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犬髋关节发育不良(Canine Hip Dysplasia, CHD)是犬常见的骨科疾病,传统放射学诊断对降低CHD发病率的作用有限,而基因诊断技术则可以有效促进CHD的育种改良。全基因组关联分析(Genome wide association study, GWAS)是一种全基因组范围内的遗传标记的检测技术,对复杂性状功能基因的鉴定十分有效,已成为挖掘畜禽复杂疾病和性状遗传的重要方法。随着犬全基因组测序的完成以及犬不同密度SNP芯片的商业化,GWAS已经成为CHD致病基因筛选的一个重要手段。本文综述了GWAS的定义与影响因素,CHD在国外的育种现状及GWAS在德国牧羊犬中的研究进展。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医学报》2015,(6)
全基因组关联分析(Genome-wide association study,GWAS)是在关联分析的基础上对全基因组范围内的遗传标记进行检测,以研究复杂疾病和性状遗传的一种有效方法。国内外许多研究人员针对猪重要性状展开GWAS,鉴定出大量单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)标记、数量性状基因座(Quantitative trait locus,QTL)和候选基因为猪育种提供必要的分子基础,同时有助于后续相关功能基因的研究和数量性状核苷酸(Quantitative trait nucleotide,QTN)的鉴定。本文主要对GWAS在猪重要性状上的研究进展进行综述,同时简单介绍猪重要性状QTN的研究进展。 相似文献
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以往通过候选基因分析和数量性状位点(quantitative trait locus,QTL)连锁分析等策略使我们对一些基因的功能有了一定了解,但是很多控制畜禽经济性状的基因还无法分离和鉴定。随着高通量测序技术的不断发展以及人类全基因组计划(human genome project,HGP)和许多动植物的全基因组测序完成,全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)已经成为研究复杂性状的重要方法。文章针对GWAS在重要畜种复杂经济性状中的研究进展进行综述,梳理了近几年在动物经济性状研究中利用GWAS取得的成果,并且对GWAS研究策略与方法进行了归纳总结,旨在利用GWAS为畜禽复杂性状的遗传基础研究提供参考,同时为今后的动物育种工作奠定基础。 相似文献
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全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)是一种研究经济性状候选基因的分析方法。近年来,随着家畜全基因组测序的完成,大量的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)被标识,GWAS也越来越多地应用于家畜重要性状的研究领域中,在动物遗传育种中,通过对家畜基因组进行GWAS分析研究,找到控制家畜主要经济性状的重要SNPs,从而挖掘重要经济性状的候选基因。作者详细综述了GWAS的分析方法及其在重要家畜育种中的研究进展。GWAS分析方法包括基因组控制法(genommic control)、分层分析法(stratification analysis)、主成分分析法(principal components analysis,PAC)和混合线性模型分析法(mixed-linear-model association,MLMA),通路分析方法包括非核算法(基因功能富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)和分层贝叶斯优取(hierarchical Bayes prioritization,HBP))和核算法。依据不同的目标性状选择合理的分析方法,提高GWAS分析结果的准确性,为进一步利用GWAS分析各种性状的遗传基础提供合理的借鉴。 相似文献
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水禽的经济性状多为数量性状,数量性状基因座(quantitative trait loci, QTL)是调控数量性状表达的遗传基础,因此QTL的定位是分子育种的基础。全基因组关联分析(genome wide association studies, GWAS)作为鉴定表型与基因型关系的一种分析策略,是挖掘畜禽QTL的重要手段,并已经成功应用于猪、牛、鸡等畜禽的遗传育种工作中。利用GWAS可以定位与水禽经济性状相关的QTL,确定影响水禽性状的功能基因或主效基因,从而实现对水禽重要性状的改良。文章综述了GWAS在水禽重要性状研究上的应用效果,并分析了不足之处,以期为完善水禽遗传育种与遗传改良方法提供参考。 相似文献
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全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association studies, GWAS)是一种利用大规模群体的DNA样本进行全基因组高密度基因型分型，探究与目标性状相关联的遗传变异的研究方法。GWAS在揭示猪重要经济性状的变异规律和推动基因组选择在猪育种中的实际应用等方面有着重要作用。本综述主要围绕GWAS的基本原理、GWAS的分析方法、GWAS在猪育种方面取得研究进展和其未来展望进行综述，以期为利用GWAS进行猪重要经济性状遗传基础的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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家犬是最早被驯化的家养动物,通过选择进化和培育,世界上注册的已有超过400多个犬品种,每个品种都具有独特的生理、行为和形态特征。利用高密度芯片技术进行犬全基因组多态性分析,并通过基因组多态信息扫描定位功能基因成为热点,总结和综述了犬基因组结构变异和多态信息的研究进展,为开展家犬基因组学研究提供新的方法和思路。 相似文献
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K. A. Selting A. W. Spier J. R. Dodam J. W. Skimming J. C. Lattimer L. G. Britt J. R. Turk J. W. Tyler H. E. Durham M. Garro 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2004,2(2):107-108
