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1.
Kamel Msaada Mouna Ben Taarit Karim Hosni Mohamed Hammami Brahim Marzouk 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
The composition of volatile components of the essential oils extracted from fruits of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) growing in two different Tunisian regions in both Menzel Temime and Borj El Ifaa was studied by GC and GC–MS. The highest oil yields were observed at final stages of maturity: 0.324 ± 0.09% and 0.327 ± 0.08%, in Menzel Temime and Borj El Ifaa, respectively. Essential oil yields were highly (P < 0.001) affected by the growing region, stages of maturity and their interaction. Essential oil composition changed significantly (P < 0.05) among the different stages of maturity and growing region. Linalool and geranyl acetate were the main compounds at full fruit maturity in the two studied regions. Growing region, stages of maturity and their interaction had a strong effect (P < 0.001) on 35 compounds. α-Pinene, sabinene, limonene, γ-terpinene, cis-dihydrocarvone and geranial were insensible to the regional factor. 相似文献
2.
Specific components of cranberry fruit are being associated with human health attributes, such as maintenance of urinary tract health and antioxidant status. Some of the chemical properties and antioxidant capacity of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. cv. Pilgrim) fruits were investigated at light green, blush, light red and dark red maturation stages. Fruit total phenolics, total monomeric anthocyanins, soluble solids, titratable acidity and individual organic acids were examined. Antioxidant capacity of fruits were determined by both the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. The fruit color was measured using a portable chromameter. A converse relationship was found between total phenolics and anthocyanin as fruits mature. Total phenolic concentration was declined from 7990 to 4745 mg GAE/kg fw, while total monomeric anthocyanin content was increased from 0.8 to 111.0 mg/kg fw from green to dark red stage. Brix was increased from 6 to 9.3% as well. The main organic acid was citric acid determined by the HPLC method. The antioxidant capacity of cranberries decreased to light red stage; when a fruit accumulates more anthocyanin the activity increased again in both FRAP and TEAC methods. Averaged antioxidant capacity measured was 12.61 and 17.48 mmol TE/kg fw by FRAP and TEAC methods. 相似文献
3.
桃果实采后脂氧合酶活性和膜脂脂肪酸组分的变化 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
以‘湖景蜜露’桃果实为试材, 分析了果实后熟软化进程中的乙烯释放、脂氧合酶(LOX) 活性和细胞膜脂脂肪酸组分的变化, 探讨其与果实软化的关系。结果表明, 细胞脂脂肪酸组分主要有棕榈酸(16∶0) 、硬脂酸(18∶0) 、油酸(18∶1) 、亚油酸(18∶2) 和亚麻酸(18∶3) 。在果实采后20 ℃后熟过程中, 三种不饱和脂肪酸组分比例变化较大(尤其是亚油酸和亚麻酸) , 而两种饱和脂肪酸的变化很小。在LOX 自我活化之前, 亚麻酸可能是LOX催化反应的主要底物。果实组织的后熟软化与LOX参与的细胞膜脂过氧化作用有关, 乙烯跃变可能是桃果实成熟启动后的伴随因子, 参与后熟软化进程。 相似文献
4.
In this study, some selected physico-chemical properties (antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid, fatty acids, fruit colour, fruit juice yield, fruit weight, organic acids, pH, total phenolic and total soluble solid contents) of five black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) genotypes grown in the Northeast Anatolia region of Turkey was investigated. The total phenolic and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of black mulberry fruits were determined according to Folin-Ciocalteu and β-carotene bleaching method assays, respectively. Fatty acids of mulberry fruits were determined by using gas chromatography. Total phenolic content was observed in black mulberry fruits between 1943 and 2237 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fresh mass. The vitamin C content of genotypes varied between 14.9 and 18.7 mg/100 ml. The major fatty acids in all mulberry fruits were linoleic acid (53.57–64.41%) and palmitic acid (11.36–16.41%). Antioxidant activity of black mulberry genotypes was found between 63% and 76%, which lower than standard BHA and BHT. Regarding organic acid content, malic acid was the most predominant with a range of 123–218 mg/g followed by citric acid (21–41 mg/g). The results of the study are helpful for attempting crop improvement in black mulberry for bringing to cultivation. 相似文献
5.
