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不同栽培条件下凯特杏果实发育过程中香气成分的GC/MS分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用带捕集肼的静态顶空和气相色谱-质谱联用技术研究设施和露地2种栽培条件下凯特杏果实发育过程中香气成分的组成及其变化.结果表明:不同栽培条件下,凯特杏在绿熟期、商熟期和完熟期共检测到61种香气成分,主要成分为醇类和酯类;在果实的不同发育时期,香气成分及其含量差异较大,绿熟期以醇类为主,商熟期和完熟期以酯类为主;露地栽培的香气成分含量明显高于设施栽培;凯特杏酯类化合物含量较高,包括乙酸乙酯、(Z)-丁酸-3-己烯酯、丁酸乙酯等,其含量随着果实的成熟逐渐升高;乙酸丁酯、乙酸己酯、丁酸乙酯、丁酸丁酯、己酸乙酯、2-甲基丙酸己酯、1-己醇、3-己烯-1-醇是凯特杏果实的特征香气成分. 相似文献
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【目的】为探讨不同加工工艺对山核桃油脂营养成分、品质及活性物质的影响。为开发山核桃油的加工工艺及高附加值产品提供理论依据和应用基础。【方法】采用热榨和冷榨两种油脂制备工艺方式,比较不同工艺对山核桃油的油脂含量、脂肪酸组成、油脂中活性物质（褪黑素、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）、角鲨烯）的影响,并且以此作为考核指标,其中脂肪酸组成、香气成分、油脂中活性物质采用气相色谱-质谱法（GC—MS）联用分析仪+谱库+标样的方法;褪黑素用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法。【结果】研究结果表明：山核桃种仁富含脂肪（含量达65%以上）和蛋白质（含量在20%左右）;热榨油中褪黑素的总含量为26.08 ug/g,对照的冷榨山核桃油中褪黑素的总含量为7.62 ug/g,两者相差3.42倍;热榨油中含有EPA、角鲨烯等多种生理活性成分,以及多不饱和脂肪酸的花生四烯酸、EPA和三十碳六烯烃类（角鲨烯,即,2,6,10,15,19,23-六甲基-2,6,10,14,18,22-二十四碳六烯）等成分,但是在冷榨山核桃油中含量较少,或者无;冷榨油中鉴定出23种香味物质,而蒸料压榨油鉴定出46种芳香化合物,所以... 相似文献
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曹州木瓜果实香气物质的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用顶空固相微萃取法提取芳香物质,气相色谱-质谱联机定性定量分析,测定曹州木瓜狮子头、剩花、豆青和玉兰的挥发性物质,并对木瓜不同品种的香气组分进行分析探讨.共测定出145种香气组分,曹州木瓜狮子头、剩花、豆青和玉兰分别为70、70、69和70种,各自占总峰面积的99.88%、99.7%、99.97%、99.37%,以醇类、醛类、烯烷类、酮类、酯类、杂环类等为主,其中又以C6醇(如1-己醇、2,4-己二烯-1-醇、反式-2-甲基-环戊醇等)、C6醛[(E)-2-己烯醛、2-己烯醛、E,E-2,4-己二烯醛等]居多.结果表明:狮子头、剩花、豆青和玉兰不同品种香气组分存在一定的差异,但大部分主要组分相同;主要组分含量差异是曹州木瓜不同品种间香气不同的主要原因. 相似文献
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木瓜（Chaenomeles speciosa）属蔷薇科木瓜属,落叶乔木、小乔木或灌木。在全世界共有5个种,其中4种原产于我国,有光皮木瓜和皱皮木瓜之分。木瓜果实富含有机酸、维生素、胡萝卜素、氨基酸、果胶、黄酮类和钾、镁、钙、锌、铁、锰、磷等多种元素和营养物质,具有很高的食用加工和医疗保健价值。木瓜常见的病虫害主要有梨小食心虫、桃蛀螟、蚜虫、轮纹病等。大量发生时会造成大量的虫果、烂果,严重影响木瓜的产量和质量,甚至造成绝收。其危害特征和综合防治方法是： 相似文献
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白丁香鲜花在不同开花期的香气化学成分研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
采用固相微萃取（SPME）吸附采集白丁香鲜花的挥发性成分。并用GC-MS及总离子流色谱法定量分析了白丁香鲜花的挥发性成分,鉴定出丁香醛A～D、丁香醇A～D、α-蒎烯、桧烯、β-蒎烯、月桂烯、柠檬烯、桉树脑、顺式罗勒烯、苯甲醛、异松油烯、芳樟醇、苯乙醛、α-松油醇、对甲氧基茴香醚、茴香醛、（Z,E）-α-金合欢烯、（E,E）-α-金合欢烯等39种化合物。其中所含的4个丁香醇异构体和4个丁香醛异构体是白丁香鲜花的特征性香气成分,并考察了白丁香在不同开花期挥发性香气成分的变化。SPME-GC-MS是一种可用于分析不同开花期的鲜花香气成分变化的简单可行的分析方法。 相似文献
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用固相微萃取-气质联用分析砂梨汁的香气成分 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为测定砂梨的香气成分,采用顶空固相微萃取对水晶、爱宕砂梨果汁的香气成分进行提取,气相色谱-质谱联用对香气化合物进行分析,结合谱库检索技术和参考文献对化合物进行鉴定．用内标法测定各成分的相对含量,水晶梨汁中共鉴定出挥发性成分23种,主要由2-壬酮（23．08％）、丙酸乙酯（19．51％）、丁酸丁酯（10．32％）、乙醇（9．82％）、乙酸乙酯（8．53％）、绿油脑（4．68％）、乙酸（4．41％）、环己烯（4．29％）等化合物组成;爱宕梨汁中鉴定出挥发性成分11种,主要由2-甲基丁酸乙酯（32．53％）、乙酸乙酯（24．56％）、异丙醇（17．81％）、十一醇（16．02％）、丁酸丁酯（4．59％）等化合物组成． 相似文献
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皱皮木瓜为蔷薇科木瓜属植物,多年生落叶灌木或小乔木,是木瓜属中栽培面积最大、经济价值最高的木瓜品种。具有药用、食用、保健、观赏等多种用途,是近年来国内新兴的一个经济林树种。该文就皱皮木瓜高产栽培技术进行了详细介绍,以便更好地开发利用好皱皮木瓜,为生产服务。 相似文献
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白榆（Ulmus pumila）是我国分布最广、最重要的榆属树种,具有重要的经济和生态价值。然而,由于人们对白榆优良性状认识不足,近年来白榆在科研和生产等方面都未受到应有的重视。文中介绍了白榆资源地理分布情况及其生物学特性,综述了白榆研究（不同自然类型、遗传结构特性、扦插组培快繁、逆境生理响应、病虫害防治和天然活性成分分析）、利用（生态防护、用材、园林观赏和药用等）和我国白榆良种选育（种子园建设及种子区划、选择育种和杂交育种）的现状,提出了我国白榆推广应用的良种化建议,并对白榆未来的研究进行了展望,以期为进一步提升白榆的研究水平、提高白榆利用的生态和经济效益提供参考。 相似文献
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国内外无患子属种质资源研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
