共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
<正>东方金龟子又名黑绒鳃金龟子、天鹅绒金龟子。属鞘翅目金龟子科,分布于东北、华北、西北及华东等地,成虫食性杂、食量大,是防护林、苗圃及果园的大害虫,幼虫危害性较小。根据果树花期早晚依次危害杏、桃、梨、苹果树的花蕾、花、幼芽和嫩叶,造成果品质量下降和减产。 相似文献
2.
一、前言我市各林场的林业苗圃地,从1976年以来,连年遭受东北大黑鳃金龟子(Holotrichia diomphalia Fates)幼虫(即蛴螬)的为害。对落叶松、樟子松、黑松的当年播种苗和二年生移植苗木的根茎,轻者造成缺苗断条,重者造成苗木大面积死亡。为探求生物防治途径,保证苗木丰产,1979年我站从山东省农科院植保所引进日本金龟子乳状菌(Bacillus popilliae Dutky)原种,以下简称(B.P.)进行转主定向驯化防治东北大黑鳃金龟子的试验。金龟子乳状菌是专化性病原菌。据杜克(Dutky)提出只有53种金龟子有敏感性(不包括东北大黑鳃金龟子),我们认为金龟子乳状菌(B.P.)虽有它高度的专化性,也必然有它 相似文献
3.
付玉东 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2012,(4):75-76
文章通过对阜新地区林业苗圃、苗期地下害虫蛴螬的种类、生活习性进行了系统调查,发现有3种,即东北大黑鳃金龟子(Holotrichia diomphlia)、黑绒金龟子(Maladera orientalis)、云斑鳃金龟(Polyphylla latico-lis),其中,后2种为优势种群。对目前林业苗圃地下害虫,苗期地下害虫防治技术进行了系统的调查研究,主要有物理措施、营林措施和化学措施。 相似文献
4.
望奎县苗圃近些年来,落叶松育苗受到不同程度的东北大黑鳃金龟子(Holotrichiadiomphalia Bates)幼虫的危害。每年6月初开始发生,6月中、下旬苗木大量死亡,直到9月末,严重威胁着育苗生产。79年12亩华北落叶松发生了东北大黑鳃金龟子危害,但由于我们对害虫生活史进行了观察,及时采取了有效措施,收到了较好的防治效果,12亩落叶松产苗达到245万株,其中成苗100万株。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
东北大黑鳃金龟子(Holotrichia diomphalia Bates)属鞘翅目(Coleoptera)金龟子科(Scarabaeidae)。此虫分布广,为害重,是我国农林生产的主要虫害之一。我市九个国营林场的苗圃地,从一九七六年以来不同程度遭受东北大黑鳃金龟子幼虫的(蛴螬)的危害。该害虫在我市苗圃地里,主要为害落叶松、樟子松、黑松的当年播种苗和二年生移植苗木的地下根茎,轻者缺苗断条;重者造成大面积死亡。几年来,全县苗圃 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
以甲醇、乙醇、氯仿和蒸馏水为溶剂获得的4种紫穗槐提取液,对沙地害虫大皱鳃金龟子进行了活性测定。结果表明：乙醇提取液（100mg/mL ）对大皱鳃金龟子毒杀活性最强,氯仿提取液次之,蒸馏水和甲醇提取液在4种提取液中活性最差;紫穗槐4种溶剂提取液对大皱鳃金龟子均有一定的触杀作用,但是活性均不高。 相似文献
11.
梨叶枯病是在早酥梨上发现的一种新病害，病原菌为Ｍｙｃｏｖｅｌｌｏｓｉｅｌｌａ ｐｙｒｉｃｏｌａ。通过调查早酥梨叶枯病在田间的消长动态，实测不同病情指数下１年生早酥梨苗的高、粗生长量、７－８年生结果树平均单果重、单株产量，建立了苗期生长量和结果树产量损失估计模型，推算出该病害防治指标病指苗期为１２．７４％，结果树为１３．８４％。 相似文献
12.
为探讨科学而又省力的人工疏花技术,以红富士、新红星为试材,在衡水市旧城、等庄两处果园,研究了苹果一次疏花对坐果及果实发育与品质的影响。结果表明:一次疏花可使红富士的花序坐果率两年平均达7948%,较对照高147倍,新红星平均花序坐果率为7282%,较对照高197倍;且幼果膨大较快,果实平均单果重红富士、新红星分别为26896g、24251g,分别比对照高5009g和3016g,且果个整齐,果形指数提高。 相似文献
13.
14.
Girdling effects on fruitlet abscission, leaf chlorophyll, chlorophyll a fluorescence and carbohydrate concentration in various flowering and vegetative shoots were studied during natural fruit drop in two Citrus cultivars. Irrespective of shoot type, girdling delayed fruitlet abscission, but only fruitlets borne on leafy shoots had increased final fruit set. Chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed differences in quantum yield efficiency of photosystem II of light adapted leaves (Phi(PSII)) among shoot types and in response to girdling. In young leaves of vegetative shoots, girdling decreased Phi(PSII), whereas Phi(PSII) increased from Day 30 after girdling in young leaves of leafy flowering shoots; however, Phi(PSII) did not change in mature leaves during fruit set in either control or girdled trees. Girdling altered leaf carbohydrate concentrations and the photosynthetic performance of the various shoot types. Our results indicate that, in Citrus, several carbohydrate-based regulatory mechanisms of photosynthesis coexist during carbohydrate accumulation brought about by girdling. It is concluded that the delay in fruitlet abscission and the increase in Phi(PSII )observed in girdled leafy flowering shoots are the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of fruit set after girdling. 相似文献
15.
