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1.
Canine thyroglobulin (cTg) has been isolated and purified. It has similar electrophoretic patterns as Tg from other mammalian species. The main fraction had a MW of 660,000, whereas also fractions of a MW of approximately 1,300,000 (dimer) and 330,000 (subunit) were present. The iodine content was 0.8 to 1.0 % (w/w). cTg did not cross-react with antibodies against human Tg to a degree that would allow the use of a radioimmunoassay for human Tg for the determination of cTg in serum or plasma. Therefore a polyclonal antiserum was raised against cTg and a homologous radioimmunoassay was developed, which was sensitive (0.4 μg/l) and specific (cross-reactivity in cTg assay of human Tg, goat Tg, T4, T3, and DIT < 0.01 %).

Plasma Tg levels in normal dogs of both sexes and aged 3–15 years amounted to 192 ± 73 μg/l (mean ± SD, n=30). There was no relation between plasma Tg and T4 levels.  相似文献   


2.
The monodeiodination of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) was studied in vitro using liver, kidney, and muscle obtained from two-year old Angus and Hereford steers. Tissues were homogenized in .1 M phosphate buffer-.25 M sucrose - 5 mM EDTA, pH 7.5, and centrifuged at 2000 × g for 30 min. Supernatants were incubated with T4 (1.3 μM) at 37 C and T3 generated was measured by radioimmunoassay of an ethanol extract of the incubation mixture. The T4 to T3 conversion in Angus liver homogenate was dependent upon pH, temperature, duration of incubation (5–120 min), homogenate (.025–.20 g-eq tissue/ml), and substrate concentration (.32–6.43 μM T4). The apparent Km and Vmax of the conversion were .64 μM T4 and 1.87 ng T3 generated/hr/mg protein, respectively. Mean T4 to T3 conversion in Angus liver and kidney was 1.37 and .22 ng T3/hr/mg protein. The presence of 2 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), a sulfhydryl protective agent, significantly increased T3 generation in liver and kidney (5.12 and 4.58 ng/hr/mg protein) and also revealed activity in muscle (05 ng/hr/mg protein). In liver and kidney from Hereford steers conversion activity was 2.89 and .48 in absence and 10.91 and 5.38 ng T3/hr/mg protein in presence of DTT, respectively. These results demonstrate the presence of a very active enzymatic system responsible for the peripheral 5′-monodeiodination of T4 to T3 in cattle.  相似文献   

3.
以紫花苜蓿幼苗为材料,采用聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）为渗透调节物质模拟干旱胁迫,通过外源喷施NO释放剂硝普钠（SNP）和清除剂（cPTIO）,用液相色谱/质谱联用（LC/MS）法分析研究PEG胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗叶片和根系中4种内源激素脱落酸（ABA）、生长素（IAA）、水杨酸（SA）和赤霉素（GA3）对NO的响应。结果表明：1）PEG胁迫下施加外源NO能促进紫花苜蓿叶片和根中NO含量的增加,其清除剂明显降低了紫花苜蓿叶片中NO含量;2）随着处理时间的延长,叶片和根中的ABA和SA含量逐渐增加,而根系中ABA和SA含量的增加较叶片晚。在胁迫第8天,叶中外源NO处理的ABA含量比SA含量高6.68倍,而喷施NO清除剂的ABA含量比SA含量高77.22%,并且叶中外源NO处理的ABA含量明显高于根中;3）NO会在短期内诱导叶片和根系中IAA和GA3含量增加,在胁迫的第4天,叶片中外源NO处理的IAA含量高于其清除剂1.65倍,而根中喷施NO清除剂的IAA含量比NO处理高8.70%;叶片和根中NO处理的GA3含量在第2天达到最大值后降低,比喷施NO清除剂的GA3含量分别高54.49%和84.65%。综上所述,NO可通过诱导紫花苜蓿IAA、ABA、GA3和SA四种激素的代谢水平及根中的相互转化调控植物的生长与抗逆性,尤其是ABA和SA在紫花苜蓿中的调节。  相似文献   

