共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
为探讨和面仪在新疆小麦品种加工新疆拉面品质评价中的作用,2007-2008年选用28个新疆冬小麦品种为试验材料,研究了和面仪参数与粉质仪参数及新疆拉面加工品质指标间的关系。结果表明,粉质仪与和面仪参数关系密切,除吸水率、峰值高度外,其他参数间的相关性均达到极显著水平,说明这两种仪器测定面团特性的效果基本相同。和面仪参数峰值时间、8分钟宽度、8分钟面积与粉质仪稳定时间的对应关系最好,其次是峰值宽度,峰值高度与稳定时间的对应关系最差。和面仪、粉质仪参数与新疆拉面加工品质关系密切,其中和面仪的峰值时间（r=0.634）、峰值宽度（r=0.399）、8分钟宽度（r=0.603）和8分钟面积（r=0.732）以及粉质仪的形成时间（r=0.497）、稳定时间（r=0.589）、评价值（r=0.582）等参数与新疆拉面感官评价总分均呈极显著正相关。此外,和面仪参数与新疆拉面加工品质指标显著的个数要明显多于粉质仪参数,说明和面仪参数与新疆拉面加工品质关系更为密切,和面仪完全可以在优质新疆拉面品种选育工作中用于面团特性的评价和加工品质特性的预测。 相似文献
2.
基于遥感信息和WOFOST模型参数同化的冬小麦单产估算方法研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探讨遥感信息和作物生长模型在作物估产方面的优势互补特性,选取河北省藁城市冬小麦作为研究对象,采集多个关键生育时期的生理生化、农田环境、气象等数据,并获取准同步的环境减灾小卫星HJ-CCD影像数据,采用植被指数反演冬小麦叶面积指数（LAI）,基于扩展傅里叶振幅灵敏度检验法(EFAST)对WOFOST作物模型的26个初始参数进行全局敏感性分析,筛选敏感性参数,调整WOFOST模型的核心参数,利用查找表优化算法构建基于WOFOST模型和遥感LAI数据同化的区域尺度冬小麦单产预测模型,并定量预测区域冬小麦单产水平。结果表明,增强型植被指数（EVI）是遥感反演LAI的最佳植被指数(开花期建模r=0.913,RMSE=0.410,灌浆期建模r=0.798,RMSE=0.470),预测能力最强(开花期r=0.858,RMSE=0.531,灌浆期r=0.861,RMSE=0.428);筛选出6个待优化参数,即TSUM1、SLATB1、SLATB2、SPAN、EFFTB3和TMPF4;产量预测精度r=0.914,RMSE=253.67 kg·hm-2,找到了待优化参数的最佳取值,最终完成了单产模拟。 相似文献
3.
基于上部叶片叶绿素荧光参数的小麦产量预测与评价 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了利用叶绿素荧光快速测定技术实时评价植株光合生产能力以及预测小麦籽粒产量,以豫麦49-198和郑麦9694为试验材料,设置0、90、180、270 kg·hm-24个氮素水平,通过2014-2016年连续两个生长季的田间试验,在小麦主要生育阶段同步测定植株顶部四片完全展开叶的净光合速率（Pn）、叶绿素荧光参数及叶面积。结果表明,Pn和叶绿素荧光参数因生育时期、氮素水平和叶片位置的不同呈现规律性变化。叶绿素荧光参数Fm′、Fv′、Fv′/Fm′ 和 Fs与Pn 相关性较好,且相关系数（r）均随叶位的降低而降低,其中,Fm′与Pn的相关性最好。将叶面积与对应的净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数组合出光合性状累积量指标,与Pn 相比,光合累积量与产量的相关性显著提高。组合顶部四片叶,光合累积量与产量相关性在灌浆前期表现最好（r=0.875）。光适应下荧光参数累积量与产量的相关性表明,顶部两片叶的相关性较单叶片或其他叶位组合均表现较好,相关系数在不同荧光参数、生育时期间差异均较大,以Fm′表现最好,其次是Fv′;生育期间比较,孕穗期至灌浆中期整体较好。总体而言,在灌浆前期,顶部两片叶的Fm′累积量能够较好地预测小麦籽粒产量,为小麦生长诊断和田间管理提供技术支持。 相似文献
4.
