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人参是我国传统名贵中药材,也是吉林省对外交往中的代名词。吉林参畦土壤有效磷含量低,但大量施用磷肥又会导致人参品质的下降,因此,本研究从人参根区土壤中筛选高效解磷细菌,接种到人参根部,研究其对人参生长、品质、土壤速效养分、土壤酶活性的影响,以期为人参解磷微生物肥料提供优良菌株,从而促进人参产业绿色发展。采用PKO平板初筛及摇瓶复筛从野山参根区土壤筛选高效解磷细菌。盆栽试验以3年生人参种苗为材料,每盆种植6棵单株重相同的人参种苗,设对照(CK)和处理组,待完全展叶后间苗,留取4棵长势一致的人参苗,采用滴灌的方式将菌液接种在人参苗根部附近,生长至红果期(90 d)取样,测定植物生长量和叶绿素含量、土壤速效养分、参根和参叶中NPK的含量、土壤酶活性、参根中微量元素和8种皂苷的含量。结果表明,1)平板初筛和摇瓶复筛得到P1、P7菌株,摇瓶培养中,P1可溶性磷为472.85μg/m L,P7可溶性磷为437.33μg/m L。2)P1处理的人参参根鲜重、干重显著高于P7、BM、CK处理,株高显著高于对照,叶绿素含量显著高于P7、BM、CK(P0.05)。3)P1处理促进人参对土壤钾元素的吸收,提高磷素在参根中的积累量。4)接种菌剂可以不同程度的提高土壤酶活性,以P1处理的效果最显著,P1处理人参根际土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化物酶活性均为最高。5)P1处理显著提高了人参根中Fe、Mn、Cu的含量,分别较对照增加了52.74%、127.03%、28.96%,P1处理Zn与对照相比增加19.96%;人参根中8种单体皂苷P1处理均显著高于P7、BM、CK。6)经16S rRNA分析结合P1形态初步鉴定为假单胞菌。 相似文献
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土壤中养分的存在形态不同对作物的可给性不同。从植物营养的角度虽然可将土壤中的锰分为三种形态:即速效锰(为作物直接吸收利用的二价锰)、缓效锰(主要为三价锰的氧化物,易于转化为二价锰)和无效锰(不易为作物吸收利用的四价锰),但用试验手段却很难获得这些结果。习用的方法是采用某种提取剂以提出某一形态的锰。本文根据盆栽试验和土壤测定的资料[1,2],对易还原态、代换态、有机络合剂络合态、磷酸盐溶解态以及水溶态锰在石灰性土壤中的转化和含量变化进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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麦类作物锰营养的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
锰是作物极重要的微量营养元素。麦类作物缺锰会导致“灰斑病”、“花叶死苗病”及其它一些植物病害。土壤和作物施锰可以改善小麦的营养生长、提高谷粒产量和品质。植物锰营养的研究表明，麦类作物锰的敏感期是冬前期到返青期。最大效应期是拔节期到剂穗期，锰在小麦体内的移动性较差。叶片中锰的浓度一般最高，其次是茎杆，穗中锰浓度最低。施锰能提高植物各部位中的锰含量，并改善小麦籽粒内的养分平衡。麦类作物缺锰的临界值一般 相似文献
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铁锰络合物的稳定常数与有机络合剂的分子量的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
将各种植物或土壤的水溶性分解产物区分为分子量小于500,500—1000和大于1000的三组,测定了其中有机络合剂的浓度及与亚铁、锰的络合物的稳定常数。三组分别占络合剂总量的30%,36%和33%,其中茎秆较多的植物的分解产物中分子量大的组分所占的比例较大。分子量较大的络合剂的铁锰络合物的logk值可比分子量较小者大1—2个数量级。亚铁络合物的logk值较相应的锰络合物者为大。有机络合剂既带负电荷,也带正电荷。亚铁络合物有相当大的抗氧化作用稳定性。 相似文献
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Being divided into three groups-strong,moderate and weak-according to the different kinetic parameters (Fmax,km,Cmin) of potassium uptake by crops,21 cultivars of rice have been studied to find out the relationships between their potassium nutrition and the oxidation-reduction status in the rhizosphere soils. Results show that,with no application of K fertilizer,there were higher contents of active reducing substances and ferrous iron in rhizosphere soils planted with cultivars,such as Zhongguo 91,week in absorbing potassium than in soils cropped with cultivars,Shanyou 64,stronger in absorbing potassium.As a result of K application,however,these toxic substances were decreased appreciably in the soil,particularly in the root zone where weakly K-absorbing sultivars were growing,and the parameter of soil redox (pH pE) was increased,the most striking example of this being found in the rhizosphere soil where the more strongly K-absorbing sultivars were growing.On and close to the root surface in soils where rice plants were supplied with potassium fertilizer,rather more iron oxide had been accumulated compared with rice receiving no potash,and even greater amounts of red iron oxide precipitated on the rice root in neutral paddy soils.As shown by the concentration distribution of active reducing substances and ferrous iron in a microzone of the profile,the redox range of rice roots supplied with potassium may extend as far as several centimeters from the root surface.It can thus be seen that potassium nutrition exerts its effect first on the morphological properties of rice roots and their exudation of oxygen,then on the content of soluble oxygen and the count and species of oxygen-consuming microbes in the rhizosphere soil,and finally on the redox status of the soil. 相似文献
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DING Chang-Pu 《土壤圈》1995,5(2):171-178
A greater part of water-soluble organic substances,accounting for 60-70% of the total,could be adsorbed by soils,which included strongly and weekly reducing substances,positively and negatively charged substances and substances containing amido.There existed a tendency of decrease in adsorption of the negatively charged organic substances by the soil from South China to North China,with expression as Coulombian adsorption.A simulatneous reduction of iron and manganese appeared with clear voltammertric behaviours upon oxidation of water-soluble organic substances,Complexation of organic ligands with ferrous iron and manganous manganee was proved by differential pulse voltammetric method,with disappearance of oxidation peaks of ferrous iron and manganous manganese at 0.00 V and 0.35 V and occurrence of Fe^2 -complex and Mn^2 -complex at 0l75 V and 1.2V respectively,whose peak potentials shifted backward. 相似文献
