共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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栉孔扇贝生物沉积作用的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2001年3～9月,在自然养殖状态下对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)的生物沉积及其对物质输运的影响进行研究.结果表明,栉孔扇贝能加速海洋中颗粒物质的沉积,生物沉积率分别为小个体(壳长30～40 mm)72.31～109.85 mg·ind-1·day-1、中等个体(壳长50～60 mm)103.49～207.77 mg·ind-1·day-1和大个体(壳长60～70 mm)120.05～237.65 mg·ind-1·day-1.栉孔扇贝的生物沉积与其壳长呈正相关线性关系,与其干组织重呈正相关的指数关系,而单位重量的生物沉积则与壳长和干组织重分别为负相关的线性和幂指数关系.海水温度和环境中饵料数量是影响栉孔扇贝的生物沉积的重要因子. 相似文献
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为研究海湾扇贝在海参养殖池中的生物沉积作用,将海湾扇贝分三组混养在海参养殖池中收集沉积物并设对照组。试验结果表明,海湾扇贝能加速养殖池悬浮物的沉积,海湾扇贝的生物沉积量与壳长、软体部干重呈正相关;单位重量的生物沉积量则与壳长和软体部干重分别呈负相关。海湾扇贝壳长(41.19±0.51)mm的生物沉积率为30.0～54.8mg·ind-1·d-1;壳长(52.49±0.42)mm的生物沉积率为33.5～67.5mg·ind-1·d-1;壳长(58.26±0.70)mm的生物沉积率为37.0～87.0mg·ind-1·d-1。养殖池水温、悬浮颗粒物的量能影响海湾扇贝的生物沉积作用。 相似文献
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2001年3～9月在青岛海区自然养殖状态下,利用沉积物收集器测定厚壳贻贝(Mytiluscrassitesta)的生物沉积及其对物质的输运,并采用灰分比例法计算厚壳贻贝的同化率。结果显示,厚壳贻贝的同化率分别为:小个体(壳长42～49mm)43 2%～59 9%、中等个体(壳长54～60mm)41 3%～56 1%、大个体(壳长65～74mm)47 6%～53 5%,平均值分别为51 6%、49 5%和52 5%。厚壳贻贝通过生物沉积作用加速海洋中颗粒物质的沉积,生物沉积率随个体的增大而增加,呈正相关关系,分别为:小个体[(42 3±4 4)～(77 9±10 8)]mg·ind-1·d-1,中等个体[(68 5±5 8)～(134 1±12 7)]mg·ind-1·d-1和大个体[(83 4±10 4)～(167 1±10 8)]mg·ind-1·d-1。海水温度和环境中饵料数量是影响厚壳贻贝的生物沉积的重要因子。 相似文献
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南海北部沿岸贝类体内镉含量及健康风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2007年和2009年对南海北部沿岸菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes Philippinarum)、翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)、近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)、太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)、文蛤(Meretr.ix meretrix)5种贝类的监测资料,对贝类体内Cd的含量水平进行了分析讨论;采用点估计的方法,评估贝类Cd的暴露量,对其安全性进行评价.结果表明,调查海域近江牡蛎、太平洋牡蛎、菲律宾蛤仔、翡翠贻贝和文蛤样品中Cd的平均含量分别为:1.80、0.38、0.12、0.26和0.15 mg·kg-1,其变化范围分别为:0.92～2.39 mg·kg-1、0.31～0.46 mg.kg-1、0.10～0.13 mg·kg-1、0.21～0.30 mg·kg-1和0.08～0.22 mg·kg-1.与其他海域贝类调查的数据相比,此次调查贝类体内Cd含量处于正常的波动范围.风险评估结果显示,近江牡蛎的风险商HQ＞1,表明人体存在过量摄入Cd的风险;其他4种贝类的HQ＜1,处于安全范围内.评价结果还显示,儿童的Cd暴露量高于成年人.此次调查近江牡蛎样品中Cd/Zn的比值(0.005)低于0.015的临界值,从微量元素平衡的角度,近江牡蛎中Cd的健康风险低. 相似文献
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本文是对太平洋牡蛎工厂化育苗技术的总结,论述了太平洋牡朗工厂化育苗技术以及在水质、饵料、固着基的选用中应注意的事项,并就生产中遇到的问题进行讨论。一、材料太平洋牡蛎亲贝来源于福建省漳浦县竹屿虾池,壳长平均95cm,幼虫固着基为太平洋牡蛎壳中间打了孔,光滑面相对,用45丝聚乙烯穿成串,每串100片,4串为一组,青苗有效水体560m3,饵料池水体150m3,使用经二级沙滤沉淀过后的海水。二、方法1亲贝培育：于今年元月上旬购进个体大、生长正确、无病害亲贝放人虾池育肥促熟．加强虾池饵料生物培养,调节好水质。2人工授精孵化：从… 相似文献
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于2001年6月对南黄海鳀产卵场鳀的主要饵料生物--中华哲水蚤的数量分布及摄食进行了研究.调查期间,中华哲水蚤是调查海区浮游动物的绝对优势种,在所有站位上均有分布,平均密度为244 ind·m-3,数量密度最大值高达1555 ind·m-3.中华哲水蚤的肠道色素含量平均为1.19ng·ind-1(0.21～4.14 ng·ind-1),与水体中叶绿素a的最大浓度呈现一定的相关性.中华哲水蚤种群具有一定的昼夜摄食节律,夜间的肠道色素含量明显高于白天.在A和B站中华哲水蚤的个体摄食率分别为76.9 ng·ind-1·d-1和39.6 ng·ind-1·d-1,分别相当于体碳含量的7.5%和3.9%.除了饵料来源和摄食强度等因素之外,捕食压力以及环境温度对中华哲水蚤种群的分布和发展可能具有十分重要的影响. 相似文献