4.
本试验旨在研究鲜饲金荞麦对热应激条件下的长顺绿壳蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清指标的影响。采用完全随机试验设计,将300只鸡分为5个处理组:C组(基础饲粮)、T1组(基础饲粮+5%金荞麦)、T2组(基础饲粮+10%金荞麦)、T3组(基础饲粮+15%金荞麦)和T4组(基础饲粮+20%金荞麦),每个处理5个重复,每个重复12只鸡。将所有用于试验的鸡只暴露于(31.4±1.5) ℃的高温环境下发生自然热应激。记录和统计每月平均采食量、蛋重和产蛋数,并测定试验末各处理鸡蛋的表观品质、全蛋氨基酸和蛋黄脂肪酸含量,以及蛋鸡的血清激素水平、炎症因子和内毒素浓度。结果表明,T1组在试验第2个月的产蛋率显著高于其余处理组(P<0.05),C、T1和T2的产蛋率在第3个月和全期差异不显著(P>0.05);C和T1的蛋黄颜色等级显著低于其余处理组(P<0.05);T3组全蛋中的异亮氨酸含量最高,T3和T4组的蛋氨酸含量较高(P<0.05),而C组的多不饱和脂肪酸显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05);C组蛋鸡的肾上腺皮质激素和皮质酮浓度显著高于试验组(P<0.05),相反,C组的皮质酮和黄体生成素显著低于试验组(P<0.05),试验组白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子α和血清内毒素均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。因此,饲粮中添加10%的鲜饲金荞麦对热应激条件下长顺绿壳蛋鸡的平均产蛋率无负面影响,加深了蛋黄颜色;改善了全蛋氨基酸组成和含量,但对蛋黄脂肪酸组成有负面影响;提高了血清促卵泡素和黄体生成素含量;降低了血清炎症因子和内毒素水平。  相似文献   

5.
The aim of this study was investigate the effect of growing associated with different gender on circulating total and free iodothyronine concentrations during the first 13 mo of age in foals. In addition, we investigated the evolution of circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones during the first 3 d of weaning. Blood was collected from 13 clinically healthy Thoroughbred foals every month. All foals were weaned at the 4 mo and blood samples were taken also at 24, 48 and 72 h after weaning. The results obtained showed growing effects for tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) values (P < .001).

Serum T3 concentrations averaged respectively 2.89 and 0.29 nmol/L at 7 and 9 mo. Serum T4 concentrations averaged respectively 100.17 and 21.77 nmol/L at 1 and at 10 mo. Serum fT3 concentrations averaged respectively 6.96 and 1.50 pmol/L at 1 and 4 mo. Serum fT4 concentrations averaged respectively 31.40 and 4.93 pmol/L at 1 and 9 mo. Significant correlations between T3, T4, fT3 and fT4 with body weight (BW) and between T3, T4 and fT4 with age were observed.

Weaning effects (P < .001) were shown for T3 and fT4 levels. No differences (P > .05) in T4 and fT3 levels were observed over the 3-day period. Gender effects (P < .001) were shown for T3, T4, fT3, and fT4 levels. Significant correlations between T4 and fT4 with BW and age were observed in colts and fillies. T3 concentrations were correlated with age only in colts and fT3 with BW only in colts. The results obtained seem to lend support to the recognized effects of growing and weaning in modulating the thyroid function of Thoroughbred foals. In fact, significant and differentiated effects of growing and weaning on total and free iodothyronine levels have been demonstrated.  相似文献   


6.
荒漠灌区苜蓿后茬轮作不同作物对土壤细菌群落的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为阐明荒漠灌区苜蓿（Medicago sativa）后茬轮作不同作物对土壤细菌群落的影响,本研究以6年生苜蓿地为对照（CK）,以5年生苜蓿地翻耕灭茬分别种植1年小麦（Triticum aestivum）（T1）、油菜（Brassica chinensis）（T2）、葵花（Helianthus annuus）（T3）、玉米（Zea mays）（T4）为处理,采用高通量测序技术,分析不同处理下土壤细菌群落的变化特征。结果表明,T1,T2微生物量碳含量显著大于CK,T4微生物量氮含量显著高于CK（P<0.05）;T3,T4土壤呼吸显著大于CK（P<0.05）;T1,T2,T3,T4脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶活性分别是CK的1.44,1.13,1.36,1.54倍,1.53,7.78,4.25,7.28倍,1.09,1.28,1.14,1.06倍,1.11,1.38,1.14,1.74倍;与CK相比,轮茬后变形菌门、放线菌门、芽单胞菌门相对丰富呈降低、而酸杆菌门相对丰富呈增加趋势,这4个菌门为不同处理的优势菌门,占所有菌门的82.67%;T1,T2土壤细菌群落丰富度指数（Chao1和ACE）均显著高于CK（P<0.05）。综上,荒漠灌区轮茬较苜蓿连作更有助于提高土壤酶活性,稳定细菌群落结构,提高土地生产力。  相似文献   

