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1.
王敏  王新溪  王圣印 《植物保护》2023,49(1):278-284
入侵害虫橘小实蝇严重为害蔬菜、花卉、水果等经济作物,目前在田间常使用杀虫剂进行防治。为探索甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)防控橘小实蝇的抗性风险,采用药膜法测定了橘小实蝇抗甲维盐种群(EB)对8种杀虫剂的交互抗性水平,并测定了橘小实蝇EB种群、金华田间种群(JH)和敏感种群(S)的解毒酶活性。历经33代筛选,橘小实蝇EB种群对甲维盐产生了43.4倍的中等水平抗性,对阿维菌素存在中等水平交互抗性,对吡虫啉、辛硫磷、马拉硫磷存在低水平交互抗性,对噻虫胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯、多杀霉素和虫螨腈未表现出交互抗性。胡椒基丁醚(PBO)、磷酸三苯酯(TPP)和顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)均可显著提高甲维盐对橘小实蝇EB种群、JH种群和S种群的室内毒力。橘小实蝇EB种群细胞色素P450(3.9倍)和b5含量(3.3倍)、O-脱甲基酶活性(4.2倍)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性(2.7倍)、羧酸酯酶活性(3.2倍)显著高于S种群。多功能氧化酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、羧酸酯酶活性显著增强可能是橘小实蝇对甲维盐产生高水平抗性的重要机制。  相似文献   

2.
为了解西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)对甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的抗性风险,采用生物和生化测定方法研究了西花蓟马甲维盐抗性种群与其它杀虫剂的交互抗性和生化抗性机制。西花蓟马甲维盐抗性种群对阿维菌素有高水平交互抗性,抗性倍数为31.656,对啶虫脒有中等水平交互抗性,为12.182,对吡虫啉、溴虫腈、氯氟氰菊酯、毒死蜱和灭多威有低水平交互抗性,为5.517~8.568,而对多杀菌素无明显交互抗性。增效剂胡椒基丁醚(PBO)、马来酸二乙酯(DEM)、三丁基三硫磷酸酯(DEF)和磷酸三苯酯(TPP)对甲维盐抗性种群和田间种群均有显著增效作用。甲维盐抗性种群多功能氧化酶细胞色素P450和b5含量、O-脱甲基酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和羧酸酯酶活性均显著提高,分别为敏感种群的3.89、3.61、5.32、4.42和1.30倍,表明多功能氧化酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和羧酸酯酶等解毒代谢酶活性的提高是西花蓟马对甲维盐产生抗性的重要机制。  相似文献   

3.
采用浸叶法在室内测定了采自中国陕西省（陕）长安区、华阴县、三原县、兴平市和山西省（晋）太谷县5个地区的粘虫田间种群对6种常用杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明:5个地区粘虫种群对甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（以下简称甲维盐）均表现为敏感,抗性倍数（RR）为0.6~1.6;对氯虫苯甲酰胺和高效氯氰菊酯为敏感至低水平抗性,RR为0~6.2;对高效氯氟氰菊酯和毒死蜱为敏感至中等水平抗性,RR为0.1~32.8;对辛硫磷,除陕西省三原县种群表现为敏感外,其他4个种群均表现为中等至高水平抗性,RR为19.4~70.1。药剂毒力相关性分析表明,毒死蜱和甲维盐之间存在显著相关性,氯虫苯甲酰胺与甲维盐、毒死蜱及辛硫磷之间不存在明显的相关性。因此陕晋两省上述地区的粘虫防治推荐选用甲维盐、氯虫苯甲酰胺和高效氯氰菊酯,同时应注意将氯虫苯甲酰胺和甲维盐、毒死蜱等轮换使用,以延缓抗药性的产生和发展。  相似文献   

