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影响母猪繁殖性能的主要因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
母猪繁殖性能是决定生产经济效益的重要因素，只有准确掌握了母猪的繁殖性能状况，才能进一步提高其繁殖潜力。本文采用单因素各处理重复数不等的方差分析方法，对156头英系大约克夏母猪的繁殖成绩进行了统计分析，综合比较分析了不同胎次、季节、与配公猪品种影响下的母猪繁殖性能。 相似文献
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影响母猪繁殖性能的因素现已得到了广泛的研究,其中一些成果对生产具有重要的指导意义。笔者主要针对影响母猪繁殖性能的因素进行分析,以期在生产实践中得以应用,提高母猪的生产效益。 相似文献
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现代养猪生产的经济效益的好坏在很大程度上取决于母猪繁殖性能的优劣,母猪繁殖性状多为低遗传力性状,因而探讨非遗传因素对繁殖性能的影响对改善母猪繁殖性能具有积极意义。文章从胎次、日粮营养、输精方式、初配日龄、饲养管理、母猪背膘厚以及环境等非遗传因素对母猪繁殖性能的影响展开综述,通过分析各非遗传因素对母猪繁殖性能的影响,旨在为实际生产中改善母猪繁殖性能提供可靠理论依据。 相似文献
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母猪生产性能主要体现在其繁殖性能上,在研究中母猪的繁殖性能受到很多因素的影响,包括饲养管理、疾病控制、环境、遗传等因素,所以要考虑各个因素对母猪的影响情况,结合生产者生产实际,抓住母猪生产各个环节,才能提高母猪生产性能。该文分析母猪生产相关因素,提出广泛适合我国各地生产措施。 相似文献
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气候因子对母猪繁殖力的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
母猪繁殖性能的高低直接影响到养猪生产水平和经济效益．提高母猪的繁殖力在养猪生产中有着极其重要的意义。母猪的繁殖性能受遗传、饲养管理、环境等因素的影响，其中环境温度对母猪繁殖性能有着不同程度的影响，这是因为气温的季节性变化影响母猪的性活动。气温过高或过低都对母猪的繁殖性能有着不良的影响。由于气候变化有地区性差异，文中旨在以怀化市种猪场大约克夏母猪为研究对象，结合本地区气象资 相似文献
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母猪的繁殖性能对养猪生产效益具有重大影响。母猪的繁殖性状属于低遗传力性状,其性能的优劣受外界因素的影响较大。胎次、配种季节和分娩季节、营养水平、环境(高温、光照等)以及饲养管理等非遗传因素对母猪繁殖性能具有重大的影响。笔者就国内外对影响母猪繁殖性能的非遗传因素的研究加以综述,阐述非遗传因素对母猪繁殖性能的影响,旨在为提高母猪的繁殖性能提供思路和依据,进而改善养猪生产的效益。 相似文献
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繁殖效率的高低，除受品种和管理因素影响外，营养因素的作用不可忽视，通过改善营养水平可提高母猪的繁殖能力。近年来，随着养猪集约化生产的发展，后备母猪的营养需要和饲养管理已成为动物营养研究的新热点，其中采食量及理想的营养水平作为影响其繁殖性能的重要因素，引起了广泛的关注。现就营养对后备母猪各个繁殖阶段繁殖性能的影响作一简单叙述，希望对养殖生产者有一定帮助。[第一段] 相似文献
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夏季来临，温度是影响猪群健康的第一要素，尤其对于母猪，在高温下其对营养的吸收利用及代谢均会发生改变，导致母猪代谢不畅而不愿采食，这将严重影响猪群健康及繁殖成绩。文章将从营养调节角度分析，并结合生产实践来解决这一问题，以期为猪场夏季母猪健康养殖提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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C Munsterhjelm A Valros M Heinonen O Hälli OAT Peltoniemi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(6):494-500
To study the relationship between on-farm welfare and reproductive performance in the sow, the TGI 35L Animal Needs Index was modified for use in Finnish pig production. The modified index had a maximal total score of 100. It was comprised of six categories: 'locomotion' (maximal score 21 for dry sows and 11 for lactating sows), 'social interaction' (12/8), 'floor quality' (16/9), 'stable climate' (16/21), 'feeding' (16/23) and 'health and stockmanship' (19/29). Index scorings were performed separately in farrowing, breeding and gestation units on 28 representative Finnish sow farms. One-year production parameters were collected. Multiple linear regression was used for statistical analysis. Total ANI-points varied between 36.5-68.0 for lactating and 39.5-86.0 for dry sows. Litter size increased with increasing scores for 'feeding' in the dry sow unit. Controlling for breed, high scores for 'health and stockmanship' and 'floor quality' shortened the reproductive cycle, probably because of good leg health. The number of weaned piglets per sow per year (PSY) increased with increasing scores for dry sow 'health and stockmanship', 'floor quality' and an interaction of 'feeding' in the farrowing and mating units. PSY increased with decreasing scores for farrowing pen 'climate'. High-quality floors and stockmanship appear to correlate positively with reproductive performance in the sow. Effects of a welfare-promoting feeding strategy on reproduction are contradictory. 相似文献
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关于三元母猪种用价值和改善措施的探讨 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
非洲猪瘟背景下,猪场面临两大难题,一是安全问题,二是种源问题。通过不断提升生物安全等级能够有效保障猪场安全,但种源问题却一时难以解决。在这种特殊背景下,部分猪场开始大胆创新的将三元母猪作为种源进行生产。但是,国内外关于三元母猪种用的资料文献几乎没有,无法形成有效的借鉴。一时之间,关于三元母猪究竟有没有种用价值和如何提高其种用价值成为养猪业的热门话题。文章从三元母猪种用价值、种用劣势和改善措施三个方面进行深入剖析和探讨,旨在为猪场了解和使用三元母猪提供参考。 相似文献