The cardiotoxicity of anthracycline anticancer agents, most notably doxorubicin, limits their use in treating a wide variety of cancers. Currently available methods for assessment of anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) often lack specificity and sensitivity. The purpose of this pilot investigation was to determine noninvasive diagnostic methods that are predictive for AIC. Two mongrel dogs were anesthetized for injection of doxorubicin (22.5 mg) directly into the left coronary artery. Doxorubicin injection was repeated 2 weeks later. Dogs were followed for 12 weeks or until heart failure was documented. Dogs were monitored before and at serial time points after doxorubicin using echocardiography and signal‐averaged electrocardiography as well as ambulatory ECG monitoring. Blood was also collected for measurement of cardiac troponin I and T concentrations. Doxorubicin was readministered at 6 and 12 weeks after the second injection, as interim data analysis did not reveal adequate evidence of cardiomyopathy. Dog‐1 appeared to be more sensitive than Dog‐2 to AIC based upon gradual changes in variables of cardiac function and earlier time to failure (113 days). In contrast, Dog‐2 had inconsistent changes in cardiac function and a longer time to failure (139 days). Dog‐1 also had greater peak plasma cardiac troponin I levels (17.96 ng/ml) as compared to peak levels in Dog‐2 (4.08 ng/ml). In addition, Dog‐1 had increased ventricular extrasystolic contractions (VE)(0/day at baseline, 443/day one week prior to death), whereas dog‐2 showed very few VE's throughout. Spectral analysis of ECG data also revealed a significant decrease over time in total spectral power in Dog‐1 from 37,148 at baseline to 603 msec2/Hz one week prior to death, indicating decreased parasympathetic tone. Endomyocardial biopsies revealed minor changes despite significant clinical abnormalities. These data indicate differences in susceptibility to AIC between Dog‐1 and Dog‐2, and suggest a role for these noninvasive measures in monitoring the heart during chemotherapy. 相似文献
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本试验通过高通量测序法研究了吸附在牧草细胞壁降解菌的群落结构,分别将粉碎后的苜蓿、燕麦草、羊草和稻草茎秆3.0g放入尼龙袋中,降解24h全部取出,洗净后提取总DNA,根据高通量测序要求制样。结果表明:(1)吸附于不同牧草细胞壁中的细菌群落结构丰富度:燕麦草>苜蓿>稻草>羊草;(2)四组牧草样品共鉴定得到16个门,27个纲,37个目,63个科和91个属。门水平上,硬壁菌门、拟杆菌门、螺旋体门、纤维杆菌门和变形菌门为优势菌门。综上,不同牧草吸附的细菌种类和数量存在显著差异。 相似文献
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Sofia Alves‐Pimenta Bruno Colaço Armando M. Fernandes Lio Gonçalves Jorge Colaço Pedro Melo‐Pinto Mário M. Ginja 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2017,58(6):627-633
Elbow joint incongruity is recognized as an important factor in the development, treatment, and prognosis of canine elbow dysplasia. Elbow incongruity has been measured based on radiographic joint space widths, however these values can be affected by the degree of elbow joint flexion. Recent studies have reported radiographic curvature radii as more precise measures of humeroulnar congruity in dogs. The aim of this prospective observational study was to describe radiographic curvature radii measured