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复合微生物制剂的研制及对猪粪便中吲哚的降解作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了降低猪场恶臭物质对环境的影响,从实验室保存的菌种中筛选得到4株高效除臭微生物,并研究其对猪粪便中吲哚的降解作用。结果表明,单因素粪便发酵试验筛选得到的克雷伯氏菌、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和干酪乳杆菌对粪便中吲哚去除率分别为56.55%、59.12%、34.07%和53.03%(P0.05)。根据微生物之间协同关系的微生态理论,采用响应面试验设计优化微生物菌株组合模式,经响应面分析预测的各菌种最佳组合模式为克雷伯氏菌0.04%、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌0.11%、产朊假丝酵母0.59%和干酪乳杆菌0.01%,最佳组合模式下粪便吲哚去除率为62.13%。 相似文献
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随着饲料端全面禁抗,养殖端进入减抗、限抗时代,微生物饲料添加剂行业迎来了新的机遇。然而,如果在生产过程中控制不严,会造成产品的微生物污染,因此,需要对产品中的菌群结构进行分析,以保证产品质量。本文以4年采集的113个市售微生物饲料添加剂产品为研究对象,利用宏基因组测序、物种注释和统计学分析,研究微生物饲料添加剂产品的菌群结构和分布规律。结果表明：64.60%的微生物饲料添加剂样品存在非标识菌污染,主要表现在副地衣芽孢杆菌被误用为地衣芽孢杆菌、含有具有抑菌作用的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌;污染菌中非致病菌主要是贝莱斯芽孢芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、副地衣芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、卷曲乳杆菌;致病菌主要是肺炎克雷伯菌,检出比例为5.98%;其次是蜡样芽孢杆菌,检出比例为12.82%。综上,宏基因测序技术可有效监测微生物饲料添加剂产品的菌群结构,非靶向检测产品中的污染菌。目前,产品存在检测菌种与标识不符、标识菌含量偏低、部分产品存在杂菌甚至致病菌的问题。本研究使用的非靶向研究方法和统计学得到的高频污染菌信息对微生物饲料添加剂产品的质量控制和行业监管具有重要参考意义。 相似文献
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采用副干酪乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及酿酒酵母对无抗全价猪饲料进行复合微生物固体发酵,对不同发酵时间含菌数、pH值、营养成分、蛋白酶、有害菌等进行了测定。试验结果表明:随着发酵时间延长,发酵产物pH值逐渐降低,在发酵5~10 d发酵饲料含菌数达到最高,此后副干酪乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母含菌数均逐渐减少,而发酵饲料中粗蛋白和小肽有增加的趋势,粗纤维含量略有降低。发酵过程中未检测到淀粉酶和植酸酶,蛋白酶和纤维素酶有检出,同时饲料中有害微生物大肠杆菌随着发酵时间延长而减少。因此,可以用副干酪乳杆菌、酿酒酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌对无抗全价猪料进行三菌复合固体发酵,发酵效果以5~10 d最优。 相似文献
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几种商用益生芽孢杆菌特性的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为比较几种商用益生芽孢的菌株特性，为芽孢杆菌的选育提供理论基础，本试验收集整理了15种药用（Y1~Y6）和饲用益生芽孢杆菌（S7~S15）产品，对其芽孢杆菌进行分离鉴定，分别从产淀粉酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶等酶活特性，抗菌活性，耐酸和耐0.3%胆盐稳定性，抗生素敏感性，耗氧及生长速率测试等方面对芽孢杆菌特性进行了比较研究。结果显示，分离的15株芽孢杆菌均能产蛋白酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶，但不同菌株产酶能力差异较大，S9菌株表现出较高的产蛋白酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶活力；所有分离的芽孢杆菌均能对金黄色葡萄球菌及藤黄微球菌产生显著抑制活性，但只有7株芽孢杆菌（Y2、Y6、S7、S9、S10、S11、S12）可对大肠杆菌产生抑制作用，尤其是S9菌株综合抗菌能力最强。S9、Y2和S8的营养体细胞具有较高的耐酸能力，S9、Y2菌株在0.3%胆盐环境中存活率超过90%。15株芽孢杆菌中有3株饲用来源菌株（S10、S12、S13）表现出对红霉素的耐受，S10菌株对四环素耐受。此外，S9菌株具有较快的耗氧速率和生长速率。上述结果表明，S9菌株（解淀粉芽孢杆菌）的益生特性更为优良，本试验结果可为芽孢杆菌益生菌的选育及活性评价提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Kasimoğlu A 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2002,109(7):324-326
In this study, a total of 105 samples including 35 raw milk, 35 cows' milk cheese, and 35 ewes' milk cheese samples were obtained from Kirikkale city and investigated for the presence and contamination level of Brucella species. For this reason, milk and cheese samples were collected in aseptic conditions and brought to the laboratory under cold conditions. The method suggested from FARREL was used for the isolation and identification of Brucella spp. In addition, Most Probable Number Technique was used to determine the contamination level in Brucella spp. positive samples. According to analysis findings, B. melitensis was isolated from 5 (14.2%) of 35 ewes' milk cheese samples at the level of 3.6 x 10(1)-9.3 x 10(3) MPN/g. Brucella spp. were not detected in any of raw milk and cows' milk cheese samples. In conclusion this study reinforced the previous reports that ewes' milk cheese is an important source of Brucella spp. and they have been risk for public health. 相似文献
