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1.
本试验旨在研究短链果寡糖(scFOS)对断奶仔猪肠道氧化还原状态和黏膜完整性的影响。试验选用12头初始体重为(7.02±0.04)kg的24日龄"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,随机分配到对照组(n=6)和scFOS组(n=6)。对照组仔猪饲喂基础饲粮,scFOS组仔猪饲喂基础饲粮且每天每头饲喂1.2 g scFOS。试验期14 d。结果表明:1)scFOS摄入可显著提高仔猪平均日增重(ADG)并显著降低料重比(F/G)(P<0.05);scFOS摄入可显著降低仔猪血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性和D-乳酸含量(P<0.05)。2)scFOS摄入可显著提高仔猪空肠黏膜中还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性并降低丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05)。3)scFOS摄入可显著上调空肠黏膜G SH-Px和核转录因子NF-E2相关因子2(NRF2)mRNA表达量(P<0.05),有增加空肠黏膜Keleh样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白1(KEAP1)mRNA表达量的趋势(P=0.08)。4)scFOS摄入可显著上调空肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白2(ZO2)和封闭蛋白2(CLDN2)mRNA表达量(P<0.05),有增加闭合蛋白(OCLD)mRNA表达量的趋势(P=0.05)。综上所述,短期摄入scFOS可通过缓解肠道氧化应激和改善肠道屏障功能的途径改善断奶仔猪生长性能。  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在研究21日龄断奶对仔猪肠道形态、肠道通透性及肠黏膜屏障的影响。采用2×3双因子完全随机试验设计,组别(哺乳组、断奶组)和日龄(22、24和28日龄)为2个主效应。选取6窝体况相近的健康大白仔猪,每窝选取6头平均体重为(6.1±0.2)kg的仔猪,随机分为2组,分别为断奶组和哺乳组,每组18头,分别于22、24和28日龄时屠宰,测定其生长性能、肠道形态、肠道通透性及肠黏膜屏障。结果表明:1)28日龄时,断奶组仔猪的末重和平均日增重均极显著低于哺乳组(P0.01)。2)组别和日龄对仔猪的空肠隐窝深度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度、回肠绒毛高度有极显著交互作用(P0.01);断奶组的空肠、回肠隐窝深度极显著高于哺乳组(P0.01),空肠、回肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度极显著低于哺乳组(P0.01);哺乳组28日龄时的空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度极显著高于22和24日龄时(P0.01),24日龄时的回肠绒毛高度极显著高于22日龄时(P0.01)。3)组别和日龄对仔猪的空肠黏膜二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性有显著交互作用(P0.05),断奶组的空肠、回肠黏膜DAO活性显著低于哺乳组(P0.05)。4)组别和日龄对仔猪空肠黏膜闭锁蛋白(occludin)的mRNA表达量有极显著交互作用(P0.01);空肠黏膜闭锁小带蛋白1(ZO-1)和哺乳组空肠黏膜occludin的mRNA表达量随着日龄的增加先升高后降低(P0.05);与哺乳组相比,断奶组回肠黏膜ZO-1、occludin和24日龄时空肠黏膜occludin的mRNA表达量显著降低(P0.05);24日龄时回肠黏膜ZO-1的mRNA表达量显著高于22日龄时(P0.05)。5)组别和日龄对仔猪空肠黏膜肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的mRNA表达量有显著交互作用(P0.05);断奶组24和28日龄时空肠黏膜TNF-α的mRNA表达量显著高于哺乳组(P0.05),空肠黏膜白细胞介素10(IL-10)的mRNA表达量显著低于哺乳组(P0.05)。回肠黏膜白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)的mRNA表达量随着日龄的增加而降低(P0.05)。综上所述,哺乳仔猪22~28日龄时肠道发育趋于成熟,而断奶会破坏仔猪肠道上皮细胞的结构和紧密连接蛋白的mRNA表达,引起肠道绒毛变短和脱落、肠道通透性增加和炎症反应,降低平均日增重。  相似文献   