新疆冬小麦磨粉品质与面粉及新疆拉面品质的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给新疆冬小麦品种加工新疆拉面的品质改良提供理论依据,选用30个新疆冬小麦品种为试验材料,研究了新疆冬小麦品种磨粉品质与面粉（团）品质性状及新疆拉面加工品质的关系。结果表明,新疆冬小麦品种磨粉品质性状间关系密切,各性状之间相互联系、相互作用;磨粉品质对面粉（团）的主要品质性状具有显著影响,并通过影响面粉（团）品质性状进而影响新疆拉面加工品质,如出粉率、灰分、破损淀粉率通过对面团吸水率、形成时间、延展性、反弹值等品质性状的显著影响进而对新疆拉面表观、适口性、光滑性等产生间接影响。其中,出粉率与拉面的色泽、适口性、光滑性呈显著正相关（r=0.396,0.466,0.475）,灰分与适口性、食味呈显著或极显著负相关（r=-0.364,-0.524）,破损淀粉率与适口性呈极显著正相关（r=0.485）,a*值与食味呈显著负相关（r=-0.565）,而b*值与食味呈显著正相关（r=0.402）。因此,冬小麦品种加工新疆拉面的品质改良中应重视磨粉品质的改良,要注重提高出粉率、降低灰分和破损淀粉率,同时还应改良面粉色泽。对16个适合加工优质新疆拉面的冬小麦品种的磨粉品质性状研究后认为优质新疆拉面的磨粉品质指标为：出粉率≥66.04%,灰分(14%MB)≤0.62%,破损淀粉率≤3.69%,面粉颗粒度≤104.28%,L*≥90.78,a*≥-0.81,b*≤8.54。 相似文献
5.
为了构建小麦黄花叶病的遥感监测技术,在小麦返青期、拔节前期和拔节后期测定了不同黄花叶病等级下的冠层反射率,并同步调查与病害等级相关的小麦株高、含水量、氮含量、色素含量等农学参数,筛选出适宜监测小麦黄花叶病的植被指数,并构建病害等级监测模型。结果表明,小麦黄花叶病的反射光谱敏感波段在返青期和拔节前期集中于560～720 nm范围,而拔节后期则集中于800～900 nm区域。随病害等级的增加,光谱反射率在可见光波段逐渐增加,而在近红外波段区域降低。植被指数与病害等级相关性在不同生育时期间存在显著差异,整体上以拔节前期最好,决定系数(r)为0.72～0.82,而拔节后期模型精度急剧下降(r=0.26～0.72)。在植被指数中,整体上以表征色素变化的mND705模型预测精度最好,r和RMSE分别为 0.59～0.68和0.79～0.98。采用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)建立黄花叶病害分级模型,三个时期的模型精度均高于植被指数模型,且整体上以返青期和拔节期前期估算效果较好,模型验证r为0.93～0.97,RMSE为0.24～0.32。因此,利用PLSR模型可以准确评价返青至拔节期前期小麦黄花叶病害等级。 相似文献
6.
为快速、准确地估测不同生育时期小麦品种（系）株高与叶面积指数（LAI）表型性状，基于各生育时期小麦品种（系）数字正射影像（digital orthophoto map，DOM）和数字表面模型（digital surface model，DSM），分别构建不同生育时期株高估测模型和光谱指数LAI估测模型。借助一元线性回归、多元逐步回归（SMLR）和偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）分析方法，并采用决定系数（r）、均方根误差（RMSE）和归一化均方根误差（nRMSE）综合性评价指标，筛选出小麦不同生育时期最优的株高和LAI估测模型。结果表明，（1）全生育期株高估测效果最好，模型预测值与实测值高度拟合（r、RMSE、nRMSE分别为0.87、5.90 cm、9.29%）；在各生育时期中，灌浆期模型预测精度较好，成熟期预测精度最差，r分别为0.79和0.69。（2）所选的18种光谱指数与LAI相关性均较好，其中BGRI、RGBVI、NRI和NGRDI的相关系数达到极显著水平，且各时期三种回归估测模型均表现出较高的稳定性和拟合效果，其中SMLR回归模型对各生育时期LAI预测精度最好，其拔节期、孕穗期、扬花期、灌浆期和成熟期的预测集r分别为0.68、0.57、0.61、0.68和0.53。这说明，基于无人机获取的不同生育时期小麦DSM影像提取株高，并运用18种光谱指数构建LAI估测模型方法是可行的。 相似文献
7.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol， DON），又名呕吐毒素，是由引起小麦赤霉病的镰刀菌属（Fusarium spp.）产生的一种单端孢霉烯族毒素。为研究不同杀菌剂及其复配制剂对小麦赤霉病及DON的防治效果，分别使用单药剂及其复配制剂进行田间药剂试验，并使用液相色谱串联质谱检测麦粒中DON的含量。2014年在江苏姜堰、建湖和六合3地进行的单药剂试验结果显示，25%丙硫菌唑悬浮剂（SC）、25%氰烯菌酯SC、30%戊唑醇SC和25%多菌灵可湿性粉剂（WP）对赤霉病和DON均有防效，20%嘧菌酯可分散粒剂（WG）的赤霉病防效较差，对DON无防效。25%丙硫菌唑SC较其他4种药剂具有更好的防效，并且在3个试验点效果稳定。2015年在江苏姜堰进行的单药剂及其复配制剂药效试验结果显示，75%百菌清·戊唑醇WP、25%丙硫菌唑SC、25%氰烯菌酯SC和48%氰烯菌酯·戊唑醇SC 4种药剂的赤霉病和DON防效较好，防治后的小麦DON含量均小于1 000 μg·kg-1，符合国家限量标准，与其他药剂差异显著（P<0.05），DON防效均大于70%，分别为76.3%、75.6%、73.6%和72.2%。病情指数、病穗率与DON含量之间的相关性分析结果表明，病情指数与DON含量之间存在显著的正相关（r=0.628，P=0.022），病穗率与DON含量之间无显著相关性（r=0.400，P=0.176）。 相似文献
8.