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生牛乳杀菌后残留少数芽孢具有极强耐受性,在一定条件下芽孢大量繁殖,使牛乳发生变质,严重影响产品品质和消费者健康。采集并选择含有芽孢杆菌的生牛乳样品,进行需氧芽孢杆菌和嗜热需氧芽孢杆菌的分离,通过形态学、生理生化和分子生物学方法对分离菌株进行鉴定,同时对分离到的嗜热需氧芽孢杆菌进行耐热性研究。结果表明：共分离出10?株芽孢杆菌,其中3?株为嗜热需氧芽孢杆菌,7?株为需氧芽孢杆菌,其中能耐受115?℃/15?min热处理的有凝结芽孢杆菌和克劳氏芽孢杆菌,121?℃/20?min热处理可以将生牛乳中芽孢杆菌全部杀灭,致死率达100%,芽孢数下降4?个数量级;生牛乳中芽孢杆菌的优势菌有枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、环状芽孢杆菌、明胶芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌和克劳氏芽孢杆菌;耐热性较强的有凝结芽孢杆菌和克劳氏芽孢杆菌,最高能耐受115?℃/15?min热处理。 相似文献
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Hirai A Nakama A Chiba T Kai A 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(2):175-180
Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever, and the main route of infection in humans is inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Although oral transmission by contaminated raw milk or dairy products is also a possible route of human infection, there have been few studies investigating the presence of C. burnetii in dairy products. We developed a new method of extracting DNA from cheese and detecting C. burnetii DNA in cheese samples with a nested PCR assay. The limit of detection was 6.0 × 10(2) C. burnetii particles per gram. We subsequently used this method to examine the presence of C. burnetii in cheese at commercial markets in Tokyo from June 2005 to December 2008. Twenty-eight of 147 cheese samples were found to be positive for C. burnetii DNA. However, when we assessed the viability of C. burnetii by inoculating mice with DNA-positive samples, all of the samples were found to be negative. Thus, the viability of C. burnetii appears to have been lost in these cheese samples. 相似文献
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Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various sites on farms with dairy sheep using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We investigated the genetic diversity of 179 Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from various sites in 10 farms producing cheeses manufactured with raw ewe's milk. Isolates were collected from handcrafted cheeses, bulk tank milk, milk from half-udders, skin abscesses on the udder if present, hands and anterior nares of farmers, and air of the milking area. The isolates were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of DNA SmaI digests and compared to other isolates of S. aureus isolated in different hosts or in different locations. The results showed that nine farms were contaminated by S. aureus isolates with identical banding patterns (named OV) or by genetically related isolates (named OV'). These dominant banding patterns were found in a variable proportion of the samples from each farm (range: 11-100%). Most of the strains isolated from nasal carriage or strains isolated from other regions or from other animal species had different PFGE patterns to OV or OV', except for three strains. These results show that a single clone of S. aureus is widely distributed both in infected mammary glands and in cheese produced from raw milk. This study confirms that infected mammary glands are the main source of the contamination of dairy products in sheep. 相似文献
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嗜冷菌能在原料乳冷藏条件下生长,其分泌蛋白酶和脂肪酶降解牛乳中的蛋白和脂肪,导致牛乳变质。本文归纳了原料乳中嗜冷菌的种类,总结嗜冷芽孢杆菌的危害研究进展,重点包括嗜冷菌常见种型、危害特点、分泌的蛋白酶和脂肪酶。最后探讨了嗜冷芽孢杆菌的研究方向。 相似文献
