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Cholera toxin (CT) is a well-known mucosal adjuvant in mammals, but it does not give conclusive results in chickens. Cells from the chicken immune system may be insensitive to CT activity. Our results showed that intravenously administered CT had strong immunomodulatory effects on chicken antigen-specific T- and B-cell immune responses. Seven and eight days post-inoculation (p.i.), chickens immunized with KLH and CT exhibited a faster and higher specific proliferative response in the spleen after in vitro restimulation than chickens immunized with KLH alone. At the same time, the specific antibody response in serum was significantly higher, with a strong IgG enhancement and a peak of IgA in chickens immunized with KLH and CT. The anti-KLH splenic antibody response in vitro involved a significant increase in specific IgG and IgA isotypes when CT was used as adjuvant. In conclusion, as in mammals, systemic CT demonstrated strong adjuvant properties in chickens enhancing T-cell priming in vivo and, thus, leading to increased specific antibody production, including IgA. 相似文献
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为了探索鸡IL-18在禽多杀性巴氏杆菌H基因DNA疫苗中的免疫佐剂作用，分别用共表达鸡IL-18基因和禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1H基因的DNA疫苗、鸡IL-18真核表达质粒pcDNA3／cIL-18与禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1H基因的DNA疫苗混合物、禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1H基因的DNA疫苗肌肉注射5周龄鸡，首免后每周采取外周血及外周抗凝血，应用ELISA和MTT法分别检测免疫鸡的体液免疫及细胞免疫水平。二免后第2周用10 LD50禽多杀性巴氏杆菌强毒菌株C48-1进行攻击。结果鸡IL-18能够明显增强禽多杀性巴氏杆菌H基因DNA疫苗的免疫原性，显著提高免疫鸡的体液免疫和细胞免疫水平，并且鸡IL-18与禽多杀性巴氏杆菌H基因共表达时的免疫佐剂作用最强，能强有力地抵抗强毒菌株C48-1的致死性攻击。结果表明，鸡IL-18可作为DNA疫苗的一种理想的免疫佐剂。 相似文献
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Human plasma produced cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity when injected into chicken wattles. The kinetics of the response development were affected by presensitization, whether or not complete Freund's adjuvant was used. Presensitized chickens developed their maximum response significantly sooner (12.6 hr earlier) than the controls. 相似文献
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利用PGEX-6P-1融合表达系统将SO7基因在大肠杆菌中进行融合表达,对表达产物进行初步纯化和复性,制备免疫原。分别使用不同剂量的人参总皂甙和重组γ-干扰素以及弗氏完全佐剂作为免疫佐剂,于5日龄、12日龄和19日龄对雏鸡进行3次免疫,同时设立蛋白口服免疫组、蛋白皮下注射免疫组、卵囊口服免疫组、未免疫未攻毒组和未免疫攻毒组作对照,于26日龄用105个柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊进行攻毒,8d后扑杀,对各组的存活率、相对增重率、病变减少率、相对卵囊产量和抗球虫指数ACI等指标进行统计分析,比较免疫保护效果。与非免疫攻毒组以及不加佐剂的免疫攻毒组相比,佐剂使用后各组的增重、病变记分、相对卵囊产量、ACI等指标均有一定的改善,对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的人工感染可以提供部分保护。3种佐剂中,γ-干扰素和人参总皂甙能增强重组蛋白的免疫保护效果,且佐剂的剂量对免疫保护的效果有一定的影响,以5000Uγ-干扰素效果最佳,效果与E.tenella活卵囊免疫相当,弗氏完全佐剂的免疫增强效果不明显。单独使用重组蛋白皮下注射或口服免疫,虽有一定的保护作用,但不明显。一定剂量的γ-干扰素对SO7抗原的免疫保护效果起明显的增强作用,是一个具有很好临床应用前景的新型佐剂。 相似文献
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Sara Oveissi Abdul Rahman Omar Khatijah Yusoff Fatemeh Jahanshiri Sharifah Syed Hassan 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2010,33(6):491-503
The H5 gene of avian influenza virus (AIV) strain A/chicken/Malaysia/5744/2004(H5N1) was cloned into pcDNA3.1 vector, and Esat-6 gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was fused into downstream of the H5 gene as a genetic adjuvant for DNA vaccine candidates. The antibody level against AIV was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Sera obtained from specific-pathogen-free chickens immunized with pcDNA3.1/H5 and pcDNA3.1/H5/Esat-6 demonstrated antibody responses as early as 2 weeks after the first immunization. Furthermore, the overall HI antibody titer in chickens immunized with pcDNA3.1/H5/Esat-6 was higher compared to the chickens immunized with pcDNA3.1/H5 (p < 0.05). The results suggested that Esat-6 gene of M. tuberculosis is a potential genetic adjuvant for the development of effective H5 DNA vaccine in chickens. 相似文献
