共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 259 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
木棉(Gossampinus malabarica)又名攀枝花、红棉、英雄树、烽火树,属木棉科木棉属落叶高大乔木.木棉广泛分布在我国四川、云南、贵州、广西、广东,生长在江河沿岸、山地阳坡及村边道路旁,喜光、耐高温,对土壤要求不苛刻.在四川攀枝花地区木棉树于1月-2月份开花,先花后叶,花色艳丽,有红色、金黄、淡黄色等颜色,树形高大伟岸,是优良的园林绿化树种.木棉树现是攀枝花市市花和广州市市树,在园林绿化中常作行道树、庭荫树、景园树、盆景树等.木棉经嫁接后2 a-3 a开花,嫁接苗可作盆景矮化栽培,观赏价值高.本文介绍了木棉的嫁接育苗技术. 相似文献
4.
One compound approach combining factor-analytic model with AMMI and GGE biplot to improve multi-environment trials analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To improve multi-environmental trial(MET)analysis,a compound method—which combines factor analytic(FA)model with additive main effect and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)and genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction(GGE)biplot—was conducted in this study.The diameter at breast height of 36 open-pollinated(OP)families of Pinus taeda at six sites in South China was used as a raw dataset.The best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP)data of all individual trees in each site was obtained by fitting the spatial effects with the FA method from raw data.The raw data and BLUP data were analyzed and compared by using the AMMI and GGE biplot.BLUP results showed that the six sites were heterogeneous and spatial variation could be effectively fitted by spatial analysis with the FA method.AMMI analysis identified that two datasets had highly significant effects on the site,family,and their interactions,while BLUP data had a smaller residual error,but higher variation explaining ability and more credible stability than raw data.GGE biplot results revealed that raw data and BLUP data had different results in mega-environment delineation,test-environment evaluation,and genotype evaluation.In addition,BLUP data results were more reasonable due to the stronger analytical ability of the first two principal components.Our study suggests that the compound method combing the FA method with the AMMI and GGE biplot could improve the analysis result of MET data in Pinus teada as it was more reliable than direct AMMI and GGE biplot analysis on raw data. 相似文献
5.
Natural spruce-fir mixed stand is one of the main forest types in the world,and also has huge ecological,economic and social benefits.According to the structural characteristics and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,it is urgent and significant to develop scientific management measures for natural spruce-fir mixed stand in line with local conditions.The article outlined the characteristics of the distribution and structure, regeneration and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,and analyzed the current situation and existing problems of natural spruce-fir forest management.The following recommendations were eventually made:1) In no cutting area,all logging activities should be banned.In a restricted cutting area,the cutting intensity should be generally controlled within 15%of the stock volume before cutting.On the commodity forest management area, the appropriate cutting intensity should be determined according to the volume per hectare,determine and classification management should be implemented in accordance with the characteristics of forest,to ensure the scientific selective cutting.2) Closure for afforestation,planting and repair planting should be adopted on vegetation-intensive land,sparse shrubs covered land and harvesting slash,in order to accelerate natural regeneration.3) The in situ conservation should be conducted in nature reserves and scientific experiment stations of rare and endangered species,such as Abies chensiensis,Picea neoveitchii,Abies vuanbaoshanensis,to reduce human destruction.4) It is supposed to collect seeds in time,establish nursery,actively establish forest, expand artificial population and promote natural regeneration. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
《技术与市场》2007,(1):23
当前现代化的航天、航空、汽车、机械、电子、民用建筑、化工等行业迫切要求具备很高的力学性能及耐热、耐磨、耐化学性能的材料.因此高分子材料发展的一个重要方向就是通过对现有聚合物进行物理和化学改性,使其进一步高性能化、结构化、工程化.北京化工大学研制的聚氯乙烯合金是通过挤出机的力学、化学作用及接枝、复合技术使聚氯乙烯塑料工程化,成为物理性能可与ABS相比拟的新材料.聚氯乙烯合金具有高流动性、高韧性,完全可以代替ABS注塑计算机、电视机、冰箱、照相机、仪表等外壳.聚氯乙烯合金还具有良好的耐寒性,可制作各种规格的异型材,包括门窗、上水管道等.产品市场前景好,具有很强的竞争力,有很好的经济效益和社会效益. 相似文献
9.