from flexed and extended elbow radiographs for a sample of dogs representing a medium breed (Portuguese Pointing Dog) and a large breed (Estrela Mountain Dog). The curvature radii from the ulnar trochlear notch and humeral trochlea were measured in 114 mediolateral elbow extended radiographic views (30 Portuguese Pointing Dog and 27 Estrela Mountain Dog), and 84 mediolateral flexed views (22 Portuguese Pointing Dog and 20 Estrela Mountain Dog). The sampled animals' ages ranged from 12 to 84 months (34.6 ± 17.8 months). Good agreement was observed between curvature radii measurements for flexed vs. extended views in both breed groups. Ulnar trochlear notch curvature radii measurements were greater than humeral trochlea curvature radii measurements in both breed groups. Both curvature radii were greater in the large‐breed dog group vs. the medium‐breed dog group. Both breed groups had ulnar and humeral curves with similar typology. However, the large breed group had greater intermediate differences between the humeroulnar surface curvature radii. Results from this study supported the use of curvature radii as measures of humeroulnar congruity in mediolateral flexed elbow radiographs of medium and large breed dogs. 相似文献
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为优化饲料及原料中16种霉菌毒素的多残留提取,本试验结合稳定同位素稀释技术建立了饲料及原料中16种霉菌毒素的超高效液相色谱-四极杆/线性离子阱质谱检测法(Q-trap-UPLC-MS/MS)。样品经乙腈/水/乙酸(V/V/V∶70/29/1)溶液提取、稀释和上机检测。采用反相C-18色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸和1 mmoL NH4Ac溶液作为弱洗脱流动相与强洗脱流动相乙腈进行梯度洗脱,采用分段多反应监测(MRM)扫描模式进行定性定量分析。基质考察表明,饲料及原料中基质效应较强,故采用稳定同位素稀释以减少基质效应对定量分析的干扰。结果表明:16种霉菌毒素在一定浓度范围内均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(R2)均大于0.998,5种常见配合饲料基质中的限量浓度添加水平的回收率(n=6)为70.2%～129.5%,相对标准偏差为0.4%～14.7%;4种常见原料基质中的限量浓度添加水平的回收率(n=6)为80.2%～116.1%,相对标准偏差为0.1%～7.7%,16种霉菌毒素的定量限为0.25～200 g/kg。该方法简单、快捷及准确,可满足批量饲料及原料中霉菌毒素的日常监测工作。 相似文献
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为研究复方中草药对中华鳖营养免疫及抗氧化功能的影响,试验在水温27~29℃时,将体质量25~35g的中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)幼鳖饲养在池底铺10cm细沙的1.0m×0.8m×0.8m水泥池中,分别投喂添加0%(对照组)、1%、3%和5%复方中草药(芹菜籽粉∶葡萄籽粉∶薏仁粉=1:1:1)的饲料。养殖60d后主要测定幼鳖血液中的抗氧化指标。结果表明:1%、3%、5%中草药组血清谷胱甘肽活性(GSH-Px)均显著高于对照组,剂量效应规律较为明显。5%中草药组血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组。1%中草药组血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于对照组,剂量效应规律不明显。1%、3%和5%中草药组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著低于对照组。3%和5%中草药组幼鳖血清尿素氮(BUN)水平显著低于对照组,表明中草药可提高中华鳖幼鳖蛋白质利用效率。综上所述,从中华鳖幼鳖血清T-AOC活性、MDA含量以及BUN水平等指标来看,结合经济性原则,该复方中草药添加量以3%较为适宜。另外,该复方中草药对于中华鳖幼鳖整个机体的免疫状态的影响规律不明显,其改善中华鳖抵抗力的内在机制还有待深入研究。 相似文献
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旨在建立检测仔猪先天性震颤瘟病毒(APPV)的逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法。根据GenBank上登录的APPV基因组序列,设计1对引物,以临床上表现典型震颤仔猪的淋巴结为材料,提取RNA,建立了RT-PCR方法,并进行敏感性、重复性和特异性试验,对其扩增产物测序比对分析;利用该方法,对临床病料进行检测。结果显示,从典型震颤仔猪的淋巴结中均扩增到与预期大小有一致的片段,经测序比对,扩增片段序列与APPV相应片段的核苷酸同源性在89%以上;该方法只能扩增出APPV片段,而其他几种常见猪病毒均为阴性,3次重复检测结果基本一致,可检测最低cDNA浓度为184.11ng/μL;对临床病料检测,典型病例的检出率达100%。试验结果表明,建立的RT-PCR方法具有良好的特异性、重复性、敏感性等优点,可用于临床APPV引起的仔猪先天性震颤早期检测、病毒鉴定和分子流行病学调查。 相似文献