7.
To design chimeric DNA vaccine targeted to antigen-presenting cells with enhanced efficacy to induce immunization.The plasmid containing the gene encoding the extracelluar domain of canine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4(CTLA-4125),was directly fused to the gene fragment for major antigenic epitopes of VP2(VP2228) by molecular engineering technology.The plasmid containing VP2228 alone was also constructed to serve as control and transfection of COS-7 cells with the two resultant plasimds was performed respectively,followed by assay of Western blotting.The mice were immunized with the constructed two plasimds,respectively.After immunization,the antibodies anginst CPV in the immunized mice at different times were measured by HI.The spleen lymphocyte proliferation response was determined by lymphocyte proliferation assay,and the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression level of the mouse lymphocytes were measured by ELISA.The eukaryotic expression plasimds of CTLA-4125-VP2228 fusion protein or VP2228 alone were cloned.Western blotting showed that the two recombinant proteins could be expressed.Immunization results showed that the antibody levels in serum of CTLA-4125-VP2228-immunized mice were significantly higher than that of VP2228-immunized mice (P<0.05).The lymphocyte stimulation indexes and secreted IFN-γ levels of the CTLA-4125-VP2228-immunized mice were significantly higher than that of VP2228-immunized mice (P<0.05 and P<0.01),respectively.CTLA-4125-VP2228 chimeric DNA vaccine stimulates strong immune response in mice,making it possible for further exploration into chimeric DNA that target the antigen to APCs.  相似文献   

8.
旨在探究生薯条加工副产品-稻草混贮（以下简称“薯稻混贮”）与全株玉米青贮间的组合效应。“薯稻混贮”是按照1∶2混合（混贮后的干物质含量为35%）、添加青贮添加剂、用搅拌机混匀、打捆裹包机裹包、发酵60 d制成。根据“薯稻混贮”与全株玉米青贮的不同比例分为7个组合，分别为T0组（0∶100）、T20组（20∶80）、T40组（40∶60）、T50组（50∶50）、T60组（60∶40）、T80组（80∶20）、T100组（100∶0），每个组合3个重复。通过体外产气法，测定各组合发酵48 h干物质降解率（DMD）、pH、氨态氮（NH3-N）浓度、微生物蛋白（MCP）产量以及挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）浓度等指标，测定各组合在发酵2、4、6、8、10、12、24、36和48 h的产气量（GP）。并计算每个单项组合效应指数（SFAEI）及综合效应指数（MFAEI）。结果表明：1）GP和DMD随“薯稻混贮”比例增加显著或极显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。SFAEI中T50和T80组的GP和DMD最低，GP和DMD最高值均出现在T20组。2）不同组合发酵后的pH值为6.46~6.59，其中T80组pH最高，显著或极显著高于除T100组外的其他组别（P<0.05或P<0.01），SFAEI在T80组最高。3）各组合间NH3-N浓度、MCP产量无显著差异（P>0.05），但均以T40组最高，而SFAEI分别以T40和T80组最高。4）乙酸、丙酸、戊酸和TVFA浓度均以T0组最高，T100组最低，且两组间差异极显著（P<0.01）；丁酸也以T0组浓度最高，但以T80组浓度最低。SFAEI指标中，乙、丙、丁酸分别以T80、T20和T60组最高。通过MFAEI指数评定得出，两种饲料组合均产生正组合效应，其中T40组（40∶60）最优，其次是T50组（50∶50）。  相似文献   