为探索快速高效测定大麦籽粒中抗性淀粉含量的方法，利用衰减全反射中红外（attenuated total reflection mid-infrared spectroscopy,ATR-MIR）和近红外（near-infrared spectroscopy,NIR）光谱技术，分别用3种不同方法进行预处理，建立大麦样品的抗性淀粉含量快速测定红外模型，通过不同预处理预测模型的校正和内部交叉验证结果的比较，依据决定系数（r）和均方根误差（RMSE）筛选出基于ATR-MIR和NIR光谱的最佳预测模型，再对最佳预测模型进行外部验证。结果表明，经基线位移校正+范围归一化（BOC+RN）预处理后的PLS模型为最佳ATR-MIR预测模型；经标准正态变换+Savitzky-Golay法一阶求导（SNV+1thD）的预处理模型为最佳NIR预测模型。用验证集材料对BOC+RN和SNV+1thD最佳预测模型的预测效果进行外部验证，光谱预测值与化学测定值之间没有显著差异，说明两种方法均可以用于大麦籽粒抗性淀粉含量测定；ATR-MIR光谱比NIR光谱具有更好的预测能力。 相似文献
9.
为了比较不同机器学习算法在干旱半干旱区春小麦叶片水分含量（leaf water content,LWC）遥感监测中的应用效果及筛选最佳波段组合,在田间尺度上,以春小麦冠层高光谱数据为基础,采用两波段组合形式,计算15种光谱参数（比值植被指数RVI、归一化植被指数NDVI、差值植被指数DVI和12种水分植被指数）,通过对抽穗期叶片含水量与光谱参数拟合效果进行对比与分析,分别构建了基于机器学习［人工神经网络（artificial neural network,ANN）、K近邻(K-nearest neighbors,KNN)和支持向量回归(support vector regression,SVR）］和光谱参数的春小麦LWC反演模型,并对模型精度进行验证,以确定有效波段组合。结果表明,小麦抽穗期LWC与冠层高光谱反射率（R784～950）、12种水分植被指数均显著相关（P＜0.01）;波段组合形式有效地优化了两波段指数的波段组合,在800～1 000 nm区间光谱参数（RVI1046,1057、NDVI1272,1279、DVI1272,1279）的波段组合计算明显提升了其对LWC的敏感性;在不同的机器学习算法中,基于两波段组合光谱参数的KNN算法所见模型对LWC的预测效果（r=0.64,RMSE=2.35,RPD=2.01）优于ANN、SVR两种算法。这说明两波段光谱指数和KNN算法在春小麦叶片水分含量的高光谱遥感估算中具有一定的优势。 相似文献
10.
西藏地区青稞籽粒营养品质分析及评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明西藏地区青稞品种间的性状差异及性状间的相关性，筛选优异品质青稞种质，以251个西藏青稞种质资源为材料，测定了籽粒淀粉、粗蛋白、β-葡聚糖、γ-氨基丁酸、大量元素（Ca、P）、微量元素（Fe、Zn、Se）含量共9个品质指标，分析了被测指标间关系。结果表明，所测定的9项品质指标在供试种质资源间均存在不同程度的差异，淀粉含量的变异系数最小，Se含量的变异系数最大；粗蛋白与淀粉含量呈极显著负相关（r= -0.54），粗蛋白与γ-氨基丁酸、Ca、P、Zn、Fe含量均呈极显著正相关。对被测指标进行主成分分析发现，可将9项品质指标简化成3个主成分，其累积方差贡献率为74.5%，其中第一主成分因子的贡献率达到了 48.0%，第一主成分中因子载荷量大的品质指标是Zn、P、Ca、粗蛋白、γ-氨基丁酸、淀粉、Fe含量。综合评价筛选出10个营养品质较高的种质，分别为BJX152、BJX008、BJX149、BJX004、BJX003、BJX015、BJX005、藏青2000、BJX227、喜马拉22号。 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献