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[目的]本研究以羊乳为原料，结合奶酪工艺初步探讨了羊奶酪的主要技术参数。[方法]通过对羊奶的杀菌温度、发酵剂添加量、CaCl2添加量、凝乳酶添加量等因素进行正交试验，以产品质构、综合感官评价为指标，得到最佳用量配比。[结果]羊奶奶酪的最佳工艺为：杀菌条件75~78 ℃，15 s，发酵剂添加量为1.4 %，CaCl2的添加量为0.03%，凝乳酶添加量为0.01%，在传统奶酪制作工艺的基础上以此技术参数生产的羊奶奶酪口感、风味良好。[结论]本研究为完整羊奶奶酪技术的开发加工奠定了基础，为探寻适合中国羊乳原料及口味要求的羊奶奶酪工业化生产提供了技术依据。 相似文献
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Residue persistence in sheep milk following antibiotic therapy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Molina A Molina MP Althaus RL Gallego L 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2003,165(1):84-89
Drug residues in milk supplies may have public health implications and can interfere in the manufacture of dairy products, such as cheese. In Spain, most ewe milk production is destined for cheese making, often using raw milk. This study analyses the main factors influencing antibiotic depletion time in lactating dairy sheep. 42, Manchega ewes were distributed into three groups, each receiving a different treatment (cephalexin intramammary infusion, penicillin G intramuscular, and oxytetracycline intravenous injections). During and after the recommended withdrawal period, milk samples were taken at each milking. A microbiological inhibition test (Brilliant Black Reduction, BRT) was used to screen all samples and antibiotic withholding times were established using a logistic regression model. The response to the BRT method in milk from individual ewes treated showed that the effect of the milking order was significant (P<0.001) with the three antibiotics. However the only influence on milk yield was with the intramammary treatment (P<0.005). The BRT method was found to be very sensitive, particularly to the two beta-lactamic antibiotics. 相似文献
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为提高羊奶干酪的出品率和感官品质,以关中奶山羊奶为原料,研究了原料乳浓度、凝乳酶、杀菌条件、酸化条件和氯化钙对羊奶干酪出品率和感官品质的影响。结果表明,原料乳浓度较高,凝乳酶选用羔羊凝乳酶,杀菌条件63℃,30min,酸化pH6.4,氯化钙添加量0.01%-0.02%时干酪出品率较高、感官品质较好。 相似文献
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J R Husu 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1990,37(4):276-282
Seasonal variation in the fecal shedding of Listeria spp. in dairy cattle was examined by collecting a total of 3,878 fecal samples during a period of two years. The prevalences of Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes were higher during the indoor season (12.7% and 9.2%, respectively) than in samples collected from the animals on pasture (5.3% and 3.1%, respectively). The highest frequencies of Listeria spp. (19.4%) and L. monocytogenes (16.1%) were detected in December. Listeriae were isolated from at least one of the dairy cows from 45.8% of the 249 herds examined. 2.9% of the 314 milk samples collected from the farm bulk tanks on 80 dairy farms on four different occasions yielded L. monocytogenes. The seasonal occurrence of these bacteria in milk reflected the frequencies of Listeria in the fecal material but not those in the main roughage used; grass silage and pasture grass. Fecal material is considered to be a potential source of contamination of raw milk by L. monocytogenes. Investigation of the numbers of viable Listeria organisms in different animal fodders is considered essential in further epidemiological studies of these bacteria. 相似文献
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目的 对13 家婴幼儿配方羊乳粉企业的生产过程和原辅料中高氯酸盐的污染水平进行测定,并就检测结果进行评估。方法 使用过程分析法对不同生产工艺的婴幼儿配方羊乳粉（简称“婴配羊乳粉”）各个环节生产过程及原辅料进行检测分析,确定婴配羊乳粉中高氯酸盐的主要来源及其贡献率。结果 共检测过程样本104 份及原辅料样本81 份,确定婴配羊乳粉的三种生产工艺均不会产生高氯酸盐,婴配羊乳粉中高氯酸盐的主要来源为原料奶的带入,辅料中高氯酸盐对婴配羊乳粉的贡献率低于26％,辅料中高氯酸盐的高风险因素为含乳原料。结论 婴配羊乳粉三种生产工艺对高氯酸盐的产生没有影响,原料奶是婴配羊乳粉中高氯酸盐的主要来源,辅料中高氯酸盐会带入婴配羊乳粉中,其中含乳原料贡献率大,风险较高。 相似文献