3.
旨在探讨日粮中添加壳聚糖对早期断奶仔猪肠道屏障功能的影响。将30头21d断奶仔猪((6.62±0.59)kg)随机分为3组,预试期采用大肠杆菌攻毒(109细胞.头-1),对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加50mg.kg-1金霉素和300mg.kg-1壳聚糖,饲养期21d。结果表明,与对照组相比,壳聚糖能降低血浆中D-乳酸(D-Lactate)含量(P<0.05)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性(P<0.05)和血清内皮素-1(ET-1)水平(P<0.05),但对血清一氧化氮(NO)含量无明显影响(P>0.05);免疫组化结果显示,壳聚糖组空肠黏膜Occludin(P<0.01)和ZO-1(P<0.05)蛋白表达提高;荧光定量PCR结果表明,壳聚糖组空肠黏膜Occludin(P<0.01)和ZO-1(P<0.05)mRNA表达丰度升高。结果说明,日粮中添加300mg.kg-1的壳聚糖能降低早期断奶仔猪小肠黏膜屏障功能的损伤作用。  相似文献   

4.
《中国兽医学报》2015,(7):1119-1124
将15头体质量为(5.42±0.72)kg的21d病毒性腹泻断奶仔猪随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加100mg/kg新霉素和1.0mg/kg抗菌肽buforinⅡ,饲养期10d。每个处理5个重复,每个重复1头仔猪。结果显示,与对照组和新霉素组相比,日粮添加抗菌肽buforinⅡ能显著降低病毒性腹泻断奶仔猪腹泻指数,显著降低血清IgA、IgM和IgG的浓度、空肠黏膜sIgA的浓度(P0.05);显著下调病毒性腹泻断奶仔猪空肠和回肠黏膜TLR-2、PKR和eIF-5A mRNA相对表达丰度(P0.05);显著提高病毒性腹泻断奶仔猪空肠和回肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度、GSH-Px、NOS、SOD、GR和T-AOC浓度(P0.05)以及空肠黏膜occludin蛋白水平(P0.05)。结果表明,日粮抗菌肽buforinⅡ能减轻病毒对断奶仔猪空肠黏膜屏障功能的损伤作用。  相似文献   