Arnon Dag Zohar Kerem Nir Yogev Issac Zipori Shimon Lavee Eric Ben-David 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
Harvesting plays a major role in the virgin olive oil production line, being the most expensive single component, but also due to its significant effect on the whole year's produce. Previous studies have focused on the effects of harvest timing on either oil yield or quality. Here we determined the separate and combined effects of harvesting date, fruit maturation, cultivar and fruit load on olive oil quality and quantity. Cultivars typical to the Middle East region were selected: the traditional cv. Souri and the newer cv. Barnea, grown under intensive conditions. The results demonstrate fundamental differences between the two cultivars with respect to harvest strategy. In high-yielding ‘Barnea’, oil accumulation continued throughout the ripening season resulting in increasing yield of oil with time while maintaining high quality. Hence, exploiting the production potential in ‘Barnea’ requires late harvest and advanced fruit maturity. However, in heavily loaded ‘Souri’, oil accumulation was accompanied by early massive shedding of fruits. Furthermore, late harvest and advanced maturation in ‘Souri’ were associated with a sharp increase in free fatty acids combined with a rapid decline in polyphenol content, and in MUFA to PUFA and saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratios, all resulting in loss of oil quality. Rapid decline in oil yield coupled with deterioration of oil quality call for early harvesting at low maturity index in ‘Souri’. In medium-yielding trees of both cultivars, maturation progressed more rapidly, resulting in earlier harvest to utilize optimal oil potential. 相似文献
6.
黑穗醋栗果实成熟过程主要营养成分变化规律 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
黑穗醋栗果实的各种营养物质，在整个发育成熟过程中，各阶段的变化不同。薄皮和厚皮两品种表现出相同的变化规律。果实内总糖含量随果实成熟逐渐增加，果实成熟后略有减少，总糖中以果糖和葡萄糖为主；有机酸含量随果实成熟逐渐减少。接近成熟时增长缓慢；维生素Ｃ、氨基酸的相对含量的幼果中最多，随着果实的成熟逐渐减少。氨基酸在果实成熟时相对含量最低，其后略有增加；而维生素Ｃ则一直下降，果实成熟时下降缓慢。相关分析表明 相似文献
7.
采用气相色谱技术对26 份辣椒材料果皮脂肪酸组成进行了研究,并与种子中脂肪酸组成进行了比较分析。结果表明：在供试的26 份辣椒材料果皮中共鉴定出9 种脂肪酸成分,分别为月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸和山嵛酸;辣椒果皮中主要脂肪酸组分是亚油酸、亚麻酸和棕榈酸,各脂肪酸组分含量在品种间存在明显差异,变异系数为8.16%～53.37%。与种子中脂肪酸组成含量比较分析结果表明：辣椒果皮中检测到月桂酸,且亚麻酸的平均含量相对较高;而种子中未检测到月桂酸,且亚油酸的平均含量约是果皮中的2 倍,说明脂肪酸的组成及含量在辣椒果实的不同部位存在一定差异。 相似文献
8.
The yield and chemical composition of the seed oil of Celastrus paniculatus were determined by solvent extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The yield of crude fatty oil was found to be 45.5% in the mature seeds on dry weight basis. Fourteen compounds, constituting 97.57% of the oil, were identified. The oil was rich in unsaturated fatty acids (70.11%) followed by saturated fatty acids (25.2%). Oleic acid (54.42%), palmitic acid (20.0%), linoleic acid (15.51%), and stearic acid (4.18%) were the main fatty acids in the oil together with four other minor fatty acids. The current study identifies the novel compounds not previously reported in C. paniculatus oil, including 1,4-benzenediol (0.46%), cinnamic acid (0.15%), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone (0.03%), butylated hydroxytoluene (0.4%), and eudalene (0.16). 相似文献
9.
杨梅果实发育与糖的积累及其关系研究 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
以东魁、荸荠种、水梅为试材,研究了杨梅果实发育与糖积累及其关系。根据杨梅果实大小的增加将果实发育大致分为3个阶段,呈双“S型”曲线动态变化:第1阶段(约盛花32d前)果实纵、横径增长最快;第2阶段(32-63d)果核发育硬化,果重增加明显;第3阶段(63d至成熟)果实进入快速增长高峰,果重迅速增加,光合产物在果实中迅速积累。杨梅果实中积累的糖主要是蔗糖,果糖和葡萄糖仅占总糖的1/4,蔗糖含量在发育初期和中期都较低,盛花52d后开始快速积累直至果实成熟,东魁高于水梅、荸荠种;葡萄糖和果糖变化大致保持同步,第1阶段较高,第2阶段降到最低,第3阶段迅速积累达到最高,与蔗糖积累基本保持一致,成熟时东魁与水梅较荸荠种高且相近。杨梅果实中酸性转化酶(Ivr)与中性转化酶(Nvr)活性变化趋势相同,幼果早期最高,中期降低后维持较低活性直至成熟。品种间pH值变幅相似,果实发育第1阶段最高,第2阶段降到最低,转色后上升。相关分析表明:果实发育动态与蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖的积累存在着极显著的相关关系,其中果实横径的增加与果实糖积累组分中蔗糖的变化2者间相关性最大(r=0.93255**)。 相似文献
10.
