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1.
Deep-seated gas emission induced by the Earth tide: a basic observation for geochemical earthquake prediction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sugisaki R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,212(4500):1264-1266
Variations of the helium/argon ratio of gas bubbles in a mineral spring along a fault zone coincide with fluctuations of areal dilation induced by the earth tide. This observation suggests that deep-seated gases characterized by higher heliumlargon ratios are squeezed out by stress preceding an earthquake. 相似文献
2.
Estimation of fault strength: reconstruction of stress before the 1995 Kobe earthquake 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We have estimated the stress field before the 1995 Kobe, Japan, earthquake (moment magnitude 6.9) using in situ post-shock stress measurements obtained from hydraulic fracturing experiments near the fault. We reconstructed the pre-shock stress field using a kinematic source model inverted from seismic waveforms and geodetic deformations. We found that at the center of the fault, two sides of the fault surface coupled completely before the earthquake, with a coefficient of friction of 0.6, which is equivalent to strong crust. At the edge of the fault, a possible aseismic slip is expected to occur from the pre-shock stress orientation. 相似文献
3.
Catastrophic volcanic collapse, without precursory magmatic activity, is characteristic of many volcanic disasters. The extent and locations of hydrothermal discharges at Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia, suggest that at many volcanoes collapse may result from the interactions between hydrothermal fluids and the volcanic edifice. Rock dissolution and hydrothermal mineral alteration, combined with physical triggers such as earth-quakes, can produce volcanic collapse. Hot spring water compositions, residence times, and flow paths through faults were used to model potential collapse at Ruiz. Caldera dimensions, deposits, and alteration mineral volumes are consistent with parameters observed at other volcanoes. 相似文献
4.
Clark BR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,211(4477):51-53
An unusual stress transient was recorded 15 kilometers from the epicenter of the Lytle Creek earthquake in southern California. It was observed at the recording site as an increased shear stress parallel to the fault surface and with the proper sense of shear to have triggered the earthquake. The anomaly began 2 to 4 weeks before the earthquake and lasted for 3 months. 相似文献
5.
Hill DP Reasenberg PA Michael A Arabaz WJ Beroza G Brumbaugh D Brune JN Castro R Davis S Depolo D Ellsworth WL Gomberg J Harmsen S House L Jackson SM Johnston MJ Jones L Keller R Malone S Munguia L Nava S Pechmann JC Sanford A Simpson RW Smith RB Stark M Stickney M Vidal A Walter S Wong V Zollweg J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1993,260(5114):1617-1623
The magnitude 7.3 Landers earthquake of 28 June 1992 triggered a remarkably sudden and widespread increase in earthquake activity across much of the western United States. The triggered earthquakes, which occurred at distances up to 1250 kilometers (17 source dimensions) from the Landers mainshock, were confined to areas of persistent seismicity and strike-slip to normal faulting. Many of the triggered areas also are sites of geothermal and recent volcanic activity. Static stress changes calculated for elastic models of the earthquake appear to be too small to have caused the triggering. The most promising explanations involve nonlinear interactions between large dynamic strains accompanying seismic waves from the mainshock and crustal fluids (perhaps including crustal magma). 相似文献
6.
Chloride (Cl(-)) and sulfate (SO(4)(2-)) ion concentrations of ground water issuing from two wells located near the epicenter of the Kobe earthquake in Japan fluctuated before the disastrous magnitude 7.2 event on 17 January 1995. The samples measured were pumped ground water packed in bottles and distributed in the domestic market as drinking water from 1993 to April 1995. Analytical results demonstrate that Cl(-)and SO(4)(2-) concentrations increased steadily from August 1994 to just before the earthquake. Water sampled after the earthquake showed much higher Cl(-) and SO(4)(2-) concentrations. The precursory changes in chemical composition may reflect the preparation stage of a large earthquake. 相似文献
7.
Stuart WD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1979,203(4383):907-910
Changes in the ground elevation observed before and immediately after the 1971 San Fernando, California, earthquake are consistent with a theoretical model in which fault zone rocks are strain-softening after peak stress. The model implies that the slip rate of the fault increased to aboul 0.1 meter per year near the focus before the earthquake. 相似文献
8.
V. V. Glukhovtsev S. Yu. Tsarevskii E. V. Stolpivskaya S. N. Kulyasov A. S. Tolpekina 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2012,38(4):259-261
Five spring barley varieties bred by the institute were studied during growth with minimum tillage and application of mineral fertilizers for a planned yield of 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 t/ha. High resistance to stress factors under sharply contrasting weather conditions and the best grain yield and quality were noted in highly plastic varieties. 相似文献
9.
