共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
大豆群体对氮、磷、钾的平衡吸收关系的研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
以蒙豆5号为供试品种,系统的研究了旱作大豆在不同密度、施肥量处理下,氮、磷、钾平衡吸收关系.结果表明:大豆一生中植株氮、磷、钾积累量间以及三要素与干物质积累量间均呈极显著的互线相关关系,每形成1kg干物质,需协调吸收氮素(N)0.026kg,磷素(P2O5)0.0022kg,钾素(K2O)0.0049kg;每吸收积累1kg氮素(N),需协调吸收积累磷素(P2O5)0.0845kg,钾素(K2O)0.1799kg.产量.2625kg以上旱作大豆群体,每生产100kg大豆子粒需N:6.12kg,P2O5:0.53kg,K2 O:1.10kg. 相似文献
2.
不同施氮水平对春玉米氮素吸收、转运及产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
采用田间试验研究吉林省中部玉米主产区不同氮水平对玉米产量、氮素吸收、转运及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥可以提高干物质最大积累速率和氮素最大吸收速率,并能提前干物质最大积累速率和氮素最大吸收速率出现的天数。在施N 60~180 kg/hm2之间,玉米产量、干物质最大积累速率、氮素最大吸收速率、转运量、转运率及子粒中养分比例等指标均有显著提高;超过N180 kg/hm2,干物质最大积累速率、氮素最大吸收速率、转运量、转运率及子粒中养分比例等指标开始下降。根据玉米产量(y)和施氮量(x)拟合得出,最高产量氮肥用量为184.2 kg/hm2,最佳经济产量氮肥用量为172.9 kg/hm2。氮素农学利用率、氮肥当季回收率及偏生产力随着氮肥用量的提高而显著降低。综合考虑提高玉米产量、效益和氮肥利用效率等方面的要求,在吉林省中部玉米主产区,适宜施氮量为172.9 kg/hm2。 相似文献
3.
4.
高产栽培下施氮水平对春玉米氮素吸收与利用的影响 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
以金山27为试验材料,采用田间试验的方法,研究高产栽培下施氮水平对春玉米氮素吸收与利用的影响。结果表明,玉米植株体内的氮含量总体上随施氮水平的提高而增加,氮的累积量随施氮水平的提高先升后降。在300 kg/hm2施氮水平下,生物产量、子粒产量和子粒中氮的分配比例均最大。氮生理效率以增氮(390 kg/hm2施氮处理)最低,氮素利用效率以减氮(210 kg/hm2施氮处理)最高,氮收获指数以300 kg/hm2施氮处理最大。与300 kg/hm2施氮处理相比,390 kg/hm2施氮处理导致氮生理利用率、氮肥效率和氮肥吸收效率下降;210 kg/hm2施氮处理的氮生理利用率、氮肥效率和氮肥吸收效率升高。氮肥利用率以施氮300 kg/hm2处理最高,增氮(390 kg/hm2处理)和农户传统高产施氮(270 kg/hm2施氮处理)均相对较低。在研究地区,高产玉米栽培适宜的施氮量为300 kg/hm2,其种肥、拔节肥、大喇叭口肥的比例为1∶3∶6。 相似文献
5.
不同施氮量对单季稻养分吸收及氨挥发损失的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以杂交晚粳浙优12为材料,研究了不同氮素用量对单季晚稻养分吸收和氨挥发损失的影响。结果表明,施氮量在0~330 kg/hm2范围内水稻植株氮积累量、磷积累量及钾积累量均表现为随施氮量的增加而增加,施氮水平超过270 kg/hm2后增施氮肥反而降低水稻对氮磷钾的吸收。施氮量在150 kg/hm2时增施有机肥有助于杂交粳稻浙优12对土壤中氮素、磷素以及钾素的吸收利用。水稻拔节期至抽穗期为吸氮量最大时期,施氮量在0~270 kg/hm2范围内杂交粳稻浙优12各生育期植株氮积累量随着施氮量增加而增加。相关分析表明,水稻产量与水稻植株全生育期氮积累量、磷积累量和钾积累量极显著正相关,其中,与水稻吸氮总量的相关系数最大。氨挥发速率、累计氨挥发量随施氮量的增加而增加,以施用基肥阶段氨挥发速率最快,累计氨挥发量最高。在基肥氮肥和分蘖肥氮肥施入后,高施肥水平(270 kg/hm2、330 kg/hm2)下氨挥发速率均远高于其他处理,其中,施氮量330 kg/hm2处理施基肥后测得的累计氨挥发量占基肥施氮量的23.9%。 相似文献
6.