5.
本文旨在研究饲用凝结芽孢杆菌对感染产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC) K88断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道菌群、形态及细胞因子表达的影响。试验选用32头25日龄断奶的健康"杜×长×大"商品公猪,按照初始体重一致原则分成4个组,每组8个重复,单笼饲养。ETEC K88感染前7 d,2个组饲喂基础饲粮(BD组),另外2个组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1.0×10~7CFU/g凝结芽孢杆菌的饲粮(PD组)。第8天起,开展2×2双因素试验,4个组设计如下:1) NCH+BD组,口服生理盐水、饲喂基础饲粮;2) NCH+PD组,口服生理盐水、饲喂添加凝结芽孢杆菌饲粮;3) CH+BD组,口服ETEC K88、饲喂基础饲粮;4) CH+PD组,口服ETEC K88、饲喂添加凝结芽孢杆菌饲粮。试验猪口服5 mL ETEC K88(活菌数1.0×10~9CFU/mL)或5 mL 0.9%生理盐水,持续3 d。试验用凝结芽孢杆菌是经体外牛津杯法确定的1株对ETEC K88具有良好抑菌效果的菌株,添加量1.0×10~7CFU/g。试验第11天,取仔猪空肠、回肠、盲肠及食糜样本,测定肠道菌群、形态及细胞因子表达量。结果表明:1)ETEC K88感染处理显著降低断奶仔猪平均日增重和平均日采食量、空肠和盲肠食糜中乳酸杆菌数量、空肠和回肠绒毛高度以及空肠黏膜白细胞介素-10(IL-10)mRNA表达量(P0.05);同时,显著提高断奶仔猪料重比和腹泻指数、空肠和盲肠食糜中大肠杆菌数量、空肠和回肠隐窝深度以及空肠黏膜白细胞介素-6(IL-6) mRNA表达量(P0.05)。2)饲用凝结芽孢杆菌处理显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重和平均日采食量、空肠和盲肠食糜中乳酸杆菌数量、空肠和回肠绒毛高度以及空肠黏膜IL-10 mRNA表达量(P0.05);同时,显著降低断奶仔猪料重比和腹泻指数、空肠和盲肠食糜中大肠杆菌数量、空肠和回肠隐窝深度以及空肠黏膜IL-6 mRNA表达量(P0.05)。3)除腹泻指数外,ETEC K88感染处理与饲用凝结芽孢杆菌处理之间对其他指标均无显著互作效应(P0.05)。结果提示,无论是否ETEC K88感染处理,饲用凝结芽孢杆菌均可通过平衡肠道菌群、维持肠道正常形态和缓解肠道炎症反应,改善断奶仔猪生长性能。  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在研究酵母多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态、抗氧化能力和肠道免疫状态的影响。试验选取体重[(6.89±0.88) kg]相近、健康状况良好的21日龄长×大×杜杂交阉公断奶仔猪32头,随机分为4个组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.1%酵母多糖(0.1%酵母多糖组)、0.2%酵母多糖(0.2%酵母多糖组)、55 mg/kg吉他霉素和20 mg/kg硫酸黏菌素(抗生素组)的试验饲粮。预试期3 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮中添加0.1%酵母多糖可显著增加断奶仔猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量(P0.05),显著降低盲肠内容物pH(P0.05);添加0.1%和0.2%酵母多糖和抗生素可显著降低料重比(P0.05);2)饲粮中添加0.1%和0.2%酵母多糖有增加断奶仔猪空肠绒毛高度的趋势(0.05P0.10),添加0.1%酵母多糖和抗生素可显著增加回肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量(P0.05);3)饲粮中添加0.2%酵母多糖和抗生素可显著降低断奶仔猪的十二指肠黏膜超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P0.05),添加0.1%、0.2%酵母多糖和抗生素可显著降低空肠黏膜SOD活性(P0.05);4)0.2%酵母多糖组断奶仔猪的十二指肠黏膜白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的mRNA表达量显著降低(P0.05),回肠黏膜白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的mRNA表达量显著提高(P0.05);0.1%、0.2%酵母多糖组和抗生素组的空肠黏膜肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的mRNA表达量有降低趋势(0.05P0.10)。综上所述,酵母多糖可提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,降低盲肠pH,改善肠道形态并降低肠道炎症。在本试验条件下,仔猪饲粮中酵母多糖的适宜添加水平为0.1%。  相似文献   

7.
试验研究了日粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌对仔猪血浆抗氧化指标和肠黏膜生长的影响。选取30头体重相近的21日龄健康断奶仔猪随机分为3组(对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组),每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加2.0×10~6、2.0×10~7 CFU/g的凝结芽孢杆菌。正试期21 d,试验结束时前腔静脉采血后屠宰取样。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组断奶仔猪血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、空肠和回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值、回肠总蛋白(TP)含量及RNA与DNA的比值均显著提高(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组仔猪血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组空肠TP含量及TP/DNA显著提高(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,日粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌可以提高断奶仔猪的抗氧化能力,促进仔猪肠道黏膜细胞的增殖与更新,从而改善了肠道黏膜形态结构。  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在研究白藜芦醇(RSV)对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的调节作用。试验选取24头遗传背景一致、健康状况良好、胎次和体重接近的21日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、低RSV组(基础饲粮中添加600mg/kgRSV)和高RSV组(基础饲粮中添加1000mg/kgRSV),每个处理8个重复,每个重复1头猪。预饲期3d,试验期21d。在第22天屠宰并收集所有试验猪的血清与肝脏样品,检测生长性能、肠道形态、肠道屏障与氧化还原平衡相关指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,(1)饲粮添加600mg/kgRSV显著提高断奶仔猪空肠CAT和SOD活性(P 0.05)、空肠ZO-2mRNA表达量(P 0.05)和断奶仔猪ADFI(P 0.05);(2)饲粮添加1000mg/kgRSV显著提高断奶仔猪空肠CAT和SOD活性(P 0.05)、空肠Claudin-1和ZO-2mRNA表达量(P 0.05)、空肠绒毛高度和绒隐比(P 0.05)和仔猪ADFI和ADG(P 0.05)。以上研究表明,饲粮补充600mg/kgRSV显著提高断奶仔猪肠道抗氧化酶活性、促进肠道屏障基因表达,但对肠道形态和生长性能均无显著影响;饲粮补充1000mg/kgRSV不仅显著提高断奶仔猪肠道抗氧化酶活性、促进肠道屏障基因表达,而且改善肠道形态、提高仔猪生长性能。  相似文献   

