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不同光照条件下大豆体内异黄酮的含量与分布 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
用ＨＰＬＣ检测了不同光照处理大豆组织中异黄酮的含量。结果显示：幼苗子叶异黄酮含量大大高于叶片和根中的含量;光照处理后,子叶中异黄酮的含量降低,而叶片和根中的异黄酮含量上升;异黄酮含量较低的品种,幼苗光照后子叶中异黄酮含量上升较多。幼苗子叶中的异黄酮以大豆甙和染料木甙及其丙二酰衍生物为主,叶片中主要含有染料木甙及其丙二酰衍生物,根中异黄酮组分以丙二酰大豆甙为主;异黄酮组分因品种不同显示出一定差异。 相似文献
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外源茉莉酸对大豆中异戊烯黄酮Glyceollins及其前体Glycinol累积的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以中黄13号大豆种子为材料,取生长8天的健康子叶,在其表面挖出约2×2mm的伤口,将50μl不同浓度的茉莉酸溶液和1mM的硝酸银溶液滴在伤口处,黑暗中(25℃)保温不同时间后取样,经甲醇提取,用高压液相色谱(HPLC)测定其中异戊烯化异黄酮glyceollins及其前体glycinol 的累积情况.结果显示,健康子叶中没有glyceollins和glycinol的累积,1mM硝酸银比茉莉酸具有更强的诱导glyceollins和glycinol累积的能力,glyceollins的累积与茉莉酸浓度呈负相关.在各种处理中,glyceollinⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ所占比例分别为:50%～80%、10%～40%和10%～20%,但是glyceollin三种异构体的比例随保温时间的延长而有所变化,glyceollin Ⅰ比例逐渐下降,glyceollin Ⅱ所占比例逐渐升高,在1mM硝酸银处理的子叶中表现更为明显. 相似文献
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大豆异黄酮的研究开发与利用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
近年来,西方膳食结构引起的肿瘤、心脑血管等疾病越来越受到关注,研究表明,膳食大豆异黄酮与癌症和冠心病的发病率密切相关,染料木素(Ｇｅｎｉｓｔｅｉｎ,Ｇ)和大豆甙元(Ｄａｉｄｚｉｅｉｎ,Ｄ),作为大豆异黄酮甙元成分,具有多种生理作用,应用价值很高。一、大豆异黄酮的来源、分布、组成及其影响因素大豆异黄酮主要分布于大豆种子的子叶和胚轴中,种皮含量极少。80%～90%异黄酮存在于子叶中,浓度约为01%～03%。胚轴中所含异黄酮种类较多且浓度较高,约为1%～2%,但由于胚只占种子总重量的2%,因此尽管浓度很高,所占比例却很少(10%～20%)。目前… 相似文献
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为促进苷元型异黄酮的开发和利用,采用光谱学手段研究大豆素/染料木素与大豆分离蛋白之间的作用机制.荧光和紫外光谱表明,大豆素/染料木素会使大豆分离蛋白色氨酸残基的微环境疏水性增强,造成蛋白质结构改变.大豆素/染料木素对大豆分离蛋白的猝灭机制为静态猝灭,主要作用力为范德华力和氢键,结合位点数为1;红外光谱表明,大豆素/染料木素的加入导致大豆分离蛋白的二级结构发生改变,随大豆素/染料木素质量浓度的增加,具体表现为,a-螺旋含量增多、β-折叠含量减少、β-转角含量增多,无规则卷曲含量增多.综合结果表明,染料木素与大豆分离蛋白的亲和力强于大豆素. 相似文献
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建立淡豆豉中多指标成分含量测定方法,采用HPLC法同时测定淡豆豉中大豆苷元和染料木素含量,UV法测定总异黄酮含量。色谱条件:Agilent HC-C18色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,5.0μm);甲醇-0.1%冰醋酸(50∶50)为流动相;流速1 mL.min-1;检测波长261 nm;柱温30℃;进样量10μL。紫外分光光度计采用261 nm波长测定淡豆豉提取液的吸光度值。结果表明:大豆苷元和染料木素色谱峰的分离度良好,淡豆豉中大豆苷元、染料木素的保留时间分别为9.79和14.87 min,峰面积积分值与进样量呈良好的线性(r>0.9999),平均回收率分别为98.90%和100.53%。总异黄酮含量测定线性范围为1.44～7.20μg.mL-1,平均回收率为102.26%。该法简便易行,能够用于评价淡豆豉质量。 相似文献
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野生大豆、黑豆和大豆的异黄酮类成分比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
野生大豆主产于中国,古时为珍贵药材,但现代将其作药用的研究较少。以同样种植条件下收获的野生大豆、黑豆和大豆为材料,用HPLC法、凯氏定氮法和索氏残渣法分别测定其大豆异黄酮、蛋白质和脂肪含量,以此比较野生大豆、黑豆和大豆的药用价值。结果表明：12种大豆异黄酮类组分的总含量大小顺序为：野生大豆〉黑豆〉大豆;野生大豆和黑豆中黄豆苷和染料木苷含量特别突出,而且其相应的苷元含量也较高,大豆中则是丙二酰基化的黄豆苷和丙二酰基化的染料木苷含量特别突出,而其相应的苷元组分含量极低;相关性分析表明三种大豆的不同品种,大豆异黄酮总含量与其百粒重和脂肪含量呈极显著负相关,但与蛋白质含量的相关性不显著。结果说明野生大豆的药用研究应受到重视。 相似文献
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通过比较在传统的淡豆豉(黑豆、黄豆)发酵工艺中加入人参后大豆异黄酮的含量变化,考察人参在淡豆豉发酵过程中对大豆异黄酮含量的影响。以大豆苷、染料木苷和染料木素为测定指标,采用高效液相色谱法进行含量测定。色谱柱为Agilent C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸(40∶60∶0.5);流速0.5 mL.min-1;检测波长260 nm。结果以黄豆为原料发酵的淡豆豉,加入人参后大豆苷和染料木素的含量显著升高,染料木苷显著降低;以黑豆为原料发酵的淡豆豉,加入人参后大豆苷的含量显著降低,染料木苷和染料木素的含量显著升高。因此,淡豆豉传统发酵工艺中加入人参后,大豆异黄酮含量变化因原料不同而异。 相似文献
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蚜虫取食和机械损伤对大豆真叶中异黄酮的诱导作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用高效液相色谱法,通过测定大豆真叶异黄酮含量的变化,探讨大豆蚜虫取食和机械损伤与大豆真叶异黄酮含量之间的化学诱导关系。结果表明:蚜虫取食诱导的异黄酮合成反应速度较快,而机械损伤处理诱导的异黄酮合成反应速度相对较慢;蚜虫取食引起大豆真叶内大豆黄素和染料木素苷元含量的同时增加,而机械损伤处理提高黄豆黄素苷元含量却降低了大豆黄素苷元含量;蚜虫取食能在相当长的时间内维持异黄酮含量的增加,而机械损伤处理只能在短时间内引起异黄酮含量的变化。因此,蚜虫取食和机械损伤处理所诱导的异黄酮含量变化的规律不同,蚜虫取食和机械损伤所诱导的大豆抗性不是完全对等的。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献