无患子属（Sapindus L.）种质资源是无患子产业发展的基础,种质资源研究可为探讨无患子属的起源、进化、分类、资源保护与利用、良种选育、高效栽培等提供科学依据和基础。文中综述了国内外无患子属分类、分布及亲缘关系,种质资源的收集、保存与评价,种质资源多样性等方面的研究进展,得出如下结论:1）世界上无患子属树种共13种,我国分布4种1变种;2）我国多个研究团队收集、保存无患子属种质资源近1 000份,以假种皮皂苷、种子脂肪酸利用为目标,筛选评价出性状优异的9个种源、7个家系和54株优树;3）无患子种质资源在表型、假种皮皂苷、种子脂肪酸、遗传等方面多样性丰富,并受环境因子极大的影响,根据遗传多样性分析推测我国无患子起源于自然分布区中部并向四周扩散。研究认为,目前研究仍存在种质资源收集不足、缺乏对该属树种系统研究和无优良品种推出等亟待解决的问题,提出应加强无患子属分子生物学基础研究、以居群为单位加强无患子属种质资源收集和评价力度、加强良种选育和高效培育技术以及国际合作研究等建议,以期为无患子产业可持续发展提供有力支撑,促进无患子属种质资源的开发利用。 相似文献
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Allelopathic behaviour of three medicinal herbs viz. Rheum emodi, Saussaurea lappa and Potentilla fulgens, on some traditional food crops was examined. Germination of all the traditional food crops was reduced significantly under
aqueous extracts of S. lappa and P. fulgens but radicle and plumule growth of Amaranthus
caudatus and Eleusine coracana was reduced significantly under aqueous extracts of all three medicinal species. For marginal farmers sole medicinal plants
cultivation is not possible, therefore, medicinal plants based agroforestry is being propagated. 相似文献
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Milan Pernek Boris Hrasovec Dinka Matosevic Ivan Pilas Thomas Kirisits John C. Moser 《Journal of pest science》2008,81(1):35-42
The species composition and abundance of phoretic mites of the bark beetles Pityokteines curvidens, P. spinidens, and P. vorontzowi on Silver fir (Abies alba) were investigated in 2003 at two locations (Trakoscan and Litoric) in Croatia. Stem sections and branches from A. alba trees infested by Pityokteines ssp. were collected and incubated in rearing cages. Bark beetles emerging from the stem sections and branches were examined
for photetic mites. A total of ten mite species were documented for the first time as associates of Pityokteines spp. on A. alba. These included Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus, Ereynetes scutulis, Histiostoma piceae, Paraleius leontonychus, Pleuronectocelaeno japonica, Proctolaelaps hystricoides, Schizostethus simulatrix, Tarsonemus minimax, Trichouropoda lamellose, and Uroobovella ipidis. T. minimax was the most frequent phoretic mite of all the three scolytines and U. ipidis was also common, whereas, the other mite species occurred less frequently. The species spectrum and relative abundance of
mite associates were similar for all three Pityokteines species. Another species, Pleuronectocelaeno barbara was commonly found phoretic on P. curvidens, captured in pheromone traps in 2005 at the location Litoric. Furthermore, two previously collected mite specimens from Switzerland,
phoretic on P. curvidens, were identified as Nanacarus sp. and Bonomia sp. The records from Croatia and Switzerland in the present study increase the number of known mite associates of Pityokteines spp. from one previously documented species to 14 species. None of the phoretic mites found in the survey in Croatia appear
to have the potential to be used for biological control of Pityokteines spp., although the feeding habits are unknown for many species recorded. 相似文献
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Quang-Vuong Le Kushan Udayanga Tennakoon Faizah Metali 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2019,38(3):230-243