9.
施肥是苜蓿生产的重要管理措施之一,但苜蓿刈割后的追肥效应以及最佳追肥管理方案尚不明确。本研究旨在探讨追肥时间和不同氮、磷追施配比对苜蓿刈割后再生长的影响。以建植当年陇东苜蓿为试验材料,设置两个追肥时间（刈割当日和刈割后7 d,分别表示为T0和T1）、3个氮肥水平（0、25和50 kg·hm-2 N,分别表示为N0、N25和N50）和3个磷肥水平（0、30、60 kg·hm-2 P2O5,分别表示为P0、P30和P60）,并设3个重复,共54个小区。研究发现：1）建植当年苜蓿刈割后追肥促进了后茬苜蓿的生长,其中刈割后立即施用少量磷肥（T0N0P30）处理下株高最高,比对照（T0N0P0）增加了20.53%。刈割后追肥提高了苜蓿的叶茎比,在T1时进行高氮低磷配施（N50P0和N50P30）中最为明显。2）第2茬苜蓿产量在不同处理间差异显著（P<0.05）,其中刈割后立即高磷高氮追施（T0N50P60）下干物质和粗蛋白产量最高,分别为3.58和0.94 t·hm-2,与T1处理下的结果有显著差异。刈割后追肥对苜蓿酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量和相对饲用价值均无显著影响（P>0.05）。3）氮磷肥配比追施对单位体积土壤中后茬苜蓿的根长、根表面积、根体积和根生物量影响显著（P<0.05）。最大根长密度（2.66 mm·cm-3）和根表面积密度（7.75 mm2·cm-3）出现在无肥（N0P0）、T0N25P30处理中,根体积密度在T1N25P30条件下最大。不同处理的根系生物量差异较大,但均高于不施肥处理（N0P0）。综上所述,在陇东黄土高原雨养农区,刈割后追施氮、磷肥促进了建植当年苜蓿的再生。在当地的生产实践中,建议在苜蓿刈割后立即追施少量磷肥（30 kg·hm-2 P2O5）或每公顷配合追施50 kg N和60 kg P2O5。  相似文献   

10.
研究旨在构建特异性靶向犬细小病毒（canine parvovirus,CPV）融合DNA疫苗,探讨其诱导机体产生免疫应答的效果。试验用重组技术构建了含细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原-4胞外区（CTLA-4125）与犬细小病毒VP2的主要抗原表位区域（VP2228）融合表达质粒pVAX1-CTLA-4125-VP2228,同时构建了不含CTLA-4125的pVAX1-VP2228,体外转染COS-7细胞,Western blotting检测其表达产物;将pVAX1-CTLA-4125-VP2228、pVAX1-VP2228分别免疫小鼠,免疫后进行抗体水平测定和抗体亚型分析;通过淋巴细胞增殖试验和ELISA分别检测淋巴细胞刺激指数和γ-干扰素表达水平。结果显示成功构建了pVAX1-CTLA-4125-VP2228和pVAX1-VP2228,并能在COS-7细胞中正确表达;抗体检测结果显示pVAX1-CTLA-4125-VP2228免疫组抗体水平显著高于pVAX1-VP2228免疫组（P<0.05）;淋巴细胞增殖试验显示pVAX1-CTLA-4125-VP2228免疫组的刺激指数显著高于pVAX1-VP2228免疫组（P<0.05）;γ-干扰素表达水平测定显示pVAX1-CTLA-4125-VP2228免疫组极显著高于pVAX1-VP2228免疫组（P<0.01）。结果表明,CTLA-4125-VP2228融合DNA能有效增强动物对VP2228抗原的免疫应答,为进一步研究融合DNA疫苗特异性的靶向递呈机制奠定基础。  相似文献   

11.
Thyroid status is compromised in a variety of acute and chronic infections. Conversion of thyroxine (T4) into the metabolically active hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), is catalyzed by 5′-deiodinase (5′D) mainly in extrathyroidal tissues. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of protozoan parasitic infection (Sarcocystis cruzi) on hepatic 5′D (type I) activity and plasma concentrations of T3 and T4 in placebo- or bovine GH (bGH)-injected calves. Holstein bull calves (127.5±2.0 kg BW) were assigned to control (C, ad libitum fed), infected (I, 250,000 S. cruzi sporocysts per os, ad libitum fed), and pair-fed (PF, non-infected, fed to intake of I treatment) groups placebo-injected, and three similar groups injected daily with pituitary-derived bGH (USDA-B-1, 0.1 mg/kg, i.m.) designated as CGH, IGH and PFGH. GH injections were initiated on day 20 post-infection (PI), 3–4 days prior to the onset of clinical signs of the acute phase response (APR), and were continued to day 56 PI at which time calves were euthanized for liver collection. Blood samples were collected on day 0, 28, and 55 PI. Alterations in nutritional intake did not affect type I 5′D in liver. Treatment with bGH increased (P<0.05) 5′D activity in C (24.6%) and PF (25.5%) but not in I calves. Compared to PF calves, infection with S. cruzi reduced 5′D activity 25% (P<0.05) and 47.8% (P<0.01) in placebo- and bGH-injected calves, respectively. Neither nutrition nor bGH treatment significantly affected plasma concentrations of T4 and T3 on day 28 and 55 PI. However, plasma thyroid hormones were reduced by infection. On day 28 PI, the average plasma concentrations of T3 and T4 were reduced in infected calves (I and IGH) 36.4% (P<0.01) and 29.4% (P<0.05), respectively, compared to pair-fed calves (PF and PFGH). On day 55 PI, plasma T3 still remained lower (23.7%, P<0.01 versus PF) in infected calves while plasma T4 returned to control values. The data suggest that parasitic infection in growing calves inhibits both thyroidal secretion and extrathyroidal T4 to T3 conversion during the APR. After recovery from the APR, thyroidal secretion returns to normal but basal and bGH-stimulated generation of T3 in liver remains impaired.  相似文献   

