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1.
为探究食盐对鸡汤品质和挥发性风味物质的影响,以武定鸡与狄高鸡杂交系F1为研究对象,采用料水比1:3、炖煮时间2 h进行炖煮鸡汤,通过顶空固相微萃取(SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)方法检测不同食盐添加量对鸡汤中挥发性风味物质的影响。结果表明,随着食盐添加量的增加,鸡汤风味成分增多,其中,鸡汤中含量较高的挥发性风味物质主要为醛类物质和醇类物质,醛类物质主要为己醛、庚醛、壬醛、2-庚烯醛、正辛醛、反式-2-辛烯酸等,醇类物质主要为正辛醇和庚醇。感官评价结果显示,当食盐添加量为2%时,鸡汤感官评分最高,且挥发性风味物质组成较为丰富。因此,当料水比1:3,炖煮2 h,食盐添加量为2%时,鸡汤的品质和食用最佳。本研究结果为探究食盐对鸡汤产品的挥发性成分提供了研究方法和科学依据。  相似文献   

2.
采用超临界CO2技术萃取烘烤花生中挥发性物质,用固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用(SPME-GC-MS)技术鉴定萃取物的风味组分,并将样品偏差值和感官评价相结合,评价萃取物香气协调性变化,综合进行萃取条件的优化,以建立一种烘烤花生风味物质的提取方法.结果显示,萃取压力25MPa,萃取温度55℃,萃取时间120min;超临界CO2萃取能萃取出烘烤花生中近85％的挥发性风味组分,该条件下超临界CO2萃取物风味轮廓感官上与烘烤花生原始风味接近.采用样品偏差值可以定量评价超临界萃取烘烤花生中风味物质香气协调性的变化.  相似文献   

3.
为了研究优质地方鸡种瓢鸡和盐津乌骨鸡不同部位的主体风味成分,以300日龄瓢鸡和盐津乌骨鸡的胸肌和腿肌作为试验对象,利用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)技术提取,采用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分离和鉴定鸡肉中的挥发性物质,结合相对活度值(ROAV)确定主体风味活性物质。结果表明,鸡肉样品中共检出76种挥发性化合物,主要包括醛类、醇类、酮类、酯类、酸类、烃类化合物,不同品种不同部位之间挥发性风味物质的组分和含量存在差异。瓢鸡主体风味物质由2-甲基丁醛、戊醛、己醛、庚醛、辛醛、反-2-辛烯醛、壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、辛烷构成;盐津乌骨鸡主体风味物质主要由2-甲基丁醛、己醛、壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇构成。主体风味物质对不同部位不同品种鸡肉样品的贡献程度不同,其中醛类化合物对鸡肉的整体风味贡献最大。本研究结果为瓢鸡和盐津乌骨鸡的风味特性研究和开发利用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

4.
为探究竹叶黄酮联合电子束辐照处理对鳗鱼鲞挥发性风味物质形成的作用,本试验对比了传统道地工艺鳗鱼鲞、工厂工艺鳗鱼鲞和竹叶黄酮联合电子束辐照处理工艺鳗鱼鲞的感官品质和挥发性风味物质。结果表明,0.25%竹叶黄酮联合6 kGy电子束辐照处理后鳗鱼鲞的感官评价在气味、滋味、组织状态、色泽及质地方面与传统加工方式较为接近;鳗鱼鲞的挥发性化合物以烃类、醛类和醇类为主,1-戊烯-3-醇、2,7-辛二烯-1-醇、壬醛、戊醛、癸醛等化合物对鳗鱼鲞总体风味形成有重要贡献;添加低剂量的竹叶黄酮在抑制鳗鱼鲞脂肪氧化的同时基本不会对鳗鱼鲞的风味造成影响,而电子束辐照在一定程度上会促进鳗鱼鲞风味物质的增加,且辐照剂量越大,化合物含量越高。综合考虑,采取0.25%竹叶黄酮联合6 kGy电子束辐照处理鳗鱼鲞较合适,可使鳗鱼鲞的风味接近传统加工方式。本研究结果为鳗鱼鲞的新型工艺研发提供了参考。  相似文献   