4.
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)和虱螨脲是目前生产上防治草地贪夜蛾的主要杀虫剂,为评估其抗性风险,以福建省草地贪夜蛾田间种群为研究对象,在实验室抗性汰选品系选育基础上,采用数量遗传学域性状分析法并结合交互抗性测定,进行草地贪夜蛾对上述两种杀虫剂的抗性风险评估。结果表明：非连续汰选11代和10代后,草地贪夜蛾对甲维盐(F11)和虱螨脲(F10)的抗性倍数分别达30.57倍和11.35倍;抗性现实遗传力分别为0.403和0.555,且前半段筛选的抗性遗传力都远大于后半段;药剂在室内对草地贪夜蛾致死率为50%～90%时,对甲维盐和虱螨脲抗性倍数上升10倍需要汰选8～15代和6～12代。交互抗性测定显示,甲维盐汰选品系对氯虫苯甲酰胺、虱螨脲、虫螨腈无交互抗性,对茚虫威和乙基多杀菌素存在一定交互抗性。虱螨脲汰选品系对氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲维盐、茚虫威、虫螨腈和乙基多杀菌素均无交互抗性。结果表明：草地贪夜蛾对甲维盐和虱螨脲存在快速产生抗性的风险,但可通过与无交互抗性药剂轮用来延缓抗性发展。  相似文献   

5.
双唑草酮为中国创制的新型对羟基苯基丙酮酸双氧化酶(HPPD)抑制剂类除草剂,已于2018年取得中国农药登记。为了测定其对麦田抗性杂草荠菜的除草效果,共采集了36个荠菜种群,其中1个敏感种群采自未施用过除草剂的路边,其他35个疑似抗性种群均采自于中国苯磺隆使用历史超过20年的冬小麦田。在温室中采用整株盆栽法测定了荠菜种群对双唑草酮、苯磺隆、双氟磺草胺、甲基二磺隆、唑草酮和2甲4氯的抗性水平。结果表明,有28个种群对苯磺隆产生了抗性,其中种群K16009、K17005、15053和17003表现出高水平抗性。这4个种群对其他除草剂的交互抗性检测试验表明:种群K16009、K17005和15053对双氟磺草胺和甲基二磺隆表现出高水平交互抗性,其抗性指数范围为25-321,其GR50值远高于供试药剂登记的田间推荐剂量;而上述4个抗性种群对双唑草酮、唑草酮和2甲4氯均较为敏感,其GR50值均低于供试药剂登记的田间推荐剂量。唑草酮和2甲4氯也可用于小麦田抗性荠菜种群的防治,但该类药剂对施药时间要求较为严格。本研究结果表明,双唑草酮可有效防除对乙酰羟基酸合成酶（AHAS）类除草剂已经产生抗性的荠菜。  相似文献   

6.
梨小食心虫是为害我国北方地区果树生产的重要害虫，为明确甘肃地区梨小食心虫种群对常用杀虫剂的抗性水平，采用浸卵法测定了甘肃3个地区梨小食心虫田间种群对8种杀虫剂的敏感性，并分析了其抗药性状况。结果表明，梨小食心虫田间种群对乙基多杀菌素表现为中等水平抗性[抗性倍数(RR =10.24~14.27)]，对溴氰菊酯表现为低至中等水平抗性(RR =8.85~11.44)，对高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯虫苯甲酰胺和螺虫乙酯均表现出中等水平抗性(RR =18.89~86.62)，对阿维菌素、甲维盐和茚虫威均基本表现为高水平抗性(RR = 99.82~189.81)。研究结果可为果园科学合理用药防控梨小食心虫提供科学依据。  相似文献   

7.
为明确吡唑醚菌酯对福建省草莓炭疽病菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides的防治潜力和应用前景,采用室内生测法测定草莓炭疽病菌对该菌剂的敏感性及其与6种不同杀菌剂之间的交互抗性。结果显示,吡唑醚菌酯对福建省5个地区分离的62株草莓炭疽菌菌株的EC50介于0.086～0.879μg/mL之间,总变异系数为10.24,且符合正态分布,以其平均值0.363μg/mL为敏感基线的菌株抗性比值均低于5;此外,吡唑醚菌酯EC50与多菌灵、戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、咪酰胺、咯菌腈、甲基硫菌灵的EC50间不存在显著相关性。表明福建省不同地区草莓炭疽病菌群体对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性虽存在一定变异,但仍均较敏感;吡唑醚菌酯与其他6种杀菌剂间不存在交互抗性,可用于防控草莓炭疽病。  相似文献   