12.
在黄土高原旱作农业区,地膜覆盖的广泛应用有效地解决了水分不足对冬小麦生产的制约,并使单位面积产量大幅度提高。如何调优品质已经成为该区域冬小麦生产中亟待解决的首要问题。本研究以不施任何肥料(T0)为对照,选择常规化肥(T1)、等量化肥+地膜覆盖(T2)、等量化肥+有机肥(T3)、高量化肥+地膜覆盖(T4)、高量化肥+有机肥(T5)5种不同的施肥(有机+无机)和覆盖模式,采用随机区组设计,研究不同“施肥+地膜覆盖”模式对旱地冬小麦籽粒加工品质、产量及其构成要素的影响,并分析产量与品质之间的相关性。结果表明,“施肥+地膜覆盖”组合显著影响小麦籽粒的加工品质和产量。比较对照T0,不同“施肥+地膜覆盖”模式(T1~T5)显著提高籽粒产量(GY)、蛋白质(PC)、湿面筋含量(WA)和沉降值(SDS),增加面团吸水率(WG)、延伸性(EX)和淀粉糊化粘度,相反降低了面团稳定时间(ST)和拉伸阻力(RE)。两年平均产量依次为T3>T5>T4>T2>T1 >T0,T1、T2、T3、T4、T5比T0分别增加85.60%、90.99%、118.32%、102.30%和106.65%。增施有机肥(T3、T5)对籽粒产量和加工品质的改善优于地膜覆盖(T2、T4)。籽粒产量的提高是叶面积(LA)、千粒重(TGW)、穗长(SL)、穗粒数(SGN)协同增加的结果,加工品质的改变部分归因于蛋白质含量的变化。生育期降水量和分布影响谷物产量和品质。本研究结果证实,等量化肥+有机肥(T3)不仅能达到地膜覆盖的增产效果,而且有利于小麦加工品质的改善,在降水量500 mm左右的黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区是更加持续、稳产、优质的冬小麦栽培模式。  相似文献   

13.
The purpose of the present study was to determine experimental conditions to stimulate secretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) injections in suckling piglets during the first weeks of postnatal life. Three consecutive experiments were conducted. Four 10–20 d old piglets were i.m. injected with 0, 20, 100, 500 μg (experiment 1) or 0, 4, 20, 100 μg TRH/kg BW (experiment 2) according to a 4 × 4 latin square design involving different litters in each experiment. Blood samples were taken −15, −1, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 180 and 300 min after TRH injection in experiment 1, and −.25, −.08, .25, .5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hr after TRH injection in experiment 2. T3 and T4 levels were significantly (P<.01) increased as soon as 30 and 45 min after TRH injection, respectively. Maximal levels of T3 and T4 were obtained 2 and 4 hr after the injection of 100 μg TRH. T3 and T4 returned to basal levels within 6 and 8 hr post injection, respectively. Plasma pGH levels were significantly (P<.001) increased 15 min after TRH injection in piglets injected with 500 μg. In experiment 3, 100 μg TRH/kg BW were injected i.m. either daily or every other day from .0 to 23 days of age. Results showed that T4 response to TRH did not decrease after repeated injections. These results indicate that daily i.m. injections of 100 μg TRH/kg BW can be used to increase thyroid hormone levels for at least 13 d in the young suckling piglet.  相似文献   