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为了培育壳色和生长性状优良的壳紫长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)新品系,2021年通过家系选育的方式,以壳色性状为主要选育指标,建立了第1代壳紫长牡蛎选育群体。本研究以壳紫F1为亲本,采用平衡巢式设计建立了36个全同胞家系,并以野生长牡蛎为亲本建立对照组,比较分析了各家系在生长和存活方面的性能表现;同时利用多性状动物模型对壳紫家系幼虫和稚贝期的生长性状遗传参数进行了评估。结果显示,不同生长阶段壳紫长牡蛎家系的存活率和壳高均值均高于对照组,幼虫期分别提高了1.49%～10.18%和3.75%～15.94%,稚贝期分别提高了4.05%～16.94%和15.95%～18.25%。不同壳紫家系的生长和存活情况也存在差异,没有发现在存活率和生长性状方面同时具有优势的家系。壳紫长牡蛎幼虫期壳高和壳长的狭义遗传力范围分别为0.43～0.84和0.49～0.80,稚贝期壳高和壳长的遗传力分别为0.15～0.33和0.18～0.37,均属于中高等遗传力。不同生长阶段壳紫长牡蛎家系壳高和壳长的遗传相关与表型相关均为正相关,幼虫期的相关系数分别为0.67～0.97和0.17～0.51,稚贝期为0.... 相似文献
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为探讨底物大小对牡蛎幼虫附着的诱导效应,设计底物大小和实验环境(室内和野外)的双因子随机区组实验,检验3种规格实验底物(A:5 cm长×5 cm宽×3 cm厚、B:10 cm长×10 cm宽×3 cm厚、C:15 cm长×15 cm宽×3 cm厚,以下简称A、B、C)、实验环境以及他们之间的互作对牡蛎幼虫(室内实验:长牡蛎Crassostrea gigas;野外实验:熊本牡蛎C.sikamea)附着效果(密度和壳高)的影响。附着实验结果显示,室内实验A组附着稚贝的平均密度和平均壳高分别为1.06个·cm~(-2)和14.10 mm,B组为5.60个·cm~(-2)和8.69 mm,C组为12.01个·cm~(-2)和4.44 mm;野外实验A组附着稚贝的平均密度和壳高分别为2.41个·cm~(-2)和17.83 mm,B组为4.65个·cm~(-2)和11.61 mm,C组为6.90个·cm~(-2)和7.43 mm。单因子方差分析结果表明,室内和野外实验中底物大小均显著影响附着稚贝的密度(P<0.001),即底物越大,稚贝附着密度越高,但壳高则相反,稚贝壳高和密度之间呈显著负相关;室内和野外的实验环境对附着稚贝密度影响不显著(P>0.05),对壳高影响显著(P<0.05)。双因子方差分析结果表明,实验环境和底物大小的交互作用对附着稚贝密度影响显著(P<0.05),对壳高影响不显著(P>0.05)。研究结果表明,在牡蛎礁生态修复中,选择适合的底物大小能显著提高牡蛎附着效果。 相似文献
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Abstract. Culture supernatant fluids from twelve Vibrio strains were toxic to spat of the European and Pacific oysters, Ostrea edulis L., and Crassostrea gigas L. At least three factors were present in culture supernates of one of the most virulent strains (NCMB 1338). The first was a heat-labile protein of molecular weight approximately 39000 which was lethal to oyster spat. This toxin was released during the stationary phase of culture and 72-h culture supernates contained 23·0LC50 ml when assayed against 2–3 mm Crassostrea gigas spat for 24 h at 20°C. Under the same assay conditions, 7-mm C. gigas spat were six times less sensitive to the toxin. The second factor was a relatively heat-stable ciliostatic toxin of molecular weight < 5000 and the third a proteinase of molecular weight 30000 which degraded gill segments of Mytilus edulis L. In addition, a haemolysin of molecular weight 20000 was produced. All these factors could be involved in the pathogenesis of 'vibriosis' in oyster larvae. 相似文献
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Ji Hoe Kim Toshiyuki Suzuki Ka Jeong Lee Poong Ho Kim Takashi Kamiyama Tae Seek Lee 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(2):433-438
ABSTRACT: Lipophilic toxin profiles associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in Korean bivalves were investigated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxins (DTX), pectenotoxins (PTX) and yessotoxin (YTX) in bivalves were quantified by LC-MS. Thirty-eight bivalve samples were collected from five different areas on the south coast of Korea during January to June 2006. Dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) and OA were found in some samples of both mussel Mytilus edulis and oyster Crassostrea gigas . The levels of DTX1 and OA found in the hepatopancreas of the samples were 0.04–0.23 µg/g and 0.03–0.08 µg/g, respectively. Dinophysistoxin-3 was found in the hepatopancreas of the short-necked clam Ruditapes philippinarum at a concentration of 0.06 µg/g. PTX and YTX were not detected from all of the samples examined. This is the first report of the unambiguous identification of OA and its derivatives, by LC-MS, in Korean bivalves. 相似文献