5.
为研究不同类型的生鲜鸡加工的白切鸡在风味方面的差异,探讨能否用冷鲜鸡、冷冻鸡替代热鲜鸡制作白切鸡,以热鲜(约15℃)、冷鲜(0~4℃)和冷冻(-18℃)3种不同类型的雪山黄母鸡胴体为原料,进行不同处理后用传统制作工艺加工成白切鸡,通过测定处理后白切鸡的挥发性风味物质、pH值、有机酸含量、呈味核苷酸含量和游离氨基酸含量等研究其风味差异。结果表明,冷鲜4个处理组与热鲜2 h组、热鲜4 h组的肌苷酸(IMP)、总游离氨基酸含量无显著差异,但重要挥发性风味物质(如醛类)和丁二酸含量高于热鲜2 h组和热鲜4 h组;热鲜1 h组的IMP含量显著高于冷鲜处理组(P<0.05),但其重要挥发性风味物质含量低于大部分冷鲜组;冷冻60 d组和冷冻90 d组除己醛含量显著高于其他处理组,其他挥发性风味物质、滋味物质含量均较低。综上,冷鲜鸡和短期冷冻鸡在总体上可以替代热鲜鸡制作白切鸡,这为白切鸡工业化生产发展提供了理论支持。  相似文献   

6.
为探究雪梨莲子银耳羹的最优工艺,研究了熬煮时间、藕粉添加量、莲子添加量和雪梨添加量对感官评分的影响,并结合遗传算法优化反向传播（GA-BP）神经网络和遗传算法（GA）得出雪梨莲子银耳羹的最优工艺条件,从而建立雪梨莲子银耳羹感官评分的预测模型,实现雪梨莲子银耳羹工艺的优化,进而对其进行气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）分析、电子舌检测及感官评价以确定其中挥发性风味物质的种类和含量以及滋味强度。结果表明,熬煮时间、藕粉添加量和莲子添加量对感官评分影响显著,其中熬煮时间的影响最大,其次为藕粉和莲子添加量,且两者之间的交互作用较显著;最优工艺条件为熬煮时间20 min,藕粉添加量1.8%,莲子添加量1.2%;雪梨莲子银耳羹主要含有8种挥发性风味物质,其中呈焦糖香的5-羟甲基糠醛含量最高。电子舌检测及感官评价结果显示,雪梨莲子银耳羹以甜味为主,酸味和鲜味强度较弱且相近,无咸味和苦味。本研究为雪梨莲子银耳羹罐头的开发提供了理论参考。  相似文献   

7.
为了研究金枪鱼油在冬化前和冬化后不同温度条件下,脂肪酸含量和主体风味成分的变化,利用气质联用仪测定金枪鱼鱼油中的脂肪酸含量;电子鼻检测金枪鱼鱼油冬化前后不同温度下的挥发性物质的变化趋势,并利用顶空固相微萃取与气质联用仪(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对该过程中的挥发性风味成分进行定性和定量分析;结合感觉阈值确定金枪鱼鱼油的主体风味成分。结果表明,鱼油中脂肪酸组成范围为C14~C22,在冬化过程中,饱和脂肪酸随着温度的降低呈下降趋势,相对含量从冬化前的25.57%降到冬化后的23.08%;不饱和脂肪酸的含量逐渐上升,其中,单不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量从冬化前的27.92%提高到冬化后的29.09%;多不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量从冬化前的29.20%提高到冬化后的32.20%。电子鼻检测发现,冬化前后鱼油挥发性物质差异显著。冬化前和冬化后,对金枪鱼油风味有重要贡献的挥发性物质的种类和含量无明显变化,主体风味成分主要有1-辛烯-3-醇、反-2-辛烯醛、辛醛、己醛、庚醛、2-十一酮、2-戊基呋喃等,这些物质赋予了鱼油鱼腥、油脂气息、泥土味、脂肪香味、青草味、蜡香、蘑菇香、蔬菜香味等。本研究结果对今后改善金枪鱼油加工工艺和不良风味等方面具有理论指导意义。  相似文献   