According to the unification principle of system structure and system function of the Water Resource Conservation Forests,seven factors were selected from stand spatial structure,trees structure and healthy of woods,the multifunction management optimization model target was confirmed by using nonlinearity multi-objective programming approach, and the target function-stand spatial structure homogeneity index was defined to establish spatial optimization models with restraining conditions set up in diversity of stand structure and spatial structure.The spatial structure of available typical stand in the wet land area in southern Donting Lake was optimized by means of selective cutting and reinforcement planting.The results showed that the spatial structure was improved obviously and trees diversity and stand health were not weakened.It’s suggested that the established optimization model can effectively guide multifunction management,stand structure optimization and the steadiness of ecological ecosystem and it is convenient and operable in practice,and it’s very important to protect and recover ecosystem of Water Resource Conservation Forests. 相似文献
10.
This paper proposes an automatic method of pore combination recognition,which is an important feature to hardwood recognition.After extracting edge from wood microscopic cross-section, based on area histogram of the similar circle regions,the method classifies all regions into two classes with maximum between-class variance,so as to distinguish the pore from other textures,which are similar in shapes but different in sizes.Meanwhile, second objective function about average area of closed regions is used to improve the pore segmentation performance.At last,the method uses adjacency degree of pore set to judge pore combination.The experiments demonstrate that the task of pore segmentation can be completed successfully for all kinds of pore distribution and combination,and also the correct combinations of pores are given. 相似文献
11.
利用RACE技术从银杏中克隆到过氧化氢酶基因(GbCAT1)的cDNA全长。进化树分析结果表明:GbCAT1和其他物种的CAT源自于相同的祖先。Southern杂交显示:GbCAT1属于1个小的多基因家族。实时定量RT-PCR分析表明:GbCAT1在银杏的根、茎、叶和果中都有表达,在叶中的相对表达量最高,其次为果、茎和根。GbCAT1的转录受到ABA、渗透压、紫外、低温和高温胁迫的诱导。水杨酸处理下,GbCAT1相对表达量迅速降低。CAT1基因在逆境条件下的相对表达变化与环境胁迫有关。 相似文献
12.
Fodder trees are integral part of farming system in the hills of Nepal, but designed agroforestry interventions targeted to particular trees and crops are not widely available. This paper examines the joint productivity of an agroforestry practice in which Raikhanim (Ficus semicordata) is planted in a maize (Zea mays) and finger-millet (Eleusine coracana) cropping system at Keware Bhanjyang of the western mid-hills of Nepal. Raikhanim seedlings were planted in a row on terrace risers 2, 4 and 6 m apart in ordinary farming conditions, in a randomized block design with three replications. Maize and finger-millet were grown on the terraces as intercrops with a control plot without trees on risers in each replicate. Growth parameters of Raikhanim—height, diameter at 30 cm above ground (D30) and survival rate—were recorded annually in December until trees were lopped for fodder biomass, and crop yields were measured to determine tree-crop interaction effects. Tree height and D30 differed significantly between spacings until trees reached the lopping stage 3½ years after planting, with the highest growth in 4 m spacing. Tree lopping checked the height growth but the diameter growth continued to increase and differed among spacings after lopping. Fodder biomass increased with tree age and was highest under 4 m spacing (7.294 t/ha) followed by 6 m (5.256 t/ha) and 2 m (3.84 t/ha). Finger-millet yield in the experimental plots decreased with tree age due to shading effects, while maize yield was not substantially affected. Among spacings, control plots produced the highest finger-millet yield (1,624 kg/ha) while the 6 m spacing produced the highest maize yield (2,463 kg/ha). It is concluded that planting Raikhanim at 6 m intervals will produce additional fodder without significant effect on maize yield and only a moderate effect on finger-millet yield. The agroforestry practice of planting fodder trees on under-utilised terrace risers is a viable option for mid-hill farmers for simultaneous production of fodder and cereal crops while sustaining the hill farming system. 相似文献
13.
基于广东省古树名木普查,对广东省一级古树的数量、区域分布、树龄结构、树种组成、生长环境特征以及生长状况和权属等进行统计分析。结果表明,广东省有一级古树754株,隶属35科63属82种;科属以桑科、无患子科和樟科占优势,树种以榕树、雅榕、荔枝、樟和银杏为主;空间分布以粤北山区多,东西沿海少,乡村多,城区少;权属以集体为主,树龄主要集中在500~799 a范围,对过半的一级古树采取了保护和复壮措施。古树组成与分布除受自然环境约束外,还受农业种植、植物个体、风水林、宗教与宗祠、开发与迁移等文化要素以及乡土风俗、村规民约和经济价值等因素影响。提出完善古树保护管理法规,实施古树资源动态管理,建立一级古树健康监测管理系统,探索古树生态补偿机制等建议。 相似文献
14.