Recent earthquake prediction research in Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mogi K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,233(4761):324-330
Japan has experienced many major earthquake disasters in the past. Early in this century research began that was aimed at predicting the occurrence of earthquakes, and in 1965 an earthquake prediction program was started as a national project. In 1978 a program for constant monitoring and assessment was formally inaugurated with the goal of forecasting the major earthquake that is expected to occur in the near future in the Tokai district of central Honshu Island. The issue of predicting the anticipated Tokai earthquake is discussed in this article as well as the results of research on major recent earthquakes in Japan-the Izu earthquakes (1978 and 1980) and the Japan Sea earthquake (1983). 相似文献
10.
日本地震及其衍生灾害给日本的经济造成了巨大损失,由此产生的核灾害造成的影响更是波及了日本及其周边国家和地区,给农业生产和贸易造成了潜在的负面影响。文章分析了核物质泄露对日本农产品生产及贸易产生的影响,并深入剖析了日本核事故对我国相关农产品生产及贸易产生的影响,提出了我国应采取的主要应对措施及建议,如开展对日本核泄漏物质的监测与各项检测、合理规划国内农产品生产布局、加大对有关疫情的监测力度等,以进一步研究制定未来防御核泄漏污染的策略,确保我国农产品贸易的健康发展。 相似文献
11.
The composition of the gaseous emissions of two fumaroles at the summit of Kilauea Volcano was monitored for m?re than 2 years. Magma was released from the summit reservoir on three occasions during this period; prior to or during each event the ratios of helium to carbon dioxide in the fumarole gases decreased substantially from that observed during periods of quiescence. 相似文献
12.
Ozawa S Murakami M Kaidzu M Tada T Sagiya T Hatanaka Y Yarai H Nishimura T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5595):1009-1012
Analysis of global positioning system data shows that the rate of crustal deformations in the Tokai region of Japan, a seismic gap area, changed over the past 18 months. Kalman filtering analysis shows aseismic slip on the plate boundary in the western Tokai region centered on Lake Hamana, adjacent to the anticipated Tokai earthquake source area. The cumulative moment magnitude reaches 6.7 in June 2002 with a relative slip increase northeast of Lake Haman from January 2002. An existence of aseismic slip in the western Tokai supports the hypothesis of a silent event as the cause of uplifting several days before the 1944 Tonankai earthquake. 相似文献
13.
对中日温泉发展历程进行对比并深入分析日本温泉度假区的特色景观元素,同时从文化塑造、人性化营造、地形设计、景观小品设计、水体设计、植物配植等方面分析日本温泉度假区的景观营造手法以及可供借鉴的景观营造经验。在与目前中国温泉度假村的景观营造现状进行比较研究的基础上,提出适合中国温泉度假村的景观营造手法和路径,为我国温泉度假区建设实践提供参考方法。 相似文献
14.
无机营养和水分胁迫对春小麦叶绿素、丙二醛含量等的影响及其相关性 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19
严重水分胁迫下春小麦幼苗叶片相对含水量极显著下降，丙二醛显著增加，叶绿素极显著减少，气孔失去调节能力而呈开放状态；中度水分胁迫时相对含水量极显著下降，但丙二醛和叶绿素含量无显著变化，气孔孔径缩小，表现出小麦叶片的自我调节作用。叶绿素含量与水分饱和亏及与丙二醛含量间表现出显著的负相关关系。施肥使小麦叶片相对含水量显著降低，但没有引起丙二醛显著增加和叶绿素显著减少，显示出无机营养在土壤营养不足时对植物的积极作用。首次提出终生生长在干旱环境中和前期水分充足后期遭遇水分胁迫两种情形下的抗旱机制有所不同。 相似文献
15.
Kato A Obara K Igarashi T Tsuruoka H Nakagawa S Hirata N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6069):705-708
Many large earthquakes are preceded by one or more foreshocks, but it is unclear how these foreshocks relate to the nucleation process of the mainshock. On the basis of an earthquake catalog created using a waveform correlation technique, we identified two distinct sequences of foreshocks migrating at rates of 2 to 10 kilometers per day along the trench axis toward the epicenter of the 2011 moment magnitude (M(w)) 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in Japan. The time history of quasi-static slip along the plate interface, based on small repeating earthquakes that were part of the migrating seismicity, suggests that two sequences involved slow-slip transients propagating toward the initial rupture point. The second sequence, which involved large slip rates, may have caused substantial stress loading, prompting the unstable dynamic rupture of the mainshock. 相似文献
16.