以地方核桃为试材,拍照记录果实外观形态变化,并对不同发育时期果实质量、果实纵横径、坚果质量、种仁质量、出仁率、油脂含量和成熟种仁中脂肪酸组分等进行测定,以期明确青海高原核桃果实油脂和生长动态变化。结果表明:随着核桃果实生长发育,果实质量、果实纵横径、坚果质量、种仁质量、出仁率、油脂含量等指标总体呈上升趋势,其中果实质量在成熟后期略有下降,并依据指标建立了核桃果实生长发育的数学模型。7月中旬油脂开始积累,并逐渐增加,至果实成熟时种仁中的油脂含量达到最大值69.4%,种仁中主要脂肪酸是棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量可达91.7%。9月中旬核桃果实充分成熟,且油脂含量最高,是最佳采收时期。可根据核桃果实形态、果实生长曲线和数学模型来判断果实发育时期,采取合理的栽培管理措施,从而提高核桃果实的产量和品质。 相似文献
11.
Defense response of tomato fruit at different maturity stages to salicylic acid and ethephon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In order to elucidate whether fruit maturity stage influence the induced resistance of exogenous elicitors in tomato and the involved mechanisms, we investigated the defense responses of tomato fruits against Botrytis cinerea, ethylene production and internal quality following treatments of fruit with salicylic acid (SA) or ethephon (ET) at mature green (MG) and breaker (BR). SA significantly suppressed decay and disease incidence in tomato fruits at both MG and BR stages, along with higher expression level of PR1 gene after 2 days of treatment. All fruits treated by SA had lower contents of ethylene and lycopene. The ET-treated fruit at both maturity stages showed lower disease incidence and higher level of PR2 and PR3 expression compared with the control fruit. ET treatment significantly enhanced ethylene and lycopene contents, and accelerated fruit ripening. Our results suggest that SA and ET induced disease resistance in fruits by mediating the expression of different pathogenesis-related genes and have different effects on fruit ripening, which in turn influences the disease resistance of tomato fruits. 相似文献
12.
Antonio Daza Pedro A. García-Galavís María J. Grande Carmen Santamaría 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008,118(3):206-211
The influence of Marianna GF 8-1, GF 677, Julior-Ferdor, Nemared, Monegro (G × N 9), Felinem (G × N 22), Adesoto 101 and Cadaman rootstocks on fruit quality of ‘Pioneer’ Japanese plum was analysed. The study was performed during three consecutive years in the Guadalquivir Valley (Seville, Spain), on a silt loam and calcareous soil. Colour, fruit size, fruit and stone weights, hardness, soluble solid concentration and acidity were measured for fruit quality evaluation. In general, the effect of the different rootstocks on most of the analysed quality parameters was variable because a strong interaction rootstock × year was observed. However, several parameters as fruit shape, soluble solid concentration, acidity and maturity seem to be harder conditioned in some rootstocks, did not show significant differences year-by-year. Fruits produced on scions grafted on Marianna and Nemared showed the highest soluble solid concentration and Cadaman the lowest, the last also originated the hardest fruits and the lowest maturity. 相似文献
13.
Soil and rootstock can particularly affect the ‘Rainha Claudia Verde’ (Prunus domestica) fruit quality, mainly its firmness characteristics. To investigate the variation in fruit quality, plums were harvested at commercial maturity from trees grafted on Marianna GF8-1 (Prunus cerasifera × munsoniana) and Marianna GF10-2 (P. cerasifera × munsoniana) rootstocks on two different soils: Haplic Luvisol and Vertic Luvisol. After harvest fruits were stored at 2 °C for 3 weeks. At the harvest day a small group of fruits were analysed without cold storage. During storage fruits were tested for firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and fruit mineral content. Tree vigour was evaluated from trunk cross-sectional areas values.The GF8-1 rootstock promoted the highest vegetative development, comparing to GF10-2. This rootstock promoted the largest fruits size and the higher calcium fruit level. Positive correlations were found between higher concentrations of calcium in the pulp fruits and firmness. Fruits from two different rootstocks showed the same firmness at harvest but during cold storage, fruits from GF10-2 rootstock exhibited the highest firmness pulp values. There weren’t significant differences in fruit nitrogen and potassium levels for any studied factor.At harvest solids soluble content and solids soluble content/titratable acidity ratio weren’t affected by soil type or rootstock. As expected, solids soluble content during cold storage increased and solids soluble content/titratable acidity had a slight increase.GF10-2 revealed to be a good option as a ‘Rainha Claudia Verde’ rootstock for plums growers due to its intermediate-vigour. Also GF10-2 fruits presented better quality during storage comparing with GF8-1. 相似文献
14.