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长江中游水稻土潜育作用的特点 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
PAN Shu-Zheng 《土壤圈》1996,6(2):111-119
The gleyization of representative paddy soils in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was characterized, taking oxidation-reduction potential(Eh), the amount of active reducing substances and the forms of iron and manganese as the parameters. The Eh value was linearly related with the logarithm of the amount of active reducing substances, which was contributed by ferrous iron by 83% on an average. The degree of gleyization of different horizons was graded as ungleyed, slightly gleyed, mildly gleyed and gleyed. The Eh of the four grades was > 500, 300-500, 100-300 and < 100 mV, respectively, and the corresponding amount of active reducing substances was < 1, 1-7, 7-30 and > 30 mmolc kg-1, respectively. The amount of ferrous iron of the four grades was < 0.5, 0.5-5, 5-25 and > 25 mmol kg-1, respectively. The extent of gleyization of a soil was classified as upper-gleyed, middle-gleyed and lower-gleyed, depending on whether the depth of the gley horizon was less than 30 cm, 30-60 cm or more than 60 cm. 相似文献
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以辽宁省各地棕壤型、草甸土型水稻土为研究对象,探讨了不同开垦年限的棕壤型、草甸土型水稻土中还原性物质总量、活性还原性物质、络合态铁、水溶性亚铁、水溶性亚锰含量及其分布状况。结果表明,不同开垦年限供试水稻土随着开垦年限增加表层还原性物质总量、活性还原性物质、络合态铁、水溶性亚铁和水溶性亚锰含量明显增加,且均随土壤深度增加而减少,其积累主要集中在土壤上层。土壤络合态铁与还原性物质总量和活性还原性物质均呈极显著正相关,表层土壤有机质对铁、锰的络合减少了铁、锰元素向剖面下层的迁移数量。开垦10年以上,水稻土耕层中还原性物质就明显积累,直至60年,其积累量仍不断增加,因此生产上必须采取措施抑制水稻土中还原性物质的累积。 相似文献
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Two variable charge soils were submerged after the addition of 30g/kg of organic matter to examine the differences in behavior between iron and manganese with respect to reduction and the distribution of different froms of the reduced elements.The reduction of manganese proceeded almost synchronously with the fall in redox potential,while the reduction of iron showed a remarkable lag behind the Eh change.Once formed,the distribution of water-soluble,exchangeable and precipitatied forms of ferrous iron was controlled by pH,CEC of the soil and total concentration of the element.For manganous ions,the proportions of water-soluble and exchangeable forms in total Mn^2 were larger than those for ferrous ions.The reduction of the two elements led to a mobilization of them,and such effect persisted even after drying of the soil,i.e.,the content of amorphous Fe became higher than that of the original soil. 相似文献
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水稻土的氧化还原过程及其与水稻生长的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水稻土的主要特点是在一年之中有季节性的淹水和落干,而各种水稻土的干湿程度和时间都有不同,因而影响土壤性质发生复杂的变化。在这些性质中,氧化还原状况是变化最剧烈而指示最明显的性质,并且直接或间接影响水稻的生长。为此,作者等从1954年起,开始了这方面的研究工作,下面是关于几个主要简题的筒单概括。 相似文献
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淹水还原条件下红壤中葡萄糖及腐殖酸对铁锰形态的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过设置不同的葡萄糖/腐殖酸配比模拟还原性土壤体系,考察长期(约74 d)淹水培养过程中铁锰元素在土壤溶液/矿物相中的分布形态演变。结果表明:在淹水培养初期,葡萄糖的添加可以促进铁锰离子的还原溶出,同时土壤中可交换态和酸可提取态铁、以及可交换态锰的含量也会随之增加;而腐殖酸的添加则会促进土壤中可氧化态铁/锰含量的升高。随着培养时间的增加,铁锰离子浓度及各个土壤提取形态的铁锰含量大多呈现降低趋势,铁锰元素逐渐转化成提取性更低的矿物形态。因此,淹水环境中铁锰还原溶出-分布形态演变受到土壤中有机物质种类和含量的显著影响,呈现出不同的金属移动性和生物有效性。 相似文献
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Yasuo Takijima 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):20-27
In the previous paper (1), it was assumed chat some inhibitory soil substances in submergel peaty soil, such as ferrous iron, sulfide, organic acids, and unknown minor organic substances like humus subordinaten might have contributed to root damage. This assumption is draven from the results of the soil leachate experiments. Two other subjects to be investigated for full understanding of the mechanistu of root damageare are: 相似文献