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利用4型禽腺病毒HLJ1701株进行灭活疫苗的研制,并对疫苗的免疫效果进行评价,为家禽4型禽腺病毒的防控提供数据及参考。将HLJ1701株用灭菌生理盐水作10~4倍稀释后,接种9日龄SPF鸡胚,37℃孵育72 h后收获感染鸡胚尿囊液,经甲醛灭活后,加白油佐剂乳化制成油乳剂灭活疫苗,对制备疫苗的性状、安全性、免疫效力等进行检验。结果显示,制备的3批4型禽腺病毒灭活疫苗(HLJ1701株)均为油包水型,黏度均在50 cP以内,对3批疫苗取样,样品经3000 r/min离心15 min,管底无水相析出。安全性试验结果显示,将疫苗按1 mL/只超剂量接种3周龄SPF鸡,试验鸡在观察期内全部健活,未出现局部或全身不良反应,表明疫苗对SPF鸡具有良好的安全性;免疫效力及攻毒保护试验结果显示,用疫苗按0.2 mL/只的剂量免疫接种3周龄SPF鸡1次,免疫接种后21d试验鸡血清中HLJ1701株的抗体平均效价可达2~8以上,使用4型禽腺病毒(HLJ1701株)接种0.2 mL/只(100 LD_(50))对免疫鸡进行攻毒,疫苗对免疫鸡的保护率均为100%。研究表明,实验室条件下研制的4型禽腺病毒(HLJ1701株)灭活疫苗的各项指标均符合标准。 相似文献
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E. Berndtson U. Emanuelson A. Engvall M. -L. Danielsson-Tham 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1996,26(3-4):167-185
Broiler chickens are often intestinal carriers of Campylobacter. During processing, Campylobacter may be spread over the carcass. Thus, undercooked chicken meat, or other foods contaminated by raw chicken can act as a source of infection to humans. This study was conducted to identify risk factors for chicken flocks being colonized with Campylobacter. Eighteen chicken farms with altogether 62 chicken compartments were studied for 1 year with visits during each growing period and sampling of chicken caecal contents at slaughter. Four to six subsequent flocks were raised in each compartment during the study. A detailed questionnaire was used to record farm parameters such as building materials, feed and water equipment, hygiene and management routines. Campylobacter prevalence varied between farms, between growing periods within the farms and also during the year, with lowest prevalence during the spring. Campylobacters were isolated from 27% out of 287 flocks. Only two farms were negative at all samplings. Often the flock following a positive flock in a compartment was negative, indicating that normal cleaning and disinfecting routines are sufficient for eliminating the bacteria from the house. Usually only one serotype was found in each positive flock. Campylobacter occurrence increased with the age of the chickens at slaughter, and also with flock size.
Univariable chi-square tests were done of the association between possible risk factors and Campylobacter prevalence. Factors associated with higher Campylobacter prevalence in flocks were lack of or diffuse hygiene barriers, increasing flock size, increasing age at slaughter, short vs. long empty periods, wet litter beds, other poultry nearby or staff handling other poultry, flocks divided before slaughter, staff loading to slaughter at several farms and occurrence of mice. Under Swedish conditions, water does not seem to be a source of infection for chickens. Origin and handling of day-old chickens, feed additives, houses and litter were not associated with higher Campylobacter prevalence. 相似文献
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采用以南京等地发病鸡场分离的鸡肾型传染性支气管炎若干毒株和鸡新城疫Ｌａｓｏｔａ（Ｎ－７９）疫苗毒株为种毒，分别接种于非免疫的鸡胚，收取含毒的鸡胚尿液，经福尔马林灭活后，以矿物油为佐剂，研制成鸡新城疫－鸡肾型传染性支气管炎二联油乳剂灭活苗，试用后经抗体检测，结果表明免疫后第１０天ＨＩ抗体明显上升，至第３０天仍保持较高的水平，经ＩＢＶ强毒攻击，免疫组能获得全保护，区域试用３００余万头份，证实本疫苗安全可靠，能有效地预防和控制鸡新城疫、肾型传染性支气管炎的发生和流行。 相似文献
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采用以南京等地发病鸡场分离的鸡肾型传染性支气管炎若干毒株和鸡新城疫Ｌａｓｏｔａ（Ｎ－７９）疫苗毒株为种毒，分别接种于非免疫的鸡胚，收取含毒的鸡胚尿液，经福尔马林灭活后，以矿物油为佐剂，研制成鸡新城疫－鸡肾型传染性支气管炎二联油乳剂灭活苗，试用后经抗体检测，结果表明免疫后第１０天ＨＩ抗体明显上升，至第３０天仍保持较高的水平，经ＩＢＶ强毒攻击，免疫组能获得全保护，区域试用３００余万头份，证实本疫苗安全可靠，能有效地预防和控制鸡新城疫、肾型传染性支气管炎的发生和流行。 相似文献
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豫北地区肉鸡大肠杆菌分离鉴定及其蜂胶灭活苗的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从豫北地区部分肉鸡场送检的病料中分离出了24株大肠杆菌，确定2l株菌分属8个血清型，其中02，074，01，078为主要血清型，分别占分离株的28．57％，23．8l％，19．04％，9．52％。药敏试验结果表明，所分离的24株大肠杆菌对丁胺卡那霉素、头孢曲松、头孢噻呋、氟苯尼考最敏感，可作为防治肉鸡大肠杆菌病的首选药物。从中筛选出3株致病力强、免疫原性好、具有优势血清型的大肠杆菌和标准菌株作为制苗菌株。以蜂胶为佐剂，研制出的肉鸡大肠杆菌多价灭活蜂胶疫苗，使用安全，免疫效果好。用该苗免疫后150d的保护率为100％，无不良反应。该苗4℃下保存1年不失效。田间试验结果表明，该苗性能好。免疫后对肉仔鸡、肉种鸡的生产性能无不良影响，鸡群大肠杆菌病的死亡率明显下降。 相似文献
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Ha Jung Roh Haan Woo Sung Hyuk Moo Kwon 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2006,7(4):361-368