以辽黑1号为材料,研究了不施底肥,而在开花期追施氮肥下,4种施氮水平对辽黑1号的产量以及氮、磷、钾积累分配规律的影响.结果表明:施氮不仅能增加干物质积累和产量,还有助于氮、磷、钾向籽粒中分配.在N1氮肥处理下的产量最高;N2氮肥处理时,黑豆植株积累的氮素最多.各施肥处理与对照相比,均有助于氮素向籽粒中分配,但以N1氮肥处理时向籽粒分配的最多.施氮处理对磷素吸收分配规律的影响与氮素相同.氮肥的施用有助于钾素向籽粒中分配,但各处理间差异不明显.建议生产上施纯氮45 kg·hm-2对产量有明显增加的作用. 相似文献
7.
氮素调控对吉林省东部高产玉米氮素积累分配规律及产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用田间小区试验,研究吉林省东部地区不同施氮量对高产春玉米氮素积累分配规律及产量的影响。结果表明,施氮量影响春玉米不同生育时期各生育器官氮素的阶段累积量,对累积趋势与分配规律无明显影响,不同处理对春玉米各器官氮积累量影响均表现为N300>N450>N150>N0,表明适宜的氮肥用量不仅能有效促进春玉米对氮素的吸收、累积,而且能显著提高生育后期子粒氮素的积累量,从而促进高产的形成。春玉米花前是大量累积氮素的时段,其积累量占吸收总量的67%~88%。各处理间子粒产量均达显著水平,随着施氮量增加,子粒产量呈先升高再降低的趋势。综合考虑产量、养分积累分配等因素,该地区高产田块春玉米的推荐施氮量为300~330 kg/hm2。 相似文献
8.
磷素施用对鲜食糯玉米养分积累分配和产量的影响 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
以苏玉糯5号和渝糯7号为试验材料,研究磷素施用(A:空白;B:一次性基施P2O575 kg/hm2;C:一次性基施P2O5150 kg/hm2;D:基施和拔节期追施P2O5各75 kg/hm2)对鲜食糯玉米产量、干物质和氮磷钾积累分配的影响。结果表明,穗粒数、子粒鲜重和干重随着磷素施用量增加均显著增加,鲜子粒产量升高,升幅D处理高于C处理。随着磷素施用量增加,植株干物质和氮磷钾积累量均显著升高,磷素施用量P2O5150 kg/hm2时,分次施用较一次性基施植株干物质量和氮、磷、钾积累量分别升高11.1%和16.2%、19.4%、34.5%。鲜食期植株干物质和磷素主要分配于子粒和茎秆,氮素主要分配于子粒和叶片,钾素主要分配于茎秆和叶片。逐步回归分析结果表明,苞叶中干物质分配比例较低、茎秆中氮素分配比例较高、叶片和子粒中磷素分配比例较高、叶片中钾素分配比例较高时有利于糯玉米鲜子粒高产。 相似文献
9.
施钾对春玉米产量、养分吸收及分配的影响 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6
通过连续两年田间试验,研究吉林省中部玉米主产区施钾对春玉米产量、养分吸收、转运、分配及钾肥利用率的影响。结果表明,施用钾肥可显著提高春玉米产量,在一定施钾范围内,春玉米产量随施钾量的增加而增加,当施钾量超过90 kg/hm2后产量不再增加,根据玉米产量(y)和施钾量(x)拟合,得出最佳施钾量为82.9~86.6 kg/hm2。施钾肥可提高干物质最大积累速率和积累总量、养分最大吸收速率和吸收总量,提前干物质最大积累速率和养分最大吸收速率出现的时间。施钾可提高春玉米氮、磷、钾养分向子粒的转运量及转运率,施钾量30~90 kg/hm2范围内抽雄期养分积累量与子粒转运量和转运率呈正比,当施钾量超过90 kg/hm2后,氮、磷、钾养分转运出现负效应。钾素农学利用率和偏生产力随着施钾量的增加而下降,钾肥当季回收率以施钾量90 kg/hm2处理最高。在吉林省中部玉米主产区,适宜施钾量为82.9~86.6 kg/hm2。 相似文献
10.
缓释氮肥减量配施和株距对机插杂交籼稻氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
11.
D. Wilman 《Grass and Forage Science》1975,30(2):141-147
This paper describes the regrowth of Italian ryegrass, following a cut in late April, measured by recording DM yields at weekly intervals up to 14 weeks. There were 4 levels of applied N: 25, 75, 125 and 175 Ib/ac (28, 84, 140 and 196 kg/ha). Rate of growth up to 10 weeks was compared with that recorded in similar experiments in Cambridge in earlier years and was found to be generally similar. The highest yields of DM and digestible organic matter were recorded after 11 weeks; beyond this stage there was a fall in yield. There was a large response to 75 Ib N compared with 25, a moderate response to 125 Ib compared with 75 (greater during the last 7 weeks than during the first 7 weeks), and little response to 175 Ib compared with 125. The time-saving value of N is noted. DM content was appreciably lower than in Cambridge, apparently because of both surface and internal moisture, but showed similar trends. In some of the early weeks, especially at high N, the crop appeared to be supplying water well in excess of livestock needs. In vitro digestibility was much affected by stage of growth and little affected by level of N. 相似文献
12.