8.
香菇生长过程中挥发性风味成分组成及其风味评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了明确影响香菇风味的特征性挥发性风味成分,本研究采用固相微萃取(SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析鉴定了不同生长阶段香菇子实体中挥发性风味成分的组成,结合电子鼻系统对不同生长阶段香菇子实体的风味进行差异区分,利用相对风味活度值(ROAV)分析挥发性风味成分对香菇子实体风味的贡献率,运用主成分分析(PCA)明确香菇生长过程中的特征性风味成分,并对不同生长阶段香菇子实体进行风味评价。结果表明,在香菇子实体的6个生长阶段中,共检测出134种挥发性风味成分,主要包括含硫化合物、醛类化合物和八碳化合物。电子鼻系统可以对不同生长阶段的香菇子实体风味进行差异区分。挥发性成分二甲基三硫、1,2,4-三硫杂环戊烷、二甲基二硫、3-甲基丁醛、E-2-壬烯醛和2,4-癸二烯醛是香菇子实体生长过程中关键风味物质,对香菇子实体风味贡献较大。PCA分析发现,二甲基三硫、二甲基二硫、1-辛烯-3-醇、3-甲基丁醛、己醛、2-甲基丁醛、1-庚烯-3-酮、E-2-壬烯醛、(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛和2-十一酮10种挥发性成分为香菇的特征性风味成分;成熟期、未开伞生长阶段采收的香菇子实体风味品质较优,菌盖完全开伞后,香菇子实体风味品质较差。本研究结果为香菇栽培和挥发性风味成分的开发利用提供了一定的理论指导。  相似文献   

9.
热处理及β-环糊精添加量对豆乳风味的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
风味是评价豆乳产品品质的重要指标,而在豆乳生产中,热处理及 β-环糊精的添加对豆乳风味品质的影响则未可知.因此,该研究首先分析了豆乳加热过程中(30-90℃范围内)关键性风味物质的含量变化,并比较了在不同加热阶段(加热前、加热至40℃时、加热至60℃时、加热后)添加不同质量分数β-环糊精(0.25%、0.50%、0.75%、1.00%)所获得的豆乳的风味品质.研究结果显示,豆乳中的关键性风味物质对温度的敏感度因风味物质的种类不同而异,随着加热过程中温度的升高,豆腥味的强度呈现显著降低的趋势,而非豆腥味的强度则相对增强.添加 β-环糊精能够显著降低关键性风味物质在豆乳体系中的浓度,当添加量为≥0.50%的β-环糊精在豆乳加热至60℃阶段添加时,所得豆乳中己醛、己醇、1-辛烯-3-醇等关键性豆腥味成分含量的降低幅度最为显著(P<0.05),但同时反-2-辛烯醛这种非豆腥味成分的含量也有所损失.豆乳豆腥味、蘑菇味和甜香味的感官评价结果也呈现类似的趋势,另外,根据感官评价的综合得分,当添加量为0.75%β-环糊精在豆乳加热至60℃时添加时,所得豆乳的整体风味品质最佳.由于β-环糊精价格低廉、且安全性高,其在豆乳加工过程中的添加又较易实现,因而在豆乳生产中具有良好的应用价值.  相似文献   

10.
风味是评价豆乳产品品质的重要指标,而在豆乳生产中,热处理及β-环糊精的添加对豆乳风味品质的影响则未可知。因此,该研究首先分析了豆乳加热过程中(30-90℃范围内)关键性风味物质的含量变化,并比较了在不同加热阶段(加热前、加热至40℃时、加热至60℃时、加热后)添加不同质量分数β-环糊精(0.25%、0.50%、0.75%、1.00%)所获得的豆乳的风味品质。研究结果显示,豆乳中的关键性风味物质对温度的敏感度因风味物质的种类不同而异,随着加热过程中温度的升高,豆腥味的强度呈现显著降低的趋势,而非豆腥味的强度则相对增强。添加β-环糊精能够显著降低关键性风味物质在豆乳体系中的浓度,当添加量为≥0.50%的β-环糊精在豆乳加热至60℃阶段添加时,所得豆乳中己醛、己醇、1-辛烯-3-醇等关键性豆腥味成分含量的降低幅度最为显著(P0.05),但同时反-2-辛烯醛这种非豆腥味成分的含量也有所损失。豆乳豆腥味、蘑菇味和甜香味的感官评价结果也呈现类似的趋势,另外,根据感官评价的综合得分,当添加量为0.75%β-环糊精在豆乳加热至60℃时添加时,所得豆乳的整体风味品质最佳。由于β-环糊精价格低廉、且安全性高,其在豆乳加工过程中的添加又较易实现,因而在豆乳生产中具有良好的应用价值。  相似文献   