This study examined the adjuvant effects of dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA), CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN), and chicken interferon-γ (ChIFN-γ) on a DNA vaccine (pcDNA-VP243) against the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). A plasmid encoding chicken IFN-ã was constructed. Twice at 2-week intervals, two-week-old chickens were injected intramuscularly and intraperitoneally with either a DNA vaccine alone or a DNA vaccine together with the respective adjuvants. On week 2 after the second immunization, the chickens were orally challenged with the highly virulent IBDV. The groups that received the DNA vaccines plus either DDA or CpG-ODN showed significantly lower survival rates than the group that received the DNA vaccine alone. However, the survival rates for the DNA vaccine alone and for the DNA vaccine plus ChIFN-γ were similar. The chickens had no detectable antibodies to the IBDV before the challenge but all the surviving chickens in all groups except for the normal control group showed the induction of antibodies to the IBDV at day 10 after the challenge. As judged by the lymphocyte proliferation assays using the a WST-8 solution performed on the peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes, the stimulation indices (SI) of the peripheral blood lymphocytes in all groups except for the normal control group were similar immediately before the challenge. At 10 days post-challenge, the SI for DNA vaccine plus either CpG-ODN or ChIFN-γ was similar to that of the DNA vaccine control group. For splenic lymphocytes, the SI in the DNA vaccine plus CpG-ODN and DNA vaccine plus ChIFN-γ groups were higher than for the DNA vaccine control. These results suggest that DDA actually compromises the protection against the IBDV by DNA vaccine, and CpG-ODN and IFN-γ had no significant effect. 相似文献
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Jeong Ho Park Haan Woo Sung Byung Il Yoon Hyuk Moo Kwon 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2009,10(2):131-139
The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of in ovo prime-boost vaccination against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) using a DNA vaccine to prime in ovo followed by a killed-vaccine boost post hatching. In addition, the adjuvant effects of plasmid-encoded chicken interleukin-2 and chicken interferon-γ were tested in conjunction with the vaccine. A plasmid DNA vaccine (pcDNA-VP243) encoding the VP2, VP4, and VP3 proteins of the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) SH/92 strain was injected into the amniotic sac alone or in combination with a plasmid encoding chicken IL-2 (ChIL-2) or chicken IFN-γ (ChIFN-γ) at embryonation day 18, followed by an intramuscular injection of a commercial killed IBD vaccine at 1 week of age. The chickens were orally challenged with the vvIBDV SH/92 strain at 3 weeks of age and observed for 10 days. In ovo DNA immunization followed by a killed-vaccine boost provided significantly better immunity than the other options. No mortality was observed in this group after a challenge with the vvIBDV. The prime-boost strategy was moderately effective against bursal damage, which was measured by the bursa weight/body weight ratio, the presence of IBDV RNA, and the bursal lesion score. In ovo DNA vaccination with no boost did not provide sufficient immunity, and the addition of ChIL-2 or ChIFN-γ did not enhance protective immunity. In the ConA-induced lymphocyte proliferation assay of peripheral blood lymphocyte collected 10 days post-challenge, there was greater proliferation responses in the DNA vaccine plus boost and DNA vaccine with ChIL-2 plus boost groups compared to the other groups. These findings suggest that priming with DNA vaccine and boosting with killed vaccine is an effective strategy for protecting chickens against vvIBDV. 相似文献