D. Wilman 《Grass and Forage Science》1975,30(3):243-249
In an experiment, described earlier (19) to study the regrowth of Italian ryegrass following a cut in late April, the N and nitrate-N content of herbage at 3 levels of applied N followed a similar pattern to that noted in earlier years in Cambridge. N content, however, did not fall to such a low level as in Cambridge. N yield fell later and less quickly than in Cambridge. The application of a very high level of N, 175 lb/ac (196 kg/ha), raised N and nitrate-N content and yield from the second or third week onwards. Changes with time in P and K content and yield were broadly similar to those for N. Level of N had only a small effect on content of P and K. Following the period of increase in yield of N, P and K, there was a period of about 6 weeks of relatively constant yield, followed by a fall. The content of N, P and K in fresh, rather than dry, herbage changed little with time from the fourth to the fourteenth week, despite major changes in crop maturity. The ratio P: K was little affected by level of N or time of harvest. 相似文献
13.
14.
不同氮肥用量下镁对大豆碳氮代谢的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验采用框栽法,在N50kg/hm2,N75kg/hm2两个水平下施用MgO15kg/hm2,测定了大豆叶片可溶性蛋白、含氮量、可溶性糖、淀粉、植株酰脲以及产量和籽粒蛋白含量.结果表明,与N50相比,N50 Mg的产量增加了12.95%,但差异不显著;与N75相比,N75 Mg的各指标在各时期都有所增加,并达到了差异显著水平.其中可溶性蛋白含量在V4和R2期分别增加了68.04%和52.07%;酰脲含量在R2、R4、R6期分别增加了75.47%、21.04%和46.39%;淀粉含量在R4、R6期分别增加了59.34%和99.02%;产量和籽粒蛋白含量分别增加了28.67%和3.43%.与N50相比,N75的可溶性蛋白含量在V4、R2、R4期分别增加了36.67%、65.90%和19.70%,但酰脲含量在生殖生长期降低,淀粉含量在R4、R6期分别降低了22.34%和18.21%;而N75 Mg的酰脲含量比N50在R2、R4、R6期分别增加了59.81%、8.47%和25.67%,淀粉含量在R4、R6期也分别增加了23.60%和62.78%,差异显著,产量和籽粒蛋白含量各增加了34.38%,2.93%,均达到了5%的显著水平.这些结果表明,在较高氮肥用量下施用适量的镁可协调碳氮代谢平衡,促进光合产物向碳氮方向合理分配,实现优质高产. 相似文献
15.
Under mowing conditions in the absence of the animal, ultra-simple swards based either on ryegrass or cocksfoot gave large increases in yield of dry matter and nitrogen from the inclusion of white clover in the seeds mixture. Raising the clover seed rate from 1 to 3 lb./acre gave a further response in yield.
As the swards aged, the continuing effect of increased clover seed rate was dependent on applied nitrogen.
The rate of transference of nitrogen from clover to the soil depended upon the species of the associated grass, the clover seed rate, the age of the sward and the degree of reduction of the clover in the sward.
Suppression of clover led to an increase in soil nitrogen, particularly with high seed rates of clover.
Dry matter response to applied nitrogen (69 lb./acre/annum) was greater in cocksfoot than in ryegrass. Fertilizer nitrogen had little effect on the yield of nitrogen from the sward except where the high seed rate of clover had been used. 相似文献
As the swards aged, the continuing effect of increased clover seed rate was dependent on applied nitrogen.
The rate of transference of nitrogen from clover to the soil depended upon the species of the associated grass, the clover seed rate, the age of the sward and the degree of reduction of the clover in the sward.
Suppression of clover led to an increase in soil nitrogen, particularly with high seed rates of clover.
Dry matter response to applied nitrogen (69 lb./acre/annum) was greater in cocksfoot than in ryegrass. Fertilizer nitrogen had little effect on the yield of nitrogen from the sward except where the high seed rate of clover had been used. 相似文献
16.
I. V. Hunt 《Grass and Forage Science》1973,28(2):109-118
Regression equations have been calculated for the primary growth of a ryegrass sward as FM (fresh matter), DM, DOM and for uptake of N, K, P, Ca, Na and Mg after application of 59,118 or 177 kg fertilizer N/ha on 16 Apr. These have been used to predict changes in response with time, the responses in terms of time, the dates when specific yields of DM are attained, the different characteristics of herbages at specified yields of DM and the effects of changing harvesting interval on annual DM yield and uptake of minerals. DM and DOM show significant responses to 118 kg N/ha but no response to the next increment throughout the 57-day growth period. All other attrihutes, including FM, showed responses to 177 kg N/ha. Calculated response as days gained suggest that for short-interval grazing systems the use of even 118 kg N/ha is questionable. The reduction in annual DM production and the increase in N uptake when growth intervals are shortened are related to the form of their growth curves. 相似文献
17.