We studied the relief of water stress associated with fruit thinning in pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees during drought to determine what mechanisms, other than stomatal adjustment, were involved. Combinations of control irrigation (equal to crop water use less effective rainfall) and deficit irrigation (equal to 20% of control irrigation), fruit load (unthinned and thinned to 40 fruits per tree) and root pruning (pruned and unpruned) treatments were applied to pear (cv. 'Conference') trees during Stage II of fruit development. Daily patterns of midday stem water potential (Psi(stem)) and leaf conductance to water vapor (g(l)) of deficit-irrigated trees differed after fruit thinning. In response to fruit thinning, gl progressively declined with water stress until 30 days after fruit thinning and then leveled off, whereas the effects of decreased fruit load on Psi(stem) peaked 30-40 days after fruit thinning and then tended to decline. Soil water depletion was significantly correlated with fruit load during drought. Our results indicate that stomatal adjustment and the resulting soil water conservation were the factors determining the Psi(stem) response to fruit thinning. However, these factors could not explain differences in daily patterns between g(l) and Psi(stem) after fruit thinning. In all cases, effects of root pruning treatments on Psi(stem) in deficit-irrigated trees were transitory (Psi(stem) recovered from root pruning in less than 30 days), but the recovery of Psi(stem) after root pruning was faster in trees with low fruit loads. This behavior is compatible with the concept that the water balance (reflected by Psi(stem) values) was better in trees with low fruit loads compared with unthinned trees, perhaps because more carbon was available for root growth. Thus, a root growth component is hypothesized as a mechanism to explain the bimodal Psi(stem) response to fruit thinning during drought. 相似文献
16.
矮化果树的栽培技术的发展对于水果产量的提高来说具有重要意义,因此,通过对矮化果树的栽培技术:矮化砧木栽培技术、矮化果树的嫁接技术、生长抑制剂的利用、矮化栽培技术的栽培方式的介绍,以期对矮化果树在北方的栽培技术有所启示。 相似文献
17.
为了解Y形架不同整形方式对梨树生长结果的影响,研究了龙干式和二主枝2种Y形架整形方式下‘中梨1号’梨品种幼树树干直径、主枝直径、早期结果性能、果实品质等方面的差异。结果表明,龙干式整形的‘中梨1号’树干直径、主枝直径、40%以上节位结果枝条数、单株平均结果数等均显著高于二主枝整形的‘中梨1号’,表现出良好的幼树早期丰产性。但龙干式整形的树势相对中庸,果实平均单果质量略小于二主枝整形的‘中梨1号’。除了龙干式的果心占比稍大于二主枝‘中梨1号’,2种整形方式的‘中梨1号’果实在果形指数、果肉硬度和可溶性固形物含量等品质指标上并无显著差异。总体上,龙干式较二主枝式更容易整形,树势更中庸,幼树早期丰产性强,但需要强化水肥管理。 相似文献
18.
19.
20.
Romero P Navarro JM Pérez-Pérez J García-Sánchez F Gómez-Gómez A Porras I Martinez V Botía P 《Tree physiology》2006,26(12):1537-1548
Differences between rootstocks, 'Cleopatra' mandarin and 'Carrizo' citrange, in soil-plant water relations and the influence of these factors on vigor, crop yield, fruit quality and mineral nutrition were evaluated in field-grown Clemenules mandarin trees irrigated at 100% of potential seasonal evaporation (ET(c)) (control treatment), or irrigated at 100% ET(c), except during Phases I and III of fruit growth and post-harvest when no irrigation was applied (deficit irrigation (DI) treatment), for 3 years. Differences between rootstocks in plant-soil water relations were the primary cause of differences among trees in vegetative development and fruit yield. After 3 years of DI treatment, trees on 'Cleopatra' showed more efficient soil water extraction than trees on 'Carrizo', and maintained a higher plant water status, a higher gas exchange rate during periods of water stress and achieved faster recovery in gas exchange following irrigation after water stress. The DI treatment reduced vegetative development more in trees on 'Carrizo' than in trees on 'Cleopatra'. Cumulative fruit yield decreased more in DI trees on 'Carrizo' (40%) than on 'Cleopatra' (27%). The yield component most affected by DI in 'Cleopatra' was the number of fruit, whereas in 'Carrizo' it depended on the severity of water stress reached in each phase (severe water stress in Phase I affected mainly the number of fruit, whereas it affected fruit size the most in Phase III). In the third year of DI treatment, water-use efficiency decreased sharply in trees on 'Carrizo' (70%) compared to trees on 'Cleopatra' (30%). Thus, trees on 'Cleopatra' were able to tolerate moderate water stress, whereas trees on 'Carrizo' were more sensitive to changes in soil water content. 相似文献