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Sow line differences in heat stress tolerance expressed in reproductive performance traits 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The objectives of this study were 1) to investigate if there were differences in the relation between temperature and reproductive performance traits in 2 different sow lines, a Yorkshire line producing mainly in temperate climates and a Large White line producing mainly in warm climates, and 2) to determine the upper critical temperature (UCT) for the reproductive performance of these 2 lines. Sows are exposed to heat stress when temperature exceeds the UCT of the thermo-neutral zone. Data included 32,631 observations on reproductive performance from 11,935 sows on 20 farms in Spain, collected from 2003 to 2005. Sows belonged to 2 different purebred sow lines, named D (Yorkshire sow line, producing mainly in temperate climates) and I (Large White sow line, producing mainly in warm climates). Only first insemination records per parity were used and were combined with the maximum outside temperature at day of insemination. Upper critical temperatures were studied for 3 reproduction traits: farrowing rate (0 or 1), litter size (range from 1 to 25), and total number of piglets born per first insemination (combination of farrowing rate and litter size, range from 0 to 25). Data were corrected for fixed effects, which included parity, service sire, and an interaction between farm and year. Corrected data were used as observations in the models to study the effect of outside temperature on reproductive performance. Two models were compared for goodness of fit: a linear regression model and a plateau-linear model with the plateau representing the thermo-neutral zone and a linear decrease above that zone. Farrowing rate of I-line sows was not affected by temperature. For litter size and total number born per first insemination of I-line sows no UCT could be estimated. These traits were linearly affected by temperature. For all 3 reproduction traits of the D-line the best model was the plateau-linear model; the UCT for the D-line sows was estimated to be 19.2 degrees C for farrowing rate, 21.7 degrees C for litter size, and 19.6 degrees C for total number born per first insemination. The decrease in reproductive performance of I-line sows with increasing outside temperature was less than in D-line sows. From this study it can be concluded that there are differences in heat stress tolerance between sow lines as measured by the differences in reproductive performance. These differences are an indication of genetic differences in heat stress tolerance in sow lines. 相似文献
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长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC PUFAs)在母猪营养中的作用经常被人们研究,因为猪场的盈利能力主要取决于母猪的繁殖性能。根据以往的研究结果,母猪妊娠期喂食ω-3 LC PUFAs可以减少前列腺素的合成,提高胚胎存活率和仔猪初生重;哺乳期饲喂ω-3 LC PUFAs可以提高乳汁中EPA和DHA含量,改善哺乳仔猪肠道健康和断奶重。文章论述了LC PUFAs(主要是ω-3)对现代高产母猪繁殖性能的影响,为在生产实践中合理添加应用LC PUFAs,提高母猪生产性能提供理论参考。 相似文献
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease of domestic swine characterized by exceptionally high clinical variability. This study addresses the question of whether clinical variability in PRRS results from (a) genetic variation among viral isolates and/or (b) variation in management practices among farms on which isolates are found. Genetic data (open reading frame 5 gene sequences) and data on farm characteristics and associated clinical disease signs were collected for 62 PRRS virus (PRRSV) field isolates, representing 52 farms. Clinical disease signs were interrelated — confirming that a true reproductive syndrome exists (involving abortions, infertility in sows, deaths of sows and preweaning mortality).