11.
Odorants generated by thermally induced degradation of phospholipids   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
The qualitative and quantitative aroma composition of heated aqueous dispersions of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) and egg phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were characterized by aroma extract dilution analysis and isotope dilution assay. On the basis of FD-factors and odor activity values, trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal was found to be the most potent odorant followed by (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, 1-octen-3-one, and hexanal. The amount of (E,E)-2,4-decadienal in PC was about 20-fold higher compared to PE, while hexanal was the major odor-active compound in the PE sample. (E,Z,Z)-2,4,7-Tridecatrienal was identified for the first time as an odor-active volatile constituent of heated phospholipids exhibiting a characteristic egg white-like note. Further odorants first reported in thermally treated phospholipids were (Z)-2-decenal, (E)-2-decenal, and (E)-2-undecenal. Differences in the fatty acid composition of PC and PE can only partially explain the quantitative results found in this study, thus suggesting that further parameters may influence the formation of carbonyls from heated aqueous dispersions of phospholipids.  相似文献   

12.
Volatile flavor components of stored nonfat dry milk.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Nonfat dry milk (NDM) is widely used both as an ingredient in other preparations and for direct consumption. Flavor quality of NDM is a critical parameter because it can directly impact final product quality. Flavors can be formed in NDM during subsequent storage. Identification of compounds responsible for storage-induced flavors is necessary to correlate sensory quality with potential sources of the flavors. Six NDM samples were selected for volatile flavor analysis based on sensory analysis and storage time. Volatile components were extracted by direct solvent extraction/high vacuum distillation. Volatile extracts were separated into neutral/basic and acidic fractions and analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GCO) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). A variety of aldehydes, ketones, and free fatty acids were responsible for generation of flavors in stored NDM. The following compounds exhibited high aroma impact by AEDA: 3-(methylthio)propanal (boiled potato); o-aminoacetophenone (corn tortilla); 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone and 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one (burnt sugar); butanoic acid (cheesy); pentanoic acid (sweaty); acetic and hexanoic acids (sour/vinegar); octanoic, decanoic, and dodecanoic acids (waxy); p-cresol (cowy/barny); 3-methylindole (fecal); dimethyl trisulfide (cabbage); (E,E)-2,4-decadienal (fried/fatty); furfuryl alcohol (rubber/vitamin); phenylacetic acid (rose-like); and 1-octen-3-one (mushroom).  相似文献   

13.
An investigation on the odor-active compounds of wholemeal (WWF) and white wheat flour (WF 550) by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) and by quantitative studies using stable isotope dilution assays (SIDA) revealed a significant number of odor-active compounds, such as (E)-2-nonenal, (E,Z)- and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone, and vanillin, with high odor activities in both wheat flours. The amounts and, consequently, the aroma potencies of vanillin, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, and 3-(methylthio)propanal were much higher in the WWF than in the WF 550 samples. Fermentation of suspensions of both flours with lactic acid bacteria did not generate new odorants; however, many compounds, such as acetic acid or 3-methylbutanal, were increased, whereas aldehydes (formed from the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids) were decreased. Comparing the odorant concentrations present before and after fermentation gave evidence that the main influence of the microorganisms on sourdough aroma is to either enhance or decrease specific volatiles already present in the flour. A comparison with literature data indicated that most of these odorants are also important for the bread crumb aroma present after baking of the dough.  相似文献   