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Fisheries Science - We investigated the free amino acid (FAA) composition, glycogen content, and body index of 31 brands of oyster Crassostrea gigas to evaluate their taste graphically using a... 相似文献
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长牡蛎壳金选育系F4与普通养殖群体摄食和呼吸的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了从生理学角度探讨长牡蛎壳金选育系的快速生长机制,本研究以两种规格长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)第4代壳金选育系(简称金1和金2)和两种普通养殖群体(简称对照1和对照2)为材料,比较了不同温度(16℃、20℃、24℃、28℃、32℃)和盐度(15、20、25、30、35)条件下各实验组的滤水率(FR)和耗氧率(OCR)。结果显示:(1)摄食实验中,4个组长牡蛎的滤水率均随温度或盐度增加先上升后下降,在温度28℃时出现最大值;对照1的滤水率在盐度25时达到最大值,其他3组滤水率在盐度30时达到最大值;方差分析结果显示,温度、群体,盐度、群体对长牡蛎的滤水率均有显著性影响,长牡蛎壳金选育系的滤水率均显著大于普通养殖群体(P0.05)。(2)呼吸实验中,较大规格长牡蛎壳金选育系的耗氧率受温度或盐度变化的影响更小。方差分析结果显示,温度、群体,盐度、群体均对长牡蛎耗氧率有显著性影响。实验温度范围内,金1的耗氧率显著小于对照1,但金2的耗氧率显著大于对照2(P0.05)。实验盐度范围内,壳金选育系的耗氧率均显著大于普通群体(P0.05)。(3)同一壳色群体中,个体越大,单位软体部干重滤水率和耗氧率越低。研究表明,较大规格长牡蛎壳金选育系F4更能适应外部环境的变化,该选育系的快速生长可能是由其较高滤食行为导致的。 相似文献
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Masaya TAKAGI Takeshi KIKKO Masatomi HOSOI Isao HAYASHI Haruhiko TOYOHARA 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(4):682-687
ABSTRACT: We have cloned a cDNA encoding the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) from oyster Crassostrea gigas . The clone contains a 1797 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 599 amino acids. Oyster MMP (Cg-MMP) has a transmembrane domain at its C-terminal and a furin/prohormone convertase cleavage site at the end of a propeptide domain, which are commonly observed in membrane-type MMPs (MT-MMPs). This suggests that Cg-MMP is an MT-MMP. The deduced amino acid sequence of oyster MMP shares approximately 30% identity with human MT4-MMP and MMPs from fruit fly and hydra. Cg-MMP mRNA was detected in the gill, mantle and adductor muscle, and more intense signals in the northern blot analysis were recognized in the gill and adductor muscle. Similar tissue distribution was observed for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (Cg-TIMP) in oyster. In response to hypoxic stress, the abundance of Cg-MMP mRNA was elevated in the gill, while that of Cg-TIMP mRNA remained almost constant. These findings suggest that promotion of collagen metabolism may be implicated in the hypoxic adaptation in oyster. 相似文献
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Luis Trevio Cesar Lodeiros Jorge Vlez‐Falcones Cristina Chvez‐Alcivar Fernando Isea‐Len Alexandra E. Bermúdez‐Medranda Juan C. Vlez‐Chica Yanis Cruz‐Quintana Dayana Leal Ana María Santana‐Pieros Daniel Rodríguez‐Pesantes 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(5):2052-2061