Context
The reforestation of degraded tropical pastures requires innovative tree planting systems that consider land user needs.Aim
We established a silvopastoral reforestation system and assessed the effects of companion trees on the native timber tree Tabebuia rosea in Panama. Timber tree individuals were established in (1) solitary plantings (TSol) or in companion plantings with (2) Guazuma ulmifolia (TGua) or (3) the nitrogen-fixing Gliricidia sepium (TGli).Methods
We quantified growth characteristics and herbivory of T. rosea, and analyzed leaf chemistry (including the stable isotopes ??15N and ??13C) and structure (leaf mass per area).Results
Companion trees significantly affected stem diameter growth of T. rosea. Stem diameter growth was as high in TGli trees as in TSol trees but was reduced in TGua trees. Furthermore, TGua trees had higher leaf water content, and lower ??13C and lower leaf mass-to-area ratio than TGli trees, suggesting there were effects of shading by G. ulmifolia on T. rosea. Herbivory was high but not affected by planting regimes. Leafing phenology did not differ between planting regimes and G. sepium did not increase nitrogen content in T. rosea leaves.Conclusion
Companion tree planting can support timber tree growth in silvopastoral reforestations, but adequate species selection is crucial for successful implementation of this planting system. Tree?Ctree interactions seem to be more relevant for timber tree growth than herbivory in the studied system. 相似文献15.
As reforestation and restoration processes gain momentum across the world native tree species are being established for production, conservation and restoration purposes in agricultural landscapes. One such tree with promise is dinde [Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. Don ex Steud]; a multi-purpose, Neotropical tree species that is being widely introduced on to farms of the coffee axis region in the Latin American Andes. No formal studies have been made that examine its potential for reforestation. In this study we aim to measure and define the relationships between age, bole size (dbh), tree height, and crown size of planted dinde trees for the development of spacing guidelines at time of planting and for thinning. We also sought to identify whether tree growth is influenced by various measures of soil fertility. We studied these relationships on dinde trees planted at twelve farms in the central Andean foothills of Colombia. Our results are the first to show dinde has comparable growth to other native and exotic trees used for reforestation in Latin America. Strong relationships exist for tree age and diameter at breast height (DBH) with crown size and height. Based on these relationships we developed spacing and thinning guidelines for timber production in plantation and silvo-pastoral circumstances. Soils were generally fertile but varied between farms. Growth varied with soil primarily related to pH and calcium, and secondly to soil nitrogen and organic matter. Our results provide preliminary information for the forester and/or the farmer on expected growth and size relationships for given ages in relation to soil fertility for planted trees. As more trees are planted on a wider array of soils and providing a greater diversity of ages further studies are necessary for refining guidelines. 相似文献
16.
[目的]揭示4种不同类型行道树的生长规律及其对地下土壤结构、养分和水分供需关系的适应情况,探索适于上海市行道树的土壤结构和养分等管理模式,以改善上海市行道树生长状况。[方法]采用土壤填充颗粒粒径、结构土比例以及基质湿度3因素4水平的正交试验设计,研究4种行道树在不同栽植基质下地上部分表型生长和根系发育状况。[结果]结果表明:不同栽植基质对悬铃木苗高有显著影响,对4种行道树根系发育及根系生物量积累均起到极显著作用。处理3栽植基质的悬铃木苗高最高(4.42 m),较对照组均值显著高出11.90%。4种树种根系发育的最佳栽植基质各不相同,处理8栽植基质下香樟根系发育最为优越,其根系总长、根系表面积和根系体积分别为162 564.21 cm、42 370.89 cm~2和833.98 cm~3,均显著高于对照等其它处理。银杏除根系总长在处理4栽植基质下达到最大值(26 498.01 cm),其余根系指标均在处理7栽植基质下发育较好,显著优于对照等其它处理。处理2栽植基质下悬铃木根系总长、根系表面积、根系平均直径和根系体积均显著高于其它处理。广玉兰根系生长指标均在处理6栽植基质下达最大值。香樟、银杏、悬铃木和广玉兰根系生物量分别在处理8、处理7、处理2和处理6栽植基质下达到最大,其最大值分别为1 029.52 g、871.93 g、1 294.84 g和1 025.62 g,且分别显著高出对照组均值80.44%、67.08%、61.21%和81.36%。通过模糊函数隶属法初步筛选出适宜香樟、银杏、悬铃木和广玉兰种4种行道树生长的栽植基质分别为处理8(土壤粒径3 cm,结构土比例80%,土壤湿度50%)、处理7(土壤粒径3 cm,结构土比例60%,土壤湿度40%)、处理2(土壤粒径5 cm,结构土比例40%,土壤湿度60%)和处理6(土壤粒径3cm,结构土比例40%,土壤湿度80%)。[结论]香樟生长对栽植基质水肥条件较敏感,适宜生长于水分适中、养分含量高的基质中;银杏较适生长在土壤通气良好、养分中等的立地,且其对水分要求相对较低;悬铃木适宜于通气性良好,水分和养分条件较好的基质中;广玉兰生长对基质含水量需求较大。对4种行道树进行养护时应根据其生长需求特点尽可能进行土壤水肥等条件控制。 相似文献
17.