14.
The aroma composition of autoxidized arachidonic acid was characterized by aroma extract dilution analysis. The most potent odorant was trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal followed by 1-octen-3-one, (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal, (E,Z,Z)-2,4,7-tridecatrienal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, and hexanal. (E,Z,Z)-2,4,7-Tridecatrienal was unequivocally identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. The stereochemistry of its extended double-bond system was elucidated on the basis of NMR measurements. The target compound was synthesized in four steps starting with bromination of 2-octyn-1-ol, followed by copper-catalyzed coupling of the bromide with ethylmagnesium bromide and (E)-2-penten-4-yn-1-ol. Partial hydrogenation of the resulting C(13)-compound with triple bonds in the positions C-4 and C-7 gave rise to (E,Z,Z)-2,4,7-tridecatrien-1-ol, which was finally oxidized to the target compound. It exhibits a typical egg-white-like, marine-like odor at low concentrations, and an intense orange-citrus, animal-like odor at higher concentrations. Its odor threshold was estimated by gas chromatography-olfactometry to be 0.07 ng/L air, which is of the same order of magnitude as that reported for 1-octen-3-one and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal.  相似文献   

15.
The sensorial representativeness of the headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) aroma extract from commercial Sherry vinegars has been determined by direct gas chromatography-olfactometry (D-GCO). Extracts obtained under optimal conditions were used to characterize the aroma of these vinegars by means of GCO and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Among the 37 different odorants determined, 13 of them were identified for the first time in Sherry vinegars: 2 pyrazines (3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine), 2 sulfur compounds (methanethiol, dimethyl trisulfide), 1 unsaturated ketone (1-octen-3-one), 1 norisoprenoid (β-damascenone), 1 ester (ethyl trans-cinnamate) and 6 aldehydes (2- and 3-methylbutanal, octanal, nonanal, (E)-2-nonenal and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal). The determination of the odor thresholds in a hydroacetic solution together with the quantitative analysis-which was also performed using the simple and fast SPME technique-allowed obtaining the odor activity values (OAV) of the aromatic compounds found. Thus, a first pattern of their sensory importance on commercial Sherry vinegar aroma was provided.  相似文献   

16.
Application of the aroma extract dilution analysis on a flavor distillate prepared from freshly ground rye flour (type 1150) revealed 1-octen-3-one (mushroom-like), methional (cooked potato), and (E)-2-nonenal (fatty, green) with the highest flavor dilution (FD) factors among the 26 odor-active volatiles identified. Quantitative measurements performed by stable isotope dilution assays and a comparison to the odor thresholds of selected odorants in starch suggested methional, (E)-2-nonenal, and hexanal as contributors to the flour aroma, because their concentrations exceeded their odor thresholds by factors >100. Application of the same approach on a rye sourdough prepared from the same batch of flour revealed 3-methylbutanal, vanillin, 3-methylbutanoic acid, methional, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, 2,3-butanedione, and acetic acid as important odorants; their concentrations exceeded their odor thresholds in water and starch by factors >100. A comparison of the concentrations of 20 odorants in rye flour and the sourdough made therefrom indicated that flour, besides the fermentation process, is an important source of aroma compounds in dough. However, 3-methylbutanol, acetic acid, and 2,3-butanedione were much increased during fermentation, whereas (E,E)-2,4-decadienal and 2-methylbutanal were decreased. Similar results were obtained for five different flours and sourdoughs, respectively, although the amounts of some odorants in the flour and the sourdough differed significantly within batches.  相似文献   

17.
薛静  崔益玮  沈清  郑振霄  戴志远 《核农学报》2020,34(12):2780-2792
为建立富含二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)型结构磷脂的制备方法,本试验以南极磷虾磷脂为原料,以EPA和DHA总结合率为指标,通过响应面法优化富含EPA/DHA型结构磷脂的酶法合成反应参数,并采用气相色谱(GC)和亲水作用色谱-质谱联用(HILIC-MS)技术对其结构进行表征。结果表明,最优酶催化反应条件为:底物质量比(游离脂肪酸:磷脂, m/m)5.15,反应温度55.22℃,水分添加量(以反应底物总质量计)0.92%,酶添加量(以反应底物总质量计)20%,正己烷3 mL,反应时间24 h,所得结构磷脂中EPA/DHA结合率达64.35%;经GC和HILIC-MS综合分析可知,结构磷脂中磷脂酰胆碱(PC)亚类40:10(20:5/20:5)(18.46%),42:11(20:5/22:6)(12.78%)和38:6(18:1/20:5&16:0/22:6) (7.07%)等分子种含量较高;溶血磷脂酰胆碱LPC亚类20:5(20:5/0:0)(34.40%),22:6(22:6/0:0)(25.99%)和O-16:0(O-16:0/0:0)(10.22%)等分子种含量较高;结构磷脂的PC和LPC组分中脂肪酸单链平均长度≥20的分子种相对含量较原料磷脂分别提高了33.12和37.28个百分点;结构磷脂的PC组分中双键数≥5和双键数≥10的分子种相对含量较原料磷脂分别提高了24.89和27.53个百分点,表明该方法有效提高了结构磷脂中EPA和DHA的含量。本研究结果为进一步探索和丰富酶促合成EPA/DHA型结构磷脂的机理和实践提供了一定的数据支持。  相似文献   

