum Kom.)应与斧形沙芥合并,至于宽翅沙芥(P. dolabratum var. platypterum H. L. Yang)实际上就是翅果沙芥(P. pterocarpum Kom.),应予归并。  相似文献   

4.
新疆阿魏属及其相近属间的分类学研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
1、引言阿魏属(Ferula L)是Linnaeus于1753年建立的,全世界现有150余种,主要分布于地中海地区,非洲北部、西亚和中亚地区,我国有25种,主产新疆(20种)。按Drude建立的伞形科分类系统,阿魏属隶属于芹亚科、前胡族(Peucedaneac Drude)、阿魏亚族(Ferulinae Drude)。我国有阿魏亚族植物8属,新疆产6属,其中3属仅产新疆,它们是簇花芹属(Soranthus Ledb.),球根阿魏属(Schumannia Kuntz.)和伊犁芹属(Talassia Korov.)。簇花芹属和球根阿魏属均为单种属,生于沙地和沙丘,前者分布于苏联哈萨克斯坦和西西伯利亚地区,以及我国的新疆;后者分布于苏联中亚、伊朗、巴基斯坦,在我国也仅产新疆。伊犁芹属含2种,生长在山地,分布于苏联中亚地区,我国1  相似文献   

5.
喀纳斯国家级自然保护区苔藓生态群落调查   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过对喀纳斯自然保护区苔藓植物的多年野外调查,结合前人的研究,记录有50科105属242种(含变种)。喀纳斯自然保护区的苔藓植物群落可划分为4个生态类型,即水生苔藓群落类型(bryo-hydrophytia type)、土生苔藓群落类型(bryo-geophytia type)、石生苔藓群落类型(bryo-petrophytia type)、木生苔藓群落类型(bryo-ep ixylo-phytia type)。  相似文献   

6.
根据历年采自新疆各地区的350号木灵藓属Orthotrichum 植物标本,在查阅大量文献的基础上,通过经典分类学方法,对新疆木灵藓属植物进行了整理、鉴定和分类。结果表明：新疆有木灵藓属植物5亚属、17种,包括裸孔亚属subg. Gymnoporus (6种) 、直叶亚属subg. Orthophyllum (1种)、疣叶亚属subg. Pulchella (5种)、圆孔亚属subg. Phaneroporum (1种)、木灵藓亚属subg. Orthotrichum (4种),其中高山木灵藓Orthotrichum alpestre Hornsch. ex B.S.G为中国新记录种;中国木灵藓O. hookeri Wils. ex Mitt.、东亚木灵藓O. ibukiense Toy.、短丛木灵藓O. pumilum Sw. 和卷叶木灵藓O. revolutum C. Muell. 为新疆新记录种。通过对新疆新记录种的生境、识别特征、采集地点、地理分布、海拔等信息的整理分析,绘制了4个种的线条图,并编制了新疆木灵藓属植物的分亚属和分种检索表。  相似文献   

7.
通过对大别山安徽段山区所采集地衣标本的整理,利用光学生物显微镜、电子显微镜,观察其解剖结构扫描,并采用薄层层析等方法进行详细的分类学鉴定,发现一个新记录属安子纳属(Anzina Scheid.）和一个新纪录种[WTBX]〔Anzina carneonivea (Anzi.) Scheid.〕。对其分布范围、化学成分、解剖结构和鉴别特征进行了简要概括。
  相似文献   

8.
新疆棘豆属物种多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
新疆棘豆属植物有98种2变种,占中国棘豆属总种数的67.1%,其中新疆特有种7种,中国新疆仅分布种58种,特有种与新疆仅分布种共占65%,所占比例较高.棘豆属在新疆的11个植被区域中均有分布,最丰富的地区为准噶尔和天山地区,尤以天山山系种类最多,它们是棘豆属现代分布与起源分化中心之一;绝大部分种类(约99%)集中分布在海拔1 001～5 000 m的山区,尤其在1 001～4 000 m最丰富,在2 001～3 000 m分布最多;植物生活型以地面芽植物为主,高达96%,地上芽植物仅占4%.植物区系与其邻近的青海省和西藏关系最为密切,相似性系数分别为28.8%和28.6%,与内蒙古和甘肃联系相对较弱;与邻国哈萨克斯坦关系最密切,相似性系数高达65.2%,其次是西西伯利亚和吉尔吉斯斯坦,相似性系数分别为41.8%和41.0%,与蒙古、塔吉克斯坦和巴基斯坦的相似性系数较低,分别为29.2%,22.8%和11.6%,联系相对较弱.  相似文献   

9.
通过对北疆、东疆杂草的野外实地调查,利用《中国植物志》等相关资料和形态分类学研究方法,本团队在阿勒泰、伊犁、昌吉、塔城和哈密等地区发现苋属Amaranthus外来杂草新记录植物4种。本研究发现,新疆苋属Amaranthus 3个新记录种和1个新记录变种,即绿穗苋Amaranthus hybridus L.、鲍氏苋A. powellii S. Watson、皱果苋A.viridis L.和短苞反枝苋A. retroflexus L. var. delilei (Richter&Loret) Thell.。绿穗苋在伊犁新源县、乌鲁木齐市、哈密市均有小居群分布;皱果苋在乌苏车排子垦区、吐鲁番市高昌区、哈密市伊州区等地有多个居群分布;鲍氏苋仅在哈密市巴里坤县有分布;短苞反枝苋仅在石河子市有少量分布。这些新记录植物的发现对新疆苋科苋属植物区系和物种多样性研究具有重要意义,也为该新记录种的地理分布研究、入侵杂草的扩散与有效监测提供了重要依据和新资料。  相似文献   

10.
江苏省玉米茎腐病菌种类鉴定   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
作者于1992～1995年,从江苏省玉米主产区采集的玉米茎腐病标样中分离获得105个菌株,经鉴定,致病菌种类有肿囊腐霉(Pythium inflatum)、禾生腐霉(P.graminicola)、串珠镰孢浙江变种(Fusarium moniliforme var.zhejiangensis)、串珠镰孢中间变种(F.moniliforme var.intermedium)、串珠镰孢胶孢变种(F.moniliforme var.subglutinans)、禾谷镰孢(F.graminearum)、拟枝孢镰孢厚膜变种(F.sporotrichioides var.chlamydosporum)、尖孢镰孢芬芳变种(F.oxysporum var.redolens)、接骨木镰孢(F.sambucinum)、茄病镰孢(F.solani)、半裸镰孢(F.semitectum)等11个种或变种。其中串珠镰孢浙江变种出现频率最高,占44.8％,肿囊腐霉和禾生腐霉致病力最强,这两类菌是江苏玉米茎腐病主要病原。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

15.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

16.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

17.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

18.
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.  相似文献   

19.
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.  相似文献   

20.
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.  相似文献   

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