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为了探讨卵黄性腹膜炎和鸡白血病对种鸡死亡率和产蛋率的影响，在2016年1月至2017年4月中旬，对江苏省常州市某种鸡场岭南黄鸡、花鸡（金茅花鸡）、草鸡（金茅草鸡）、黄脚麻鸡4个品种鸡的发病及死亡情况进行临床症状观察及病理剖解；同时记录鸡场每日的鸡死亡数、产蛋数、每日免疫和用药情况，分析不同时期的死亡率和产蛋率，比较不同品种鸡的产蛋率及产蛋高峰期产蛋率与正常蛋鸡产蛋高峰期产蛋率（参考值80%）之间的差异。从死亡鸡的剖解结果来看，腹腔内卵黄凝固黏连在肠道上，输卵管肿大，充满白色或淡黄色干酪样物，初步诊断为卵黄性腹膜炎；肝脏和脾脏肿大，肠系膜或胸壁有肿瘤状物体，初步诊断为鸡白血病。岭南黄鸡产蛋后期的死亡率极显著高于产蛋上升期和高峰期（P<0.01），黄脚麻鸡产蛋后期的死亡率极显著低于产蛋高峰期（P<0.01）；花鸡、草鸡、黄脚麻鸡产蛋高峰期产蛋率平均值均低于60%，与参考值（80%）差异极显著（P<0.01）。综合试验结果，卵黄性腹膜炎和鸡白血病对鸡场影响严重，导致鸡死亡率上升，产蛋率下降；抗应激药和营养药可以起到缓解预防的作用，但无法根治，尚无有效的治疗方法。 相似文献
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Adjuvant effect of chicken interferon-gamma for inactivated Salmonella Enteritidis antigen 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Takehara K Kobayashi K Ruttanapumma R Kamikawa M Nagata T Yokomizo Y Nakamura M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(12):1337-1341
The adjuvant effect of chicken interferon-gamma (ChIFN-gamma) was examined for protecting chickens against intestinal colonization of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) following oral exposure. Ten 7-week-old chickens per group were immunized with inactivated SE twice with or without co-administration of ChIFN-gamma intramuscularly, and all chickens were challenged with SE. Sera collected from immunized groups with or without ChIFN-gamma, and from unimmunized group were measured for SE antibody by agglutination test. The levels of antibodies were raised by 1 week post-immunization and did not show any difference between groups with and without ChIFN-gamma. No antibodies were detected in unimmunized group before challenge. Fecal samples from each group were cultured at 1, 4, 7, and 13 days post-challenge to determine the incidence of intestinal colonization and the numbers of SE shed into the environment. Co-administration of ChIFN-gamma, significantly reduced the incidence of intestinal colonization (P<0.05). At 13 days post-challenge, the bacterial counts of SE in organs were also reduced in ChIFN-gamma administered group. These data suggest co-administration of ChIFN-gamma with SE antigen enhances protection against SE challenge without acceleration of antibody production. 相似文献
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Lam KM 《Avian diseases》2004,48(4):916-920
Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM) is a known pathogen for turkeys only. In this study, MM was used to inoculate chicken embryos and tumor cells to assess its pathogenic potential for chickens. In chicken embryos, it caused abnormal-shaped toes and severely denuded tracheae. In chicken tumor cells, MM reduced the cellular capacity to release a chemoattractant that causes the migration of heterophils. MM also caused death and/or a reduced growth rate in chicken HD-11 cells, a macrophage-monocyte-derived cell line. Thus, the data show that MM is a potential pathogen for chicken embryos and chickens cells. Further exploration to determine the pathogenicity in chickens may be warranted. 相似文献
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A total of 84 farmers in 31 villages of Guadalcanal, Western, Malaita and Central Provinces of the Solomon Islands were surveyed
to obtain baseline information on the current feeding practices and farmer attitudes to village poultry production. Farming
of village chickens in the Solomon Islands is conducted on a small scale. Most surveyed farmers thought chickens were easy
to care for, provide food for the family and was a good cash income enterprise. Some farmers were interested in keeping local
chickens, but found it difficult to obtain the birds. The main feed sources are fresh coconut, copra meal, fish meal, mill
run, food scraps and forage sources from the range. Some villagers believe that chickens only need to eat household scraps
and did not provide drinking water. Many villagers lacked the knowledge of managing a village poultry enterprise. Some chicken
houses were built by using bush materials or by purchasing construction materials. Farmers indicated they would like the government
to provide funds for establishing a smallholder poultry enterprise and to provide information on feeding and management of
birds. 相似文献