随着新农村建设政策的稳步推进,乡村道路建设的不断改善,乡村行道树的建设逐渐受到重视.道路绿化具有生态保护、交通辅助、景观组织和文化隐喻等功能[1].当前,全国正开展新农村绿色家园建设,乡村行道树作为绿化的重要内容,在村庄内部,村庄与村庄之间,形成一个完整的绿化系统,合理选用乡村行道树对改善农村生态环境、提高乡村道路质量、美化乡村景观以及提高经济效益都有重要作用;然而,目前有关行道树的研究主要集中在城市[2-5],在一定区域尺度,有关乡村道路绿化树种选择、树种组成、树种特征、生长要素等等方面,目前尚无人涉及研究~[6-8],难以为新农村绿色家园建设提供技术支撑. 相似文献
18.
《Southern Forests》2013,75(4):273-277
Tree height, crown height, crown diameter and stem diameter were measured for 282 trees of the indigenous species Combretum erythrophyllum, Searsia lancea and S. pendulina. Growth relationships were modelled using age as explanatory variable for stem diameter and subsequently stem diameter as explanatory variable for tree height, crown height and crown diameter. Coefficients are presented for predicting tree dimensions using a logarithmic function. There were strong correlations for stem diameter and age (r 2 ≥ 0.75), and crown diameter and stem diameter (r 2 ≥ 0.74) for all three of the species investigated. Correlations were weaker for tree height and stem diameter (r 2 ≥ 0.63), and crown height and stem diameter (r 2 ≥ 0.60) for S. pendulina but stronger for both C. erythrophyllum (r 2 ≥ 0.83) and S. lancea (r 2 ≥ 0.70) in both instances. The results can be used in forecasting the physical dimensions of these species as a function of time. The results could also be used in the process of modelling energy use reduction, air pollution uptake, rainfall interception, carbon sequestration and microclimate modification of urban forests such as those found in the City of Tshwane. 相似文献
19.
J. H. Houx III R. L. McGraw H. E. Garrett R. L. Kallenbach F. B. Fritschi Wendi Rogers 《Agroforestry Systems》2013,87(1):73-80
Silvopasture—the integration of trees, forage, and livestock can be established by planting trees in existing pastures. Successful tree establishment and acceptable tree growth in existing tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] pastures requires a vegetation-free zone near the tree base. This study was conducted to determine how large a vegetation-free zone was necessary for the establishment of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) in tall fescue pastures. Half-sib black walnut seeds were planted in seven different-sized vegetation-free zones [0.0 (control), 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.8 m radii] that were created and maintained by applying glyphosate. The study included two consecutive planting years at two locations, one in central Missouri and another in north-central Missouri. The central Missouri site was underlain with well drained, deep soil while the other site was underlain with a poorly drained soil with a defined argillic horizon. Tree height growth was greatest in 0.9-m or larger vegetation-free zones. Diameter growth was greatest in 1.2-m vegetation-free zones and larger. The results suggest that a minimum of a 1.2-m vegetation-free zone in tall fescue pastures should be used to maximize black walnut height and diameter growth in the critical first years of tree establishment. 相似文献