9.
试验研究日粮添加1%α-酮戊二酸(AKG)对多次脂多糖(LPS)刺激断奶仔猪空肠黏膜蛋白、RNA、DNA浓度和抗氧化能力的影响。选用24头健康杜洛克×长白×大白(7.25±0.23)kg断奶仔猪,随机分成3个处理,每个处理8个重复,公、母各半。对照组和LPS组饲喂基础日粮+1%淀粉、AKG组饲喂基础日粮+1%AKG,在试验第10、12、14、16天分别在LPS组和AKG组仔猪的腹膜注射80μg/kgBW脂多糖,对照组注射相应剂量的灭菌生理盐水。第17天清晨屠宰空腹仔猪,刮取空肠黏膜待测。结果表明:多次LPS刺激显著降低断奶仔猪空肠黏膜RNA/DNA、蛋白/DNA、蛋白质浓度及SOD活性(P<0.05),显著升高MDA含量(P<0.05),而日粮中添加AKG能在一定程度上抑制LPS刺激引起的空肠黏膜蛋白合成减少和抗氧化能力降低,维持肠道屏障完整性。  相似文献   

10.
为研究地衣芽孢杆菌和低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和通透性及粪便微生物的影响,试验采用体重、健康状况相近的(25±1)日龄断奶仔猪160头,随机分为4组(对照组、400mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌组、200mg/kg低聚木糖组和地衣芽孢杆菌+低聚木糖组),每组5个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。结果表明:(1)地衣芽孢杆菌组和低聚木糖组断奶仔猪的平均日增重显著提高15.1%和12.8%(P<0.05),腹泻率显著降低34.1%和41.2%(P<0.05);地衣芽孢杆菌组断奶仔猪的料肉比显著降低10.6%(P<0.05);(2)地衣芽孢杆菌组和低聚木糖组断奶仔猪空肠的绒毛高度显著提高20.3%和16.3%(P<0.05),绒隐比显著提高31.5%和20.7%;(3)地衣芽孢杆菌组断奶仔猪血清D-乳酸和二胺氧化酶(DAO)水平显著降低14.6%和19.1%(P<0.05);(4)低聚木糖组断奶仔猪粪便乳杆菌数量显著提高5.3%(P<0.05);地衣芽孢杆菌组和低聚木糖组断奶仔猪粪便大肠杆菌数量显著降低12.5%和9.4%(P<0.05),并且两者有显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。因此,断奶仔猪日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌和低聚木糖可以改善仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,改善肠道绒毛结构和屏障功能,促进肠道微生物平衡。  相似文献   