The growth and survival of Crassostrea gigas were evaluated in hanging culture in the Chone River estuary (Bahía de Caráquez), Manabí province, Ecuador. Oyster seeds (~10 mm) were confined in lantern nets at a density equal to the occupation of half the surface of the basket base, until reaching commercial size (80 mm). A sample for oyster biometric, parasitic and bacterial analysis was obtained monthly. Temperature, salinity, oxygen concentration, seston and phytoplankton biomass were determined. At the end of the study, the oysters were analysed for heavy metal concentration. The commercial oyster production was extrapolated to estimate the possible economic performance of a family production module (a 7 × 7 m bamboo raft). The results show a great biological feasibility of culture of C. gigas with harvests of commercial size oysters in only 5 months and acceptable survivals (accumulated >70%, after 3 weeks of crop seed selection). The heavy metal concentrations and the parasitological and bacteriological analyses did not indicate levels of contamination. The economic projections suggest that, even with a profitability of 57%, the initially invested capital could be recovered within the first harvest. 相似文献
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Laura F Rodriguez 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(4):419-427
San Quintin Bay (Baja, California, Mexico) is extensively utilized by artisanal farmers to cultivate Pacific oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) using a rope/rack system. A large juvenile oyster mortality event was significantly correlated with the presence of native predatory whelks, Macron trochlea . Surveys, field and lab experiments were performed to identify the predatory behaviour of the whelk, determine factors affecting oyster mortality, and quantify the impact on oyster farmers. Macron trochlea was found to be a voracious, active predator, which can consume ∼4 juvenile oysters day−1 . Juvenile oysters suffer significantly higher mortality in the presence of whelks. Macron trochlea has the largest impact on small oysters. Once oysters grow to >30 mm they reach a size refuge above which there is much lower mortality. At average growth rates, an oyster can escape predation after ∼3 months. But, in areas of highest whelk densities, at average predation rates, whelks could consume the standing crop of juvenile oysters in approximately 43 days. For the artisanal oyster farmers of San Quintin this represents a substantial economic loss, which was unaccounted for previously. Farmers can reduce loss to whelk predation by seeding juvenile oysters in low whelk density areas until oysters reach the size refuge. 相似文献
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野生和养殖牡蛎种群的比较摄食生理研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
１９９５年４～５月在山东省荣成市桑沟湾用模拟现场流水法对该湾野生和养殖太平洋牡垢种群不同大小个体的摄食生理进行了比较研究。实验结果表明，野生和养殖太平洋牡蛎种群在滤水率、选择率和吸收率等方面无明显的差异，但在保留率和摄食率等方面有明显的差异。这说明野生种群能比养殖种群更好地过滤下并摄入海水中的颗粒物。根据实验数据，用计算机模拟得出了野生和养殖牡蛎种群的滤水率与个体体重的关系为：ＦＲω＝２．８８２３Ｗ０．３６４７，Ｒ２＝０．９４２２和ＦＲｃ＝４．０１４４Ｗ０．２６９１，Ｒ２＝０．９０２９。 相似文献