Pairs of farms experiencing deaths in their sow populations also tended to share viral isolates which were more similar to one another than expected by chance alone. This implies that sow death (one of the more-severe manifestations of PRRS) is under genetic influence. Large herd size was a significant risk factor for the death of sows and for respiratory disease in nursery pigs. All-in–all-out management practices in the nursery were protective against reproductive signs in the sow herd. All-in–all-out management practices in the finishing stages of production were protective against respiratory disease in nursery pigs — but were paradoxically associated with an increased risk of infertility in sows. These results suggest that farm-management practices can also influence which PRRS clinical signs are manifested during an outbreak. In general, signs associated with PRRS appear to result from a combination of genetic factors and herd-management characteristics. The relative contributions of these two influences differ depending on the specific clinical sign in question. 相似文献
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O Hälli M Heinonen C Munsterhjelm A Valros OAT Peltoniemi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(4):693-698
The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to clarify the effect of re-modelling the breeding unit on farrowing rate. The original study population included 63 sow herds that participated in the Finnish herd surveillance system. In these herds, the breeding units were re-modelled between 1995 and 2002. Information about the production system and other herd data for the last year before and the second year after re-modelling were available for 47 herds. The herds had an average of 68.5 (SD 45) sows per herd. Data were collected during one farm visit per herd. Initially, all herds had individual cages in their breeding units. The piggeries had either re-modelled their cages or switched to a group housing system with deep-litter, solid or slatted (partly or totally) floors. Farrowing rates were gathered from the national database, and data were tested with a linear regression model. Re-modelling did not have an effect on farrowing rate if initial reproductive performance of the herd was neglected. However, when farms were stratified according to performance prior to the beginning of study, namely into 'farms with initially high farrowing rate' (HF) and 'farms with initially low farrowing rate' (LF), the re-modelling had a significant effect on farrowing rate. In the HF farms, re-modelling caused a decrease in farrowing rate. Correspondingly, farrowing rate increased after remodelling in the LF farms. Farrowing rate was also influenced by mean parity of sows and by proportion of sows culled because of leg problems. This study could not show a profound impact of the design of the breeding unit on the fertility of the sow in the modern commercial production environment if the farm's reproductive performance before re-modelling was neglected. However, when initial performance was taken into account, re-modelling revealed significant, although varying effects on farrowing rate. 相似文献
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背膘厚是提高猪群生产力和生产效率的重要指标,可评估动物胴体成分,特别是胴体脂肪。动物能量储存主要以脂肪组织形式存在,而体重损失主要是因脂肪代谢所引起。在现代化养猪过程中,母猪繁殖性能是衡量养猪业经济效益的重要指标之一。膘情是衡量母猪体况的一个重要指标,膘情与母猪体内脂肪含量密切相关,可有效反映母猪的营养储备情况;母猪膘情体况与其繁殖性能密切相关,而母猪繁殖性能的高低直接决定猪场养殖效益。随着规模化养猪业快速发展,越来越多的养猪场开始通过母猪的背膘测定精准调整母猪体况,以背膘测定为依据,结合母猪所处不同生理阶段,制定相应的饲喂标准和营养标准,提高母猪繁殖性能,改良动物遗传性状,达到生产效益最大化。综述了超声背膘测定技术及其关键点、母猪背膘厚度与繁殖性能的关系,以及超声测定技术与选育方面的作用,以期为提高母猪繁殖性能和肉质性状的遗传改良提供参考。 相似文献
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为了比较不同规模猪场不同胎次母猪繁殖力的高低,本研究采集了106家不同规模猪场母猪的详细生产数据。按母猪实际存栏头数将猪场划分为<1 000、1 000~5 000、5 000~10 000和≥10 000头4个规模,分析不同规模猪场母猪1~9胎次活仔率、健仔率、畸形仔率、死胎率、木乃伊率、断奶活仔率及窝均产总仔数、窝均产活仔数、窝均产健仔数、窝均产死胎数、窝均断奶活仔数、窝均出生个体重、窝均出生窝重等相关繁殖指标的差异。结果表明,在胎次相同的情况下,猪场活仔率、健仔率和断奶活仔率随着饲养规模的扩大呈逐渐升高的趋势,而畸形仔率、死胎率和木乃伊率则呈相反趋势。母猪实际存栏头数≥10 000头的猪场1~7胎次（第4胎除外）的活仔率、健仔率和断奶活仔率均显著高于<1 000头猪场（P<0.05）,而与其他两个规模猪场差异不显著（P>0.05）。母猪存栏数<1 000头的猪场1、2、3、5、7胎次的死胎率显著高于其他3个规模猪场（P<0.05）。各个胎次的窝均产总仔数、产活仔数、产健仔数、畸形仔数、死胎数、木乃伊数、出生窝重都随着猪场饲养规模的扩大呈逐渐降低的趋势。<1 000头的猪场第2、3胎的母猪窝均产总仔数、产活仔数、产死胎数、窝均断奶活仔数、窝均出生窝重均显著高于其他3个规模猪场（P<0.05）。综上,养殖规模对不同胎次母猪生产力均产生较大影响,中大规模猪场（≥1 000头）的母猪繁殖力整体上低于小规模猪场（<1 000头）,但仔猪的体况和成活率要优于小规模猪场。 相似文献