11.
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12.
The pharmacokinetics of carbetocin, which is used to control postpartum hemorrhage after giving birth, was studied in cows and gilts after a single intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) injection. Blood samples from animals were assessed by oxytocin radioimmunoassay, and then the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental model. For gilts, there was no significant difference between half-life (T1/2λZ), mean residue time (MRT), and maximum concentration (Cmax) between IM and IV administration. Conversely, the time to reach the Cmax (Tmax) and MRT were higher following administration of 350 μg/animal in cows via the IM administration compared with IV. The longest T1/2λZ was 0.85 hr, indicating carbetocin was absorbed and eliminated rapidly in both animal species after administration. The Tmax was similar between cows and gilts following IM administration. Moreover, the Cmax after IM injection was about half that of IV administration in both animals. The bioavailability was more than 80% in cows, suggesting administration via the IM route is efficient. This is in agreement with the longer T1/2λZ in cows after IM administration. However, the IV route is recommended for gilts due to a lower bioavailability (35%) and shorter T1/2λZ after IM administration compared with IV.  相似文献   

13.
Infections caused by thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are the leading causes of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Wild birds can act as reservoirs of both pathogens. A survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter and Salmonella in waterfowl used as decoys and wild raptors in Andalusia (Southern Spain). The overall prevalence detected for Campylobacter was 5.9% (18/306; CI95%: 3.25–8.52) in decoys and 2.3% (9/387; CI95%: 0.82–3.83) in wild raptors. Isolates were identified as C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari in both bird groups. Salmonella was isolated in 3.3% (10/306; CI95%: 2.3–4.3) and 4.6% (18/394; CI95%: 3.5–5.6) of the decoys and raptors, respectively. Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium were the most frequently identified serovars, although Salmonella serovars Anatum, Bredeney, London and Mikawasima were also isolated. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of isolates showed higher genetic diversity within Campylobacter species compared to Salmonella serovars. Campylobacter isolates showed resistance to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, while resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline was found in Salmonella isolates. The results indicate that both decoys and raptors can act as natural carriers of Campylobacter and Salmonella in Spain, which may have important implications for public and animal health.  相似文献   

14.
Our ability to restore rangelands is limited, and it is unknown if seedling herbivory on its own, or in interaction with other stressors, is a major contributor to restoration failure. To address this, we conducted two experiments: a No Defoliation (ND) experiment (n = 48), in which seedlings from three perennial grasses (crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum {(L.} Gaertn.], bluebunch wheatgrass [Psuedoroegnaria spicata {Pursh} Á. Love], Sandberg bluegrass [Poa secunda J Presl]) were subjected to wet and dry water regimes for 4 mo, and a concurrent Defoliation (D) experiment (n = 95), in which seedlings were factorially assigned to two defoliation treatments—frequency (LOW, HIGH) and intensity (30% vegetation removal, 70% vegetation removal). Indicators of seedling performance were aboveground and belowground biomass (AGB and BGB), root:shoot ratio, tillering, and mortality. The effect size statistic, Hedge’s g, allowed for comparisons between performance measures. Water stress induced reductions in most performance measures: BGB (g = ND: –1.3; D: –1.6), root:shoot ratio (g = ND: n.s.; D: –0.2), and tillering (g = ND: –1.7; D: –1.2), though not significantly for all species. For ABG, water stress interacted with defoliation, reducing performance less at an intensity of 70% (g = –2.0) as opposed to 30% (g = –3.0), but not always significantly in the former. Water stress also caused less reduction in AGB when no defoliation occurred (ND: –0.8; g = D: –2.5). Intensity and frequency of defoliation interacted; seedlings were generally resistant to reductions in performance except at high frequency, 70% defoliation. Agropyron cristatum and P. spicata displayed similar sensitivity to treatments, mostly in terms of changes in AGB and BGB, while P. secunda also experienced increased mortality and reduced tillering. If these differences in sensitivity result in differential survival, herbivory could impact species postrestoration population demographics.  相似文献   