四川牡丹部分野生居群种子脂肪酸组分比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川牡丹（Paeonia decomposita Hand.-Mazz.）结实量大,专性种子繁殖,具油用开发潜力。对7个不同野生居群的四川牡丹种子千粒质量、种仁出油率、籽油中脂肪酸组成及相对含量进行了测定,并探讨其与土壤因子的相关性。结果表明：四川牡丹不同居群种子千粒质量平均为（311.65 ± 46.45）g,平均种仁出油率32.23% ± 1.96%,居群间差异显著（P < 0.05）;籽油中共检测到7种主要脂肪酸：棕榈酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生一烯酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量高达91.94% ~ 93.70%,亚麻酸相对含量高达40.45% ~ 47.68%,不同居群籽油脂肪酸组分相对含量存在差异;土壤有效钾含量与种子出油率呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）,土壤有机质、全氮含量与亚油酸含量呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）,其他脂肪酸组分与土壤因子相关性不显著。 相似文献
15.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2002,95(4):297-308
Studies were conducted to investigate how harvest maturity influence fruit ripening processes to alleviate chilling injury (CI) in mangoes (cv. Tommy Atkins). Fruit at three stages of maturity, immature (M1), half-mature (M2) and mature (M3) were stored for 18 days at 5 °C and then at 1 or 3 days at 20 °C. M1 fruit succumbed to CI after 18 days at 5 °C, with symptoms increasing in severity upon warming. Low C2H4 production, poor colour development, minor changes to fruit composition, insipid flavour and poor aroma revealed that fruit ripening was insufficient to reduce CI compared to M2 and M3 fruits. M2 and M3 fruits had higher C2H4 production rates than M1 fruit and ripened normally with acceptable flavour and aroma after 18 days at 5 °C and 3 days at 20 °C. While M3 fruit had no CI symptoms, they were overripe and fruit decay incidence was 26.6%, compared to M2 fruit which had no decay, a trace of CI symptoms and possessed the best overall quality. 相似文献
16.
Different marula clones domesticated in the arid Negev desert were evaluated for their horticultural behavior physiological and antioxidant characteristics of their fruits. Two types of abscission pattern were detected, early and late. Fruit yields fluctuated from year to year (6–45 kg/tree) with large differences between clones (few fruits to 45 kg/tree). The clones also differed in fruit weight (34.41 ± 0.91 to 56.74 ± 1.65 g), shape, and juice content. Ascorbic acid content was found to be high in all the clones with significant differences among clones and time post-abscission. Clone no 12 at 1 week post-abscission had the higher ascorbic acid content, 21.177 mg/g dry weight and clone no 4 at the abscission day had the lower ascorbic acid content, 7.142 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight. The total antioxidant and polyphenol content of the juice varied among clones and with time post-abscission, as did the activity of superoxide dismutase (about 1.40 IU/g dry weight of SOD at week 0 for all clones, to 2.67 IU/g dry weight at the third week post-abscission). Fresh marula juice had, on average, four times more antioxidant than the juice of either orange or pomegranate (marula ascorbic acid equivalent: 8.52 ± 0.76 mM to 23.26 ± 2.20 mM versus 2.72 ± 0.39 mM to 7.38 ± 0.18 mM and 2.56 ± 0.41 mM to 3.92 ± 0.18 mM, respectively), considered to be rich in antioxidants. Marula ice cream and jam manufactured according to industrial protocols were rich in ascorbic acid 45 days post-production. In conclusion, selected genotypes of marula exhibited superior horticultural traits and high antioxidant contents. These data should be of value in selecting marula clones for commercial planting. 相似文献
17.
