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1.
血清4型鸭疫里默氏杆菌在我国的发现及其病原特性研究   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  
本文首次报道了血清4型鸭疫里默氏杆菌在中国的发现。1994年1月至2000年10月，从全国28个省（市、自治区）不同代次（原种、祖代、父母代和商品代）的5－90日龄患有典型鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的病死鸭分离到146株血清4型的鸭疫里默氏杆菌。对其病原学特性进行研究的结果表明，血清4型的鸭疫里默氏杆菌在我国鸭群感染分布的范围极广，分离菌株对雏鸭具有很强的致病性，对小鼠无致病性，各在分离菌株表现出一致的形态特征和非常相似的生理生化特性；各地分离菌株耐药谱很广，但对头孢类药物（如头孢拉啶、头孢克洛等）和利福平却普遍高度敏感。用分离菌株制备的灭活疫苗免疫雏鸭具有良好的免疫原性。  相似文献   

2.
血清8型鸭疫里墨氏杆菌在我国的发现及其病原特性研究   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  
1994年1月-2000年10月，从全国23个省（市，自治区）不同代次（原种，祖代，父母代和商品代）的5-90日龄患有典型鸭传染性浆膜炎的病死鸭分离到68株血清8型的鸭疫里墨氏杆菌，对其病原学特性进行研究的结果表明，血清8型的鸭疫里墨氏杆菌在我国鸭群感染分布的范围极广，分离菌株对雏鸭具有很强的致病性，对小鼠无致病性，各地分离菌株表现出一致的形态特征和非常相似的生理生化特性；各地分离菌株耐药谱很广，但对头孢类药物（如头孢拉啶，头孢克洛等）和利福平却普遍高度敏感。用分离菌株制备的灭活疫苗免疫雏鸭具有良好的免疫原性。  相似文献   

3.
鸭疫里氏杆菌病的病原学特性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
2001年6月至2002年4月，从浙江省7个地、市患典型鸭疫里氏杆菌病的不同品种病死分离到20株鸭疫里氏杆菌（RA），所分离菌株对各品种雏鸭具有很强的致病性，各分离菌株表现出一致的形态特征和正常相似的生理生化特性。  相似文献   

4.
血清5型鸭疫里氏杆菌在我国的发现及其病原特性研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
1994年1月至2000年10月，从全国25个省、自治区、直辖市的5－90日龄患典型鸭疫里氏杆菌病的种鸭和商品鸭中分离到89株血清5型鸭疫里氏杆菌。对其病原学特性研究结果表明，血清5型鸭疫里氏杆菌病在我国鸭群感染范围极广；分离菌株对雏鸭具有很强的致病性，对小白鼠无致病性；各地分离菌株表现出一致的形态特征和非常相似的生理生化特性；各地分离力株耐药谱很广，但对头孢类药物和利福平高度敏感。用分离菌株制备的灭活疫苗免疫雏鸭具有很好的免疫原性。  相似文献   

5.
鸭疫里默氏杆菌血清7型的病原特性   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
1994年1月～2000年10月,从全国23个省(市、自治区)不同代次(原种、祖代、父母代和商品代)的5～90日龄患有典型鸭传染性浆膜炎的病死鸭分离到87株血清7型的鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA).对其病原学特性研究的结果表明,血清7型RA在我国鸭群感染分布的范围极广,分离菌株对雏鸭具有很强的致病性,对小鼠无致病性,各地分离菌株表现出一致的形态特征和非常相似的生化特性;各地分离菌株耐药谱很广,但对头孢类药物(如头孢拉啶、头孢克洛等)和利福平却普遍高度敏感.用分离菌株制备的灭活疫苗免疫雏鸭具有良好的免疫原性.  相似文献   

6.
１９９１年从云南某地疑似鸭病毒性肝炎（ＤＶＨ）的病雏鸭肝脏分离到一株病毒，经鸡胚染试验，电镜形态观察，中和试验鉴定，证明为鸭病毒性肝炎病毒１型（ＤＨＶ－Ｉ）毒株。该病毒对鸡胚高度适应，传递至８０代对雏鸭无致病力，经易感雏鸭连传代毒力无反强现象，故命名为ＤＨＶ－ＫＭ６０株。鸡胚测试其滴度为ＬＤ５０１０６－７．３２／０．２ｍｌ。采用ＤＨＶ－ＫＭ６０制备疫苗，经口服免疫，对１日龄雏鸭的安全性高，免疫原性  相似文献   

7.
重庆和四川地区鸭疫里默氏杆菌流行动态研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
对2004年9月至2005年5月收集的鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染浆膜炎病例进行了流行病学调查，结果分离到57株鸭疫里默氏杆菌，经凝集试验和琼脂扩散试验证明分属8个不同的血清型，其中AF、BSY、DZ是主要血清型。分离菌株对雏鸭有很强的致病性；各地分离菌株表现一致的形态特征和相似的生理生化特性；耐药谱很广，但对头孢唑啉、环丙沙星、丁氨卡那、利福平为高度敏感。  相似文献   

8.
从山东潍坊不同鸭场发病雏鸭肝脏、肺脏病料中分离到3株致病菌,通过培养特性观察、革兰氏染色、生化试验,初步鉴定为奇异变形杆菌。用PCR方法扩增分离菌株的16 S rRNA基因,获得大小为1 504 bp的目的片段。经BLAST比对分析表明,与其同源性最高的均为奇异变形杆菌各株系的16 S rRNA序列,同源性高达98%以上,与14株参考菌的同源性为98.9%~99.8%,在系统发育树上聚为同一枝,表明分离菌株为鸭奇异变形杆菌。动物接种试验表明分离菌株对鸭均具有较强致病性。药敏试验结果显示分离株对头孢吡肟、哌拉西林、氨曲南等8种药物敏感,对米诺环素、头孢曲松、环丙沙星等23种药物有耐药性。  相似文献   

9.
对珠江三角洲地区鸭肝发病雏鸭群进行病原分离、致病性试验及理化特性测定。结果共分离到9株野毒，初步研究结果表明该9株野毒具备Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒（DHV－Ⅰ）的基本特征，但其毒力具有不均一性。对7日龄雏鸭的致病力，其中3株LD50分别为10^-4.36/0.3mL,10^-4.17/0.3mL和10^-4.08/0.3mL；另外3株LD50分别为10^-2.48/0.3mL,10^-2.39/0.3mL和10^-2.19/0.3mL；其余3株对7日龄雏鸭无致病性，但2株对1日龄的雏鸭却有一定的致病性，1株无致病性。该研究成果为分析本地区鸭肝炎疫情变化提供了依据。  相似文献   

10.
为明确珠三角地区鸭疫里默菌的主要生物学特性,对从珠三角地区分离到的87株鸭疫里默菌进行生化试验、玻片凝集试验、药敏试验、致病性检测及16 S rRNA基因测序,以比较相互间的生物学特性及其同源性.结果表明,分离株的生化特性基本一致;血清型以2型为主,占65.5％,其次是1型,占14.9％,此外还有16株未定型,占18.4％;代表株对雏鸭具有很强的致病性,对头孢类药物（头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、头孢吡肟、头孢唑林）非常敏感,而对常用抗菌药物（青霉素、氨苄西林、氯霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素）普遍耐药;本试验检测的19株代表菌的16 S rRNA基因序列的同源性较高,16 S rRNA基因与菌株的血清型和致病性无直接关系.  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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