15.
Canine babesiosis caused by different Babesia species is a protozoal tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution and global significance. Historically, Babesia infection in dogs was identified based on the morphologic appearance of the parasite in the erythrocyte. All large forms of Babesia were designated Babesia canis, whereas all small forms of Babesia were considered to be Babesia gibsoni. However, the development of molecular methods has demonstrated that other Babesia species such as Babesia conradae, Babesia microti like piroplasm, Theileria spp. and a yet unnamed large form Babesia spp. infect dogs and cause distinct diseases. Babesia rossi, B. canis and Babesia vogeli previously considered as subspecies are identical morphologically but differ in the severity of clinical manifestations which they induce, their tick vectors, genetic characteristics, and geographic distributions, and are therefore currently considered separate species. The geographic distribution of the causative agent and thus the occurrence of babesiosis are largely dependent on the habitat of relevant tick vector species, with the exception of B. gibsoni where evidence for dog to dog transmission indicates that infection can be transmitted among fighting dog breeds independently of the limitations of vector tick infestation. Knowledge of the prevalence and clinicopathological aspects of Babesia species infecting dogs around the world is of epidemiologic and medical interest. Babesiosis in domestic cats is less common and has mostly been reported from South Africa where infection is mainly due to Babesia felis, a small Babesia that causes anemia and icterus. In addition, Babesia cati was reported from India and sporadic cases of B. canis infection in domestic cats have been reported in Europe, B. canis presentii in Israel and B. vogeli in Thailand. Babesiosis caused by large Babesia spp. is commonly treated with imidocarb dipropionate with good clinical response while small Babesia spp. are more resistant to anti-babesial therapy. Clinical and parasitological cure are often not achieved in the treatment of small Babesia species infections and clinical relapses are frequent. The spectrum of Babesia pathogens that infect dogs and cats is gradually being elucidated with the aid of molecular techniques and meticulous clinical investigation. Accurate detection and species recognition are important for the selection of the correct therapy and prediction of the course of disease.  相似文献   

16.
深入研究了当归属及其相关7属,古当归属,高山芹属,柳叶芹属,独活属,欧当归属,山芹属及前胡属毛状体和果实结构。结果显示毛状体及果实结构(如:毛状体细胞,翅,油管,维管束,中果皮,内果皮,结合面及结晶)可以用于区分当归属及其相关类群。滇南当归及隆萼当归应从当归属移入独活属,其余当归属物种分为结合面宽及结合面窄两组,前者与前胡属较为相似,但与独活属差别较大,后者与古当归属,高山芹属,柳叶芹属,欧当归属有相似之处。支持分子系统学揭示的当归属不是个自然类群,当归属与前胡属共同位于当归分支,而独活属位于独活分支。山芹属果实结构与其他属不同,翅的中果皮无细胞,且伴生油管位于维管束内侧,为分子系统学显示此属与高山芹属,柳叶芹属,及欧当归属亲缘关系较远提供了形态学依据。  相似文献   

17.
This study estimated genetic and phenotypic parameters and annual trends for growth and fertility traits of Charolais and Hereford cattle in Kenya. Traits considered were birth weight (BW, kg), pre-weaning average daily gain (ADG, kg/day) and weaning weight (WW, kg); calving interval (CI, days) and age at first calving (AFC, days). Direct heritability estimates for growth traits were 0.36 and 0.21; 0.25 and 0.10; 0.23 and 0.13 for BW, ADG and WW in Charolais and Hereford, respectively. Maternal heritability estimates were 0.11 and 0.01; 0.18 and 0.00; 0.17 and 0.17 for BW, ADG and WW in Charolais and Hereford, respectively. Direct-maternal genetic correlations ranged between −0.46 and 1.00; −0.51 and −1.00; −0.47 and −0.39 for BW, ADG and WW in Charolais and Hereford, respectively. Genetic correlations ranged from −0.99 to unity and −1.00 to unity for growth and fertility traits respectively. Prospects for improvement of growth and fertility traits exist.  相似文献   

18.
Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (Cmax, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their Cmax (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (Css) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance.  相似文献   