18.
Predominant heat-induced odorants generated in soy milk by ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) processing were evaluated by sensory and instrumental techniques. Soy milks processed by UHT (143 degrees C/14 s, 143 degrees C/59 s, 154 degrees C/29 s) were compared to a control soy milk (90 degrees C/10 min) after 0, 1, and 7 days of storage (4.4 +/- 1 degrees C). Dynamic headspace dilution analysis (DHDA) and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) in conjunction with GC-olfactometry (GCO)/aroma extract dilution techniques and GC-MS were used to identify and quantify major aroma-active compounds. Sensory results revealed that intensities of overall aroma and sulfur and sweet aromatic flavors were affected by the processing conditions. Odorants mainly responsible for the changes in sulfur perception were methional, methanethiol, and dimethyl sulfide. Increases in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 2-acetyl-thiazole, and 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline intensities were associated with roasted aromas. A marginal increase in intensity of sweet aromatic flavor could be explained by increases in 2,3-butanedione, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, beta-damascenone, and 2- and 3-methylbutanal. Predominant lipid-derived odorants, including (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E)-2-octenal, 1-octen-3-one, 1-octen-3-ol, and (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, were affected by processing conditions. Intensities of overall aroma and sulfur notes in soy milk decreased during storage, whereas other sensory attributes did not change. Color changes, evaluated by using a Chroma-meter, indicated all UHT heating conditions used in this study generated a more yellow and saturated color in soy milk in comparison to the control soy milk.  相似文献   

19.
Volatiles were obtained from commercially prepared and laboratory-prepared rice cakes using high-flow dynamic headspace isolation with Tenax trapping. Analysis was carried out by capillary GC/MS. More than 60 compounds were identified. Major volatiles included 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, furfuryl alcohol, 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-methylpyrazine, pyrazine, hexanal, furfural, pentanol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), and ethyl-3, 6-dimethylpyrazine. Although not ideally applicable to a dry product, concentration/threshold ratios indicated that the compounds with a high probability of contributing to the aroma and flavor included 3-methylbutanal, dimethyl trisulfide, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, 4-vinylguaiacol, hexanal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 1-octen-3-ol, and 1-octen-3-one.  相似文献   

20.
Application of the aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) on the volatile fraction carefully isolated from an American Bourbon whisky revealed 45 odor-active areas in the flavor dilution (FD) factor range of 32-4096 among which (E)-beta-damascenone and delta-nonalactone showed the highest FD factors of 4096 and 2048, respectively. With FD factors of 1024, (3S,4S)-cis-whiskylactone, gamma-decalactone, 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (eugenol), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (vanillin) additionally contributed to the overall vanilla-like, fruity, and smoky aroma note of the spirit. Application of GC-Olfactometry on the headspace above the whisky revealed 23 aroma-active odorants among which 3-methylbutanal, ethanol, and 2-methylbutanal were identified as additional important aroma compounds. Compared to published data on volatile constituents in whisky, besides ranking the whisky odorants on the basis of their odor potency, 13 aroma compounds were newly identified in this study: ethyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate, (E)-2-heptenal, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, (E)-2-decenal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, ethyl phenylacetate, 4-methyl acetophenone, alpha-damascone, 2-phenylethyl propanoate, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone, trans-ethyl cinnamate, and (Z)-6-dodeceno-gamma-lactone.  相似文献   

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