南疆栽培杏品种杏仁油脂肪酸组成及其遗传多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用气—质联用（GC–MS）技术对30个南疆栽培杏品种杏仁油脂肪酸组分及其遗传多样性进行了研究,并与4个华北栽培杏品种进行了比较。在参试的30个南疆杏品种杏仁油中共鉴定出包括油酸、亚油酸、棕榈油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸等15种脂肪酸成分,其中不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总含量的83.26% ~ 88.81%,各品种均以油酸含量最高,亚油酸次之,棕榈酸第三,存在“高油酸、高亚油酸、低棕榈酸”的优异种质;南疆杏与华北杏杏仁油脂肪酸组成较为接近,均以不饱和脂肪酸为主,脂肪酸组分的含量在各品种间亦存在差异,变异系数分别为6.37% ~ 49.38%和3.44% ~ 79.57%,存在一定程度上的遗传多样性,但油酸及亚油酸等主要脂肪酸组分的变异幅度不大,变异系数均在10%以下。 相似文献
18.
In this selection survey that was performed to select the types with superior properties among the population of seedling walnut trees in Çank?r? location, fruit samples were collected individually from 67 trees. Than these types were evaluated for fruit and tree properties and eight walnut types with fruit weight between 11.90 and 15.83 g, interior weight between 6.66 and 8.82 g, the interior ratio between 53.06 and 60.41?%, shell thickness between 1.21 and 1.50 mm were selected as promising. For these types the shell color was determined as dark in two types and tawny in six types. The inner color was found to be light yellow in four types and dark yellow in four types. The selected types were in a good condition for full and sound interior ratio. Seven types gave 100?% full and sound inner. Whereas one type gave 20?% empty fruit. Four types showed homogamous blooming, one types showed protandrous blooming and three types displayed protogynous blooming. The total oil content of selected types varied from 43.16 to 58.68?%. The range of fatty acid contents in the fruits of these types were also determined between 50.83 and 60.77?% for linoleic acid, between 16.14 and 26.44?% for oleic acid, between 5.42 and 7.29?% for palmitic acid, between 11.08 and 14.25?% for linolenic acid and between 1.70 and 2.55?% for stearic acid. 相似文献
19.
Spondias mangifera is a unique, fleshy, drupe fruit with a mango flavor. The hardening of endocarp during development and maturation of hog plum is a major bottleneck, which reduces the edibility of the fruits by 80% and makes them unmarketable. For the first time, three distinct maturity stages were demonstrated. Distinct pattern in change in surface color, accumulation of carotene pigments and biochemical components in fruits were observed. The decrease in chlorophyll ‘a’ and chlorophyll ‘b’ correlated well with the downhill trend in Transmittance Refractory Spectroscopy (TRS) – ‘L’, ‘a’, ‘b’ values. The decrease in the total chlorophyll along with the accumulation of carotene pigment contributes significantly to the lightness of surface color and reflected in ‘L’ hue values. Confluence of carotene and total chlorophyll on the 9th week provides a distinct marker for maturity. Complete convergence of five carpells on the 9th week after fruit set, heralds the onset of maturation in Indian hog plum and which was adjudged as visual index of maturity. Hardening of endocarp begins after attainment of optimum maturity and last for 2 weeks. Pre-climacteric plunge in respiration along with coordinated changes in pigments, and accumulation of ascorbic acid, phenols, presets the optimum maturity period of 9th week after fruit set. Pre-climacteric falls in respiration with lowest output of 40.57 mg CO2/kg-h concentration on 9th week after fruit set indicates the attainment of fruit maturity. Harvesting of hog plum between 9th and 11th weeks provides the fruit with soft endocarp and complete edibility. 相似文献
20.
I. Rodríguez-Guisado Fca Hernndez P. Melgarejo P. Legua R. Martínez J.J. Martínez 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,122(3):491-496
Since quince (Cydonia oblonga) currently shows high genetic variability, along with the precarious state of preservation of the species in some cultivation areas, the study evaluated morphological, chemical and organoleptically five quince clones (MEMB1, MEMB2, MEMB3, MEMB4, and MEMB5) in the Southeast of Spain. Leaf characterisation generally showed ovate leaves, cordate base, mucronated apex and obtuse apex angle. Globose fruits predominated in all clones. Total soluble solids (TSS) ranged from 11.5 °Brix to 14.7 °Brix), and the predominant sugars were fructose and glucose; MEMB3 yielded the highest sugar content of all (17.93%). While malic was the main organic acid (0.78%) followed by tartaric (0.22%), quince juice yielded very low citric acid (0.009–0.014%). Besides, quince generally showed high crude fiber contents (8.14% for MEMB1), low fat contents and can weight up to 290 g. The characterised clones were appropriate for both fresh consumption and processing due to their semi-hard pulp and low astringency. 相似文献