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为研究植物乳杆菌替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响,试验采用单因素完全随机设计,选用(21±1)日龄健康断奶仔猪120头,随机分成2个组,每组4个重复,每个重复15头猪。抗生素组断奶仔猪在基础日粮中添加800mg/kg恩拉霉素和200mg/kg喹乙醇;植物乳杆菌组在基础日粮中添加0.1%植物乳杆菌,活菌数量≥(1×10^8)cfu/g,试验期为14d。结果表明:植物乳杆菌组断奶仔猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量较抗生素组分别提高7.5%、8.8%(P>0.05),血清中总蛋白(TP)、IgG、IgM含量分别提高19.7%(P<0.05)、37.2%(P<0.05)、113.5%(P<0.01),断奶仔猪血清中D-乳酸含量降低18.0%(P<0.05)。综述,日粮中添加植物乳杆菌替代饲用抗生素恩拉霉素和喹乙醇具有提高断奶仔猪生长速度和机体免疫的功能。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to determine if the use of auditory stimulation during early development stages of young puppies, using a variety of sounds such as music, radio talk shows, and ambient noise, that included car noises, sirens, and gunshots, could affect the results of early puppy testing of future police working dogs. Sixty-seven puppies at 7 weeks of age were submitted to a 9-situation test and their results analyzed. The sample comprised 34 males and 33 females, from 4 different breeds/crosses (27 German Shepherd Dog, 19 Belgian Malinois Shepherd Dog, 7 Dutch Shepherd Dog, and 14 animals of a cross of German Shepherd Dog with Belgian Malinois Shepherd Dog), representing 12 litters. Puppies were divided in 2 groups, G1 (n?=?46) and G2 (n?=?21), with G1 being submitted only to the standard socialization protocol in use in the Grupo de Intervenção Cinotécnico while puppies in G2, beside the standard socialization protocol, were also presented with auditory stimulation throughout the day, particularly during playtime and meal time. Significant differences were observed in some situations between groups, with puppies in G1 achieving better scores on this specific test, which aims to access a puppy's level of interaction with humans, reaction to manipulations, and reaction to different environmental stimulus. No differences were found between sexes but some differences between breeds were found, suggesting familial effects on noise reaction. Further studies, involving a greater number of puppies and litters, and that would also include noise exposure quantification, behavioral, and physiological assays are required to confirm these findings. It will also be of interest to evaluate if the results obtained as a young puppy have any connection with future adult performance. 相似文献
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猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒(Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus,SADS-CoV)是2017年在我国广东首次发现的一种可导致新生仔猪急性水样腹泻及死亡的新型冠状病毒。为调查2018年江西及福建猪群中该病毒的感染情况,试验建立了一种SADS-CoV套式RT-PCR检测方法,并调查2018年江西及福建腹泻猪只样本中SADS-CoV的流行情况。根据GenBank数据库中SADS-CoV GDS04毒株(登录号MF167434)的核衣壳蛋白(N)基因核酸序列,设计了两对特异性套式引物。以猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒等病毒的基因组为模板检测引物的特异性。通过优化反应条件建立了检测SADS-CoV的套式PCR方法,用建立的套式PCR方法对2018年从江西和福建两省8个猪场采集的492份腹泻样品进行检测。应用设计的两对套式引物扩增出了650 bp和291 bp两个特异性片段。试验建立的套式PCR检测方法特异性好,只能扩增SADS-CoV,其最低检测限度为102拷贝/μL。利用所建立的方法对来自江西和福建省的492份腹泻猪临床样品进行检测,从福建猪群样品中检出了2份SADS-CoV感染,未从江西临床样品中检出SADS-CoV。试验将为SADS-CoV的临床检测提供一种套式PCR检测方法,结果表明该病毒在福建猪群而未在江西腹泻猪群中流行,将对SADS-CoV的临床诊断等具有应用价值。 相似文献