19.
The objectives of this study were to compare the progeny of 1) late-maturing beef with dairy breeds and 2) Charolais (CH), Limousin (LM), Simmental (SM) and Belgian Blue (BB) sires bred to beef suckler dams, for feed intake, blood hormones and metabolites, live animal measurements, carcass traits and carcass value in bull and steer production systems. The bull system included 50 late-maturing beef breeds and 22 Holsteins (HO) slaughtered at approximately 15 months of age, whereas the steer system consisted of 56 late-maturing beef breeds and 23 British Friesians (FR) slaughtered at approximately 24 months of age. Beef breeds were suckled until approximately 8 months of age, while dairy breeds were artificially reared until weaning at approximately 3 months of age. All animals were finished on an ad libitum concentrate diet. Mean live weight, live weight gain, carcass gain and feed efficiency were greater (P < 0.05) in beef than dairy breeds in both systems during the finishing period when offered concentrates. Although there was no difference in feed intake between beef and dairy breeds, intake expressed relative to live weight was lower (P < 0.001) in beef breeds in both systems. At 10 months of age and pre-slaughter, beef breeds had higher (P < 0.001) muscularity scores and greater scanned muscle depth (P < 0.001) than their dairy contemporaries. Carcass weight, kill-out proportion, carcass conformation score, meat proportion and value were greater (P < 0.001) and carcass fat and bone proportions were lower (P < 0.05) in beef than dairy breeds in both systems. Insulin concentrations were lower (P < 0.001) in beef than dairy breeds, whereas there was no difference in blood metabolites or IGF-1 concentrations. Feed intake expressed relative to live weight or feed efficiency did not differ between CH, LM, SM or BB sired progeny. Muscularity scores were greater (P < 0.05) in BB than SM, whereas skeletal scores were lower (P < 0.05) in LM than SM. Limousin had lower (P < 0.05) carcass gain per day of age than CH and SM, whereas SM had a lower (P < 0.05) carcass conformation score than BB and CH and a higher (P < 0.05) carcass fat score than CH. Simmental had a lower (P < 0.05) carcass meat proportion and a higher (P < 0.05) carcass fat proportion than CH, LM and BB, which were similar (P > 0.05). The improvement obtained for beef over dairy breeds in live weight gain was 12%, while the improvements in carcass gain and meat produced was 24% and 33%, respectively. This demonstrates that the importance of carcass data contributing to breed comparison studies cannot be over-emphasised.  相似文献   

20.
A study was conducted examining the effects of prebiotics and probiotics separately and in combination on growth parameters, fecal and cecal microbiota. Six dietary treatments consisted of: 1) control, 2) control + 0.2 lb/ton calculated to contain 1 × 1010Pediococcus acidilactici/kg, 3) control + 0.2 lb/ton calculated to contain 2 × 1010 live Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii/kg, 4) control + 2 lb/ton yeast cell wall extract (YCWE), 5) control + 0.2 lb/ton calculated to contain 1 × 1010 /kg Pediococcus acidilactici/kg and + 2 lb/ton YCWE, and 6) control + 0.2 lb/ton calculated to contain 2 × 1010/kg live Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii/kg + 2 lb/ton YCWE. Dietary treatments had 10 replicates during the brooder phase; 6 replicates from grower phase through conclusion of the study. Bovan white pullets were utilized for the study. There was not a significant difference between treatments for feed intake, body weight, body weight gain or feed conversion. There were no significant differences between treatments for Salmonella enteritidis presence or fecal counts of E. coli, coliform, and Salmonella spp. Cecal E. coli and coliform counts were not affected by treatment. There was a significant treatment by time effect for Enterobacteriaceae cecal counts. Enterobacteriaceae counts increased at 16 wk of age and decreased through the study for all treatments, except for YCWE. The addition of prebiotics and probiotics, individually or in combination, did not significantly improve growth or alter the potentially pathogenic bacteria microbiology of feces or ceca in pullet chicks.  相似文献   

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