Seedlings of invasive species often exhibit superior physiological traits that facilitate their spread at early stages of invasion, although it is unclear whether these traits persist at the post-establishment stage. To determine whether mature exotic Acacia spp. possess superior traits over mature native plants, we compared foliar gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence of Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium coexisting with tropical heath forest tree species Buchanania arborescens and Dillenia suffruticosa in Brunei Darussalam. The CO2 assimilation rates of Acacia spp. were significantly higher than those of heath species at current prevailing conditions of ~400 ppm ambient CO2, 1,500 µmol m?2 s?1 photosynthetically active radiation and 30°C leaf temperature. The photosystem II of Acacia spp. exhibited significantly higher maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry at comparable temperatures, and was more sensitive to an elevated temperature (42°C for 1 h). Better photosynthetic performance of Acacia spp., due to larger stomatal openings, better light harvesting efficiency, and greater plasticity in photosystem II, may enable adult Acacia trees to sustain a competitive growth advantage and suppress native tropical heath forest species. The competitive advantage maintained by Acacia spp. in post-establishment stage likely facilitates the establishment of monospecific Acacia stands in invaded heath forests. 相似文献
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Extracts of 121 medicinal and ornamental plants were screened for insecticidal and growth regulating activity to milkweed
bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas. The most effective extracts stemmed from Inula helenium L., Rumex crispus L., R. acetosa L., Asarum europaeum L., and Calendula officinalis L. All these extracts exerted growth inhibiting activities and moderate or low acute toxicity. Most promising were extracts
of dried roots of I. helenium. Besides a moderate chronic toxicity which reduced the fitness of the milkweed bug, the treatment produced overaged nymphs,
supernumerary nymphs, disturbances of the moulting process, morphological defects, delay of adult maturation and reduction
of fecundity. In addition, I. helenium extracts had a strong antifeedant effect when topically applied and very strong repellent effect when applied to the food
(peeled sunflower kernels). It is obvious that the extract contains several active constituents. Such a cocktail may reduce
the threat of rapid resistance development. 相似文献
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The food availability, composition of the diets and selective grazing of the Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) were studied in Hulunber Grassland in Nei Monggol. The food availability of Mongolian gazelle showed seasonal changes. The
plant biomass was higher in spring and summer than that in autumn and winter. The fecal compositions of the gazelle demonstrated
that fibrous parts occupied 62.4%, 74.8%, and 66.0% in spring, autumn, and winter, respectively. The Mongolian gazelle preferred
to grazeCompositeae, Leguminosae, Allium spp. and other forbs in spring and autumn, while the grasses, such asAneurolepidium chinense andStipa spp. were selectively feeding in winter.
Responsible editor: Zhu Hong 相似文献