8.
为明确新疆棉田杂草龙葵对二甲戊灵的抗性水平及对其他常用土壤处理型除草剂的多抗性,本研究分别采用培养皿种子检测法和整株植物检测法,测定了采自新疆不同地区的56个龙葵种群对二甲戊灵的抗性,比较了两种检测方法的差异;依据整株植物检测法的结果,分别选取敏感 (SHZ-8)、中抗 (CJ-2)及高抗 (BL-1) 3个种群,测定了其对扑草净、乙氧氟草醚和丙炔氟草胺的多抗性。结果表明:两种方法检测结果的抗性趋势一致,新疆龙葵对二甲戊灵的整体抗性水平为北疆 > 南疆、东疆,但培养皿种子检测法的抗性指数普遍低于整株植物检测法。培养皿检测法的敏感、低抗、中抗和高抗种群分别占总数的12.5%、71.4%、12.5%和3.6%,整株检测法中该指标分别为5.4%、73.2%、16.0%和5.4%;两种方法检测结果均表明,新疆棉田龙葵对二甲戊灵大多为低到中抗水平。相较于敏感种群SHZ-8,BL-1种群在两种检测方法中相对抗性均最高:培养皿种子检测法的GR50值为90.30 mg/L,抗性指数为20.62;整株植物检测法的GR50值为4805 g/hm2,抗性指数为26.20。多抗性研究发现,BL-1种群对丙炔氟草胺产生了多抗性,而WJQ-2种群对乙氧氟草醚、丙炔氟草胺和扑草净均未产生多抗性。  相似文献   

9.
使用苏云金芽胞杆菌库斯塔克亚种（Btk）可湿性粉剂对小菜蛾进行继代汰选获得F80代和F100代抗性品系。通过分别测定Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1Ah和Cry1Ca四种杀虫晶体蛋白对小菜蛾Btk抗性品系F80代和F100代的室内毒力,明确了小菜蛾Btk抗性品系对四种Bt杀虫晶体蛋白抗性发展规律。研究结果表明,汰选至F80代时,Cry1Ca对小菜蛾的毒力最高,LC50约12.1 mg/L,其次为Cry1Ac,LC50约47.7 mg/L;而汰选至F100代时,仍以Cry1Ca对小菜蛾的毒力最高,LC50约21.4 mg/L,其次为Cry1Ab,LC50约72.2 mg/L。与相对敏感品系相比,小菜蛾抗性品系对Cry1Ac的抗性发展较快（抗性倍数高达67.3～106.8倍）,对Cry1Ab的次之（抗性倍数高达60.0～66.1倍）,而对Cry1Ca和Cry1Ah的抗性发展较慢（抗性倍数分别为3.4～6.0倍和1.6～2.5倍）。以上结果说明,在主效杀虫基因为Cry1Ac的Btk药剂选择压力下,小菜蛾对四种Bt杀虫晶体蛋白的抗性发展速度差异较大,且Cry1Ac和Cry1Ab存在交互抗性风险。  相似文献   

10.
为明确苏云金芽胞杆菌JQD117对韭蛆幼虫蛋白酶和解毒酶活性的影响,测定比较了感染Bt后幼虫体内胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和羧酸酯酶的活性。首先采用室内生物活性测定方法明确了菌株JQD117对韭蛆3龄幼虫72 h的LC50为2.8070×107cfu/mL,然后采用10×LC50、1×LC50和0.1×LC50三个浓度饲喂感染韭蛆幼虫,定期取样测定韭蛆体内5种酶活性,结果表明以较高浓度（1×LC50和10×LC50）感染韭蛆幼虫后体内蛋白酶和解毒酶活性变化较大,而以低浓度（0.1×LC50）感染韭蛆幼虫后体内蛋白酶活性变化较小。其中,以1×LC50和10×LC50浓度感染韭蛆幼虫后,胰蛋白酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性在24~36 h和6~60 h与对照相比均显著升高;类胰凝乳蛋白酶和羧酸酯酶活性在6~60 h与对照相比均受到显著抑制。以0.1×LC50浓度感染韭蛆幼虫后,胰蛋白酶活性只在36 h时与对照相比显著升高;乙酰胆碱酯酶活性在12~48 h时与对照相比显著升高;羧酸酯酶活性只在6 h与对照相比受到显著抑制;类胰凝乳蛋白酶活性与对照相比均无显著变化。谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性在三种感染浓度下与对照相比均无显著变化。可见,感染JQD117对韭蛆体内蛋白酶和解毒酶活性均产生了不同程度的影响,且随感染浓度的升高而增强,扰乱了韭蛆正常的生理代谢和对外源毒素的分解,本文为Bt防治韭蛆应用和开发提供了理论指导。  相似文献   