14.
本研究旨在探究接种复合乳酸菌对番茄皮渣与苜蓿混合青贮品质的影响,通过分析营养品质、发酵品质及瘤胃降解率,明确最优发酵条件,为提高资源利用率,拓宽本地区饲草料资源提供理论基础。试验采用真空袋法调制混合青贮,设计10个处理,其中5个处理不接种复合乳酸菌,混合比例(质量比)为：番茄皮渣∶苜蓿=3∶7(T1),4∶6(T2),5∶5(T3),6∶4(T4),7∶3(T5);另外5个处理在各混合青贮比例基础上均匀加入复合乳酸菌(布氏乳杆菌+植物乳杆菌,比例为1∶1,1×106CFU·g-1),即分别为JT1、JT2、JT3、JT4、JT5。发酵60 d后开袋进行感官评定,分析营养品质、发酵品质、瘤胃降解率,采用隶属函数分析法评价最优处理。结果表明：接种复合乳酸菌可改善番茄皮渣与苜蓿混合青贮的气味及质地,T1、JT<...  相似文献   

15.
Tri-iodothyronine (T3) has been administered in the diet, from day of hatch until 8 weeks of age, to sex-linked dwarf and normal chicks of both sexes from a brown-egg slow-growing strain. Feed was supplemented with either 0.1 ppm or 0.5 ppm T3. A significant genotype by treatment interaction was observed on body weight: the effect of T3 in males was significantly positive for dwarfs and null for normals, the effect in females was null for dwarfs and significantly negative for normals. Feed efficiency was rather decreased by the treatment in both genotypes. Abdominal fatness was decreased in a dose-dependent manner in both genotypes, while rectal temperature was raised in dwarf chicks only. Plasma T3 was raised to normal levels in dwarfs receiving 0.1 ppm exogenous T3, while the 0.5 ppm dose yielded hyperthyroid levels. Plasma GH levels were decreased in a dose-dependent manner by the T3 treatment, the effect being larger in dwarfs. Surprisingly, plasma IGF-I was unchanged in spite of the GH decrease, whatever the genotype or the sex. It was concluded that exogenous T3 alone can have a stimulatory effect on growth in dwarfs but can not fully restore a normal growth rate. Both T3 and IGF-I are important for a normal growth and the relationships between T3 and IGF-I production should be further investigated in order to better understand the physiological modifications due to the sex-linked dwarf gene.  相似文献   

16.
为阐明江淮地区不同轮茬作物对苜蓿产量及根际土壤质量的影响,以苜蓿生长4年翻耕灭茬重新种植1年为对照(CK),研究了不同轮茬处理(3年苜蓿-玉米-苜蓿记作T 1,3年苜蓿-高粱-苜蓿记作T 2),利用传统法测定苜蓿产量及不同土层土壤理化性质,使用试剂盒测定根际土壤酶活性,通过高通量测序法对根际土壤细菌群落多样性进行了分析。结果表明:轮茬玉米(T 1)及轮茬高粱(T 2)后苜蓿产量分别是苜蓿连种(CK)的1.27和1.13倍;轮茬高粱使土壤pH、有机质含量显著增加(P<0.05),轮茬玉米土壤总氮含量显著增加(P<0.05),轮茬玉米及轮茬高粱显著提高了土壤速效钾含量(P<0.05);不同轮茬均能减轻土壤容重,且轮茬高粱更为显著;与苜蓿连种相比,轮茬玉米与轮茬高粱土壤过氧化氢酶及土壤脲酶活性均显著高于苜蓿连种土壤(P<0.05);借助高通量测序法对根际土壤细菌群落结构多样性分析表明,各处理土壤前3位高丰度表达优势细菌门均为变形菌、拟杆菌和厚壁菌;轮茬玉米与轮茬高粱处理根际土壤细菌种群数量显著高于CK,OTU数量分别是苜蓿连种土壤的1.25和1.39倍,且轮茬高粱处理的土壤细菌Shannon、Chao、Sobs多样性指数显著高于苜蓿连作土壤(P<0.05);而在细菌相对丰度上,苜蓿连作土壤中变形菌及厚壁菌相对丰度显著高于轮茬处理(P<0.05),而轮茬土壤中绿湾菌及浮霉菌要显著高于连作土壤(P<0.05)。综上表明,江淮地区轮茬较苜蓿连作更有助于提高土壤肥力及土壤酶活性,稳定细菌群落结构,改良土壤,提高土地生产力进而提高产量。  相似文献   