I. V. Hunt 《Grass and Forage Science》1974,29(3):225-231
Data are presented demonstrating the effects of applying fertilizer N at 59, 118 or 177 kg/ha on 16 Apr. on uptake of K, P. Ca, Mg and Na in primary growth (PG) harvested 8, 12, 16, 23, 29, 45 and 57 days afterwards, and residual effects in two successive regrowths (RG1 and RG2) harvested on 12 June and 13 Aug., respectively. Significant residual responses as uptake of K, P, Ca, Mg and Na were shown in RG1 and RG2 after all dates of harvesting PG. The residual responses compensated for poor uptake in PG. Thus, low uptakes to the second increment of N were followed by high residual responses in both regrowths; and low uptakes in PG harvested shortly after applying the fertilizer N were followed by high residual responses. Averaged over the seven dates of PG harvest, the sum of responses (PG+RG1+RG2) to the second N increment was greater than total response to the first increment in P and Mg, considerably greater in Ca and Na and slightly lower in K. These marked residual responses to the second N increment were most noticeable where PG was harvested 23 days after applying fertilizer N and became less marked as date of PG harvest was advanced. Percentage K, P, Ca, Mg and Na in DM of the PG and of RG1 increased as N application was raised. By RG2, the residual effects of fertilizer N on percentage K. P and Mg were reversed to give reduced percentages with increased N application to PG. indicative of deficiencies in availability of these elements. The application of 177 kg N/ha to PG resulted in the release of additional soil N and of other mineral elements which could lead to their depletion. 相似文献
18.
I. V. Hunt 《Grass and Forage Science》1973,28(4):257-262
The residual effects of 59, 118 or 177 kg N/ha applied to the primary growth of a ryegrass sward were measured in two successive regrowths as yields of fresh matter (FM), DM and digestible organic matter (DOM). The first regrowths (RGl) harvested on 12 June followed primary growth (PG) harvests 8, 12, 16, 23, 29, 45 and 57 days after applying N on 16 Apr. The second regrowths (RG2) were harvested on 12 Aug., 62 days after RGl and 119 days after applying N. Significant residual responses were shown in both regrowths which increased the annual responses substantially. Responses to the first increment of N, averaged over dates of primary growth harvests, were raised from 70.3 kg FM, 9.2 kg DM, and 5.6 kg digestible OM/kg N applied, for the primary growth, to responses for primary growth+2 regrowths of 140.8 kg FM, 22.5 kg DM and 13.9 kg digestible OM/kg N applied. For the second increment of N, negligible or negative primary growth responses of 19.0 kg FM, –0.68 kg DM and –0.68 kg digestible OM/kg N applied became 179.7 kg FM, 25.6 kg DM and 16.4 kg digestible OM/kg N applied for the sum of the 3 growths. There were significant differences between the residual responses obtained for different dates of PG harvest. When PG was harvested 8 days after applying N, primary response was low or negligible; residual responses were high, and the total responses were 21.0 kg DM/kg N applied for the first N increment and 31.0 kg DM/kg N applied for the second. Similar effects were observed for FM and digestible OM. Residual responses to the second increment of N were greatest where primary growth was harvested 23 days after N application. Similar residual responses followed the primary growth harvest 29, 45 and 57 days after N application hut the total responses were reduced. It is concluded that the very high residual responses to the second increment of N can only he explained in terms of increased availability of soil N. 相似文献
19.
在田间条件下,以12个不同来源大豆品种为试验材料,采用二因素裂区设计,研究了不同大豆品种间叶片氮代谢相关指标的差异,以及氮素对叶片氮代谢相关指标的影响.结果表明:氮肥处理对不同来源大豆品种叶片氮代谢指标影响不同,不同生育时期大豆对氮肥的反应也有所差别.施肥处理会降低开花期辽宁当代品种叶片的谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性;中等肥力处理(100 kg hm-2)会提高结荚期俄亥俄当代品种叶片的GS活性,而高肥处理则会降低该酶的活性;辽宁当代品种和辽宁老品种叶片GS活性随着施氮量的提高而降低.在鼓粒期,中等肥力处理会提高俄亥俄当代品种和辽宁当代品种叶片的GS活性,而施肥处理会降低辽宁老品种的GS活性.在开花期,三组不同来源品种叶片的硝态氮含量均随着施氮水平的提高而增加.施肥处理能显著提高叶片的氨态氮含量. 相似文献