11.
BACKGROUND: The onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, is a major pest of several crop plants in the genus Allium, such as onions, garlic and chives. In Israel, these crops are grown in open fields and in protected housing. This thrips is usually controlled by the application of chemical insecticides. In recent years, spinosad, emamectin benzoate and carbosulfan have been the major insecticides used for the control of the onion thrips. In the last 4 years, growers of chives and green onion from several regions of Israel have reported a significant decrease in the efficacy of insecticides used to control the onion thrips. RESULTS: The susceptibility of 14 populations of the onion thrips, collected mainly from chives between the years 2007 and 2011, to spinosad, emamectin benzoate and carbosulfan was tested using a laboratory bioassay. The majority of the populations showed significant levels of resistance to at least one of the insecticides. LC50 values calculated for two of the studied populations showed that the resistance factor for spinosad compared with the susceptible population is 21 393, for carbosulfan 54 and for emamectin benzoate 36. Only two populations, collected from organic farms, were susceptible to the insecticides tested. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a high resistance level to spinosad, the major insecticide used to control the onion thrips. Resistance cases to spinosad were associated with failures to control the pest. Populations resistant to spinosad also had partial or complete resistance to other insecticides used for controlling the onion thrips. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

12.
BACKGROUND: Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri, is a major pest of citrus because it vectors the putative causal agent of huanglongbing disease. Insecticides are currently the basis of psyllid management programs, and the number of annual insecticide applications has increased significantly. In this paper, a series of investigations of insecticide resistance among field populations of adult and immature ACP in Florida is described. RESULTS: In 2009, the highest level of resistance for adult ACP, as compared with the laboratory susceptible (LS) population, was found with imidacloprid with an LD50 resistance ratio (RR50) of 35 in one population. This was followed by chlorpyriphos (RR50 = 17.9, 13.3, 11.8 and 6.9), thiamethoxam (RR50 = 15 and 13), malathion (RR50 = 5.4 and 5.0) and fenpropathrin (RR50 = 4.8). In 2010, mortality of adults from all five sites sampled was lower than with the LS population at three diagnostic concentrations of each insecticide tested. Among nymph populations, indications of resistance were observed with carbaryl (RR50 = 2.9), chlorpyriphos (RR50 = 3.2), imidacloprid (RR50 = 2.3 and 3.9) and spinetoram (RR50 = 4.8 and 5.9). General esterase, glutathione S‐transferase and monooxygenase levels were also elevated in field‐collected adult and nymph ACP as compared with the LS population. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that varying levels of insecticide susceptibility exist in ACP populations across the citrus‐growing areas of Florida. Increased levels of detoxifying enzymes in these populations may partially explain these differences. The present results indicate that insecticide resistance may become an emerging problem for ACP control if effective resistance management is not practiced. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

13.
北京地区粘虫对5种杀虫剂的抗药性   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
采用浸叶法测定了北京地区6个粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)田间种群对5种不同类型杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明:与相对敏感品系相比,6个田间种群对5种杀虫剂均表现出不同程度的抗性水平。其中,对氯虫苯甲酰胺(抗性倍数为1.314~4.213)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(抗性倍数为1.000~4.385)和毒死蜱(抗性倍数为1.083~5.936)表现为敏感至低水平抗性;对虫螨腈(抗性倍数为1.355~20.80)和氯氟氰菊酯(抗性倍数为1.748~13.98)表现为敏感至中等水平抗性。因此,北京地区的粘虫防治应注重将氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和毒死蜱与虫螨腈或氯氟氰菊酯交替或轮换使用,以延缓抗药性的产生与发展。  相似文献   