17.
Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), insulin (IN), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) in addition to metabolic parameters [N balance (NB), urinary 3-methylhistidine (TMH), urinary creatinine (CR), and urinary hydroxyproline (HP)] were measured in 4-mo-old Holstein steers divided equally among groups infected with Sarcocystis (I), noninfected ad libitum fed (C), and noninfected pair fed to I (PF) (7 steers per treatment). Effects of infection on these parameters beyond those attributable to altered dietary intake were determined using orthogonal contrasts (effect of intake, C vs I + PF; effect of infection, PF vs I). NB was higher in C than I and PF (P<.05) and lower in I than PF (P<.02). Hydroxyproline and CR were influenced by intake (P<.05) and HP excretion was reduced in association with infection (P<.05). Reduced intake was associated with lowered mean basal plasma concentrations of GH, IN, T3 and T4 (P<.05). Infection further reduced (P<.001) plasma T3 concentration.

Triiodothyronine and T4 responses following an intravenous bolus of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were measured. The magnitude of the responses in I and PF were lower than those observed in C (P<.05). Plasma T3 responses were further reduced in association with infection (P<.05). Insulin responses to intravenous arginine infusion (ARG) were also low in association with reduced intake. Growth hormone responses to TRH or ARG were affected by the level of feed intake only. These data suggest that hormonal perturbations associated with the insult of infection further compromise metabolism and the direction of nutrient partitioning that would ordinarily be associated with developmental growth in young steers beyond those responses anticipated from solely the reduction of feed intake.  相似文献   


18.
Eighteen growing Awassi lambs were used in this study to determine the effect of supplementing two levels of yeast and methionine (cyc-methionine) on the trace elements bioavailability, growth rate, and general performance. The lambs were divided to three groups. The dietary treatments were the control diet (C), control diet plus 2 g cyc-methionine/lamb/day (T1) and control diet plus 4 g cyc-methionine/lamb/day (T2).

Lambs fed 2 g/day of cyc-methionine (T1) showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) copper, zinc, and cobalt concentrations in liver and meat tissues, but not the same trend in kidney. No significant (P > 0.05) effect of time and time × treatment interaction on copper, zinc, cobalt, and manganese concentrations in blood serum, but cobalt and manganese concentration showed significant (P < 0.05) change by time. Moreover, a significantly (P < 0.05) higher total body gain, average daily gain, dressing percentage, and lower feed conversion were detected in lambs from T1 compared with the control and T2 groups.

Feeding 2 g of cyc-methionine to growing lambs increased the net profit by $6.017/lamb and only $3.52/lamb fed 4 g cyc-methionine/day when compared with the control group.

In conclusion, feeding growing Awassi lambs yeast and methionine in a form of cyc-methionine, with a low level of 2 g/day, improve the bioavailability of copper, zinc, and cobalt by growing lambs and their growth performance.  相似文献   


19.
The rate of cellular proliferation in the mammary glands of pigs during late gestation and lactation was assessed by measuring the incorporation of 3H-thymidine (T1) into the DNA of mammary gland explants in vitro. The T1 showed a linear response over the first 9 hr in vitro, and was not affected by the addition of 500 ng insulin/ml medium. From day 100 to parturition the T1 rose, reached a peak at 2 d after parturition and declined during lactation to the lowest levels seen at day 21 of lactation.

The inclusion of 0–1000 ng relaxin/ml medium on T1 at 24–72 hr in vitro had no effect in stimulating T1 in mammary tissue explants taken from either pregnant or lactating pigs.  相似文献   


20.
Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), somatomedin (SmC), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were determined from birth to post weaning in pigs (Yorkshires). Plasma samples were obtained from the smallest, median and largest piglet from 11 litters. No differences in the circulating concentrations of any of the hormones were observed between piglets of different sizes. However, there were changes in circulating concentrations of hormones during postnatal development. Plasma concentrations of GH decreased between 2 and 8 to 10 days of age. A progressive increase in the circulating concentrations of SmC was observed with concentrations rising (3.83-fold between 2 days and 40 days of age). Plasma concentrations of T4 and T3 were maximal at 23 and 16 days of age, respectively.  相似文献   

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