Variation of interplate fault zone properties with depth in the japan subduction zone 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The depth dependence of physical properties along the Japan subduction zone interface was explored using teleseismic recordings of earthquake signals. Broadband body waves were inverted to determine the duration of rupture and source depth for 40 interplate thrust earthquakes located offshore of Honshu between 1989 and 1995. After scaling for differences in seismic moment, there is a systematic decrease in rupture duration with increasing depth along the subducting plate interface. This indicates increases in rupture velocity or stress drop with depth, likely related to variation in rigidity of sediments on the megathrust. 相似文献
17.
Kumagai H Miyakawa K Negishi H Inoue H Obara K Suetsugu D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5615):2058-2061
Very-long-period (VLP) signals showing simple decaying harmonic oscillations with periods near 10 seconds and lasting for about 300 seconds were observed in association with an earthquake swarm that occurred beneath Hachijo Island, Japan. Results from the source-mechanism analysis and waveform simulation based on a fluid-filled crack model consistently point to the resonance of a dike filled with a basaltic magma as the source of the VLP signals. Thus, VLP signals can be used to probe the state of the fluid and dynamic processes within a volcanic system. 相似文献
18.
A 24 percent precursory change in apparent electrical resistivity was observed before a magnitude 3.9 earthquake of strike-slip nature on the San Andreas fault in central California. The experimental configuration and numerical calculations suggest that the change is associated with a volume at depth rather than some near-surface phenomenon. The character and duration of the precursor period agree well with those of other earthquake studies and support a dilatant earthquake mechanism model. 相似文献
19.
海河平原冬小麦生产与水资源匮乏的矛盾十分突出，亟需建立限水灌溉制度，实现丰产与水分高效的协调统一。于2018—2020年冬小麦生长季，选取旱地组（石麦22、衡观35和冀麦418）和水地组（石农086、冀麦585和石新828）2种类型小麦品种，设置适期播种和晚播2个播期以及春季2次灌水、不灌水和春3、4、5、6叶龄1次灌水处理。研究不同处理土壤水分动态变化及冬小麦产量形成特征。结果表明： 春季限水灌溉下，0—60 cm土层为主要供水层，其含水量（SWC60）变化显著影响小麦产量形成；春4叶龄为冬小麦春季1次灌水的最佳灌溉时期，灌水前干旱程度较轻，灌水后直至乳熟末期SWC60才低于60%，干旱胁迫也相对较轻；春季限水灌溉下，冬小麦产量显著降低，旱地组品种产量降幅低于水地组品种。不同春季叶龄1次灌水处理总体表现为春4叶龄灌水产量降幅最小，平均减产约10%。春季1次灌水晚播处理的产量水平与对应的适期播种处理无显著差异。春4叶龄灌水处理产量和水分利用效率（WUE）显著高于其他春季1次灌水处理，其单位面积穗数、穗粒数和千粒重更为均衡协调，最终在实现7 502.9~8 050.0 kg·hm?2产量水平的同时，WUE达17.5 ~20.1 kg·hm?2·mm?1，较春季2次灌水节水70.1 mm。上述研究结果为构建精量高效的小麦春季限水灌溉制度提供了依据。 相似文献
20.
[目的]分析春季不同时期生产的信阳毛尖茶香气成分差异,为评价信阳毛尖茶品质提供参考依据.[方法]以2016年3月25日(样品1)、3月30日(样品2)、4月5日(样品3)和4月9日(样品4)生产的信阳毛尖茶为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱质谱联用法测定其香气成分,分析春季不同生产时期对信阳毛尖茶香气成分的影响.[结果]从4个信阳毛尖茶样品中共检测出61种主要香气成分,其相对含量总和为81.99%~86.81%;4个样品共有的香气成分为34种.清明节前生产的茶叶样品香气组分中醇类、醛类和酮类的相对含量高于清明节后,酯类、碳氢化合物、含氮化合物、杂氧化合物和其他化合物等香气组分的相对含量则相反;酮类化合物相对含量随着生产时期的延后而逐渐降低.相关分析结果表明,春季不同生产时期的茶叶样品共有香气成分间呈极显著相关(P<0.01);聚类分析结果表明,生产时期对信阳毛尖茶中的香气成分有重要影响,清明前的茶叶样品l和样品2聚为一类,清明后的茶叶样品3和样品4各自聚为一类.[结论]春季不同生产时期对信阳毛尖茶中香气成分的含量和种类影响存在差异,清明节前后信阳毛尖茶中的香气成分存在差异.因此,香气成分可作为信阳毛尖茶生产时期判别的指标,也可作为评价春季信阳毛尖茶品质的主要依据. 相似文献