14.
为明确广东省水稻田杂草稗Echinochloa crus-galli对五氟磺草胺的抗性现状及其可能的抗性机理,采用整株剂量反应法测定不同地区稗种群对五氟磺草胺的抗性水平,对不同稗种群的乙酰乳酸合成酶（acetolactate synthase,ALS）基因片段进行扩增测序,分析细胞色素P450酶（cytochrome P450 monooxygenase,P450）和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（glutathione-S-transferase,GST）抑制剂胡椒基丁醚（piperonylbutoxide,PBO）和4-氯-7-硝基-2,1,3-苯并氧杂噁二唑（4-chloro-7-nitro-1,2,3-benzoxadiazole,NBD-Cl）对不同稗种群抗性水平的影响,并对替代药剂进行筛选。结果显示,广东省水稻田多数稗种群对五氟磺草胺仍表现敏感,但采自湛江市的1个种群BC-7对五氟磺草胺产生了抗性,抗性倍数达6.5倍。与敏感种群BC-2相比,BC-7种群并未发生已报道的ALS靶标抗性相关突变。PBO和NBD-Cl均可显著提高BC-7种群对五氟磺草胺的敏感性,其干重抑制中量GR50由31.1 g/hm2分别降为11.0 g/hm2和24.7 g/hm2。BC-7种群对氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺仍较敏感,但对二氯喹啉酸和双草醚产生了抗性。表明P450和GST介导的代谢抗性是稗BC-7种群产生抗性的重要原因,氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺适用于治理该抗性种群。  相似文献   

15.
Comparisons with standard susceptible insects showed that a strain of Tribolium castaneum, with a specific resistance to malathion and its carboxylic ester analogues, had no cross-resistance to topical applications of natural pyrethrins. Another strain of T. castaneum, showing resistance to many organophosphorus (OP) insecticides, was cross-resistant to pyrethrins ( × 34) and eight synthetic pyrethroids also applied topically; least cross-resistance occurred with resmethrin ( × 2.2), bioresmethrin ( × 3.3) and phenothrin ( × 4.0). Generally larger resistance factors were recorded with formulations synergised by piperonyl butoxide (PB). The greatest cross-resistance encountered was with unsynergised tetramethrin ( × 338). Apart from tetramethrin, factors of synergism did not exceed 5.7 with either the susceptible or multi-OP resistant strains. PB antagonised six of the nine pyrethroids against the multi-OP resistant strain. Antagonism also occurred with two of these six, permethrin (cis: trans ratio 1:3) and 5-prop-2-ynylfurfuryl ( 1RS)-cis,trans-chrysanthemate (‘Prothrin’), against the susceptible strain. Considering only formulations without the synergist, the most effective compounds against the susceptible strain, relative to pyrethrins, were bioresmethrin (2.7) and permethrin (2.4). Similarly with the multi-OP resistant strain the most effective compounds were bioresmethrin (28), resmethrin (14) and permethrin (6.6). Thus the LD50 (the dose required to kill 50% of the test species) for bioresmethrin against the resistant strain (0.14 μg) only slightly exceeded the LD50 for pyrethrins against the susceptible strain (0.12 μg).  相似文献   

16.
The common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, is the most damaging pest of pistachio in Iran, and is generally controlled by insecticides belonging to various classes especially, phosalone. The toxicity of phosalone in nine populations of the pest was assayed using the residual contact vial and insect-dip methods. The bioassay results showed significant discrepancy in susceptibility to phosalone among the populations. Resistance ratio of the populations to the susceptible population ranged from 3.3 to 11.3. The synergistic effects of TPP, PBO and DEM were evaluated on the susceptible and the most resistant population to determine the involvement of esterases, mixed function oxidases and glutathione S-transferases in resistance mechanisms, respectively. The level of resistance to phosalone in the resistant population was suppressed by TPP, PBO and DEM, suggesting that the resistance to phosalone is mainly caused by esterase detoxification. Biochemical enzyme assays revealed that esterase, glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities in the resistant population was higher than that in the susceptible. Glutathione-S-transferases play a minor role in the resistance of the pest to phosalone.  相似文献   

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