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1.
基于生态足迹模型,研究了贵州省荔波县旅游生态环境承载力。研究结果表明:2010~2016年荔波县人均生态足迹逐年上升,人均旅游生态足迹逐年下降,人均生态赤字逐年上升,特别是在2016年,人均旅游生态赤字达到-0.009gha/cap,已经接近临界值。建议相关部门采取有效措施科学控制人均旅游生态足迹持续上升势头,尤其要重点控制重大节假日过载客流量对景区旅游生态环境的冲击,合理设计景区间客流量的空间分布,并构建动态管理机制。同时建议增加旅游资金投入,做好景区景点布局规划,积极开发新的旅游产品和旅游线路,以提高旅游生态环境承载力。 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(2)
依据生态足迹成分法的理论、方法,计算了北京鹫峰国家森林公园旅游生态足迹。结果表明:2013年,鹫峰国家森林公园总旅游生态足迹为183.08 hm~2,总生态承载力为225.16 hm~2,总旅游生态盈余为42.07 hm~2,人均旅游生态盈余为0.000 4 hm~2/人。反映了鹫峰国家森林公园旅游处于生态盈余和生态安全的状态。但同北京森林公园整体生态赤字状态相比,研究建议应将生态赤字较大的森林公园客流量调节到处于生态盈余的森林公园去,并加强对森林公园开发的管理,提高森林游憩资源利用效率,提升旅游者的环保意识,以促进森林公园旅游的可持续发展。 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(6)
基于旅游生态足迹模型,计算2000年~2012年张家界统计年鉴数据及旅游产业调查数据,对张家界旅游可持续发展进行评价。结果显示:张家界旅游生态总足迹呈上升趋势,在未考虑贸易因素的可转移的生态足迹前提下,张家界旅游发展尚处于不可持续状态,生态赤字整体呈上升趋势。最后从生态足迹模型,旅游发展原则,旅游发展模式提出完善张家界旅游可持续发展战略的建议。 相似文献
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旅游活动的开展依赖于良好的生态环境,对旅游城市生态评价可以了解其生态系统健康、平衡、良性循环状态,明晰其生态发展变化的特点和未来趋势。对旅游城市生态综合指数评价法、旅游城市生态安全模糊综合评价法、旅游城市生态足迹评价法进行比较分析研究,认为这3种方法同时使用,可以克服单一评价方法本身的一些缺陷,能从不同角度互为补充、较完整地反映旅游城市的生态状况。利用这3种评价方法,对桂林旅游城市进行生态评价,结果为:桂林旅游城市生态状况处于"临界安全"状态。 相似文献
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能值生态足迹法是对生态足迹理论改进和优化,随着能值生态足迹法的发展和不断完善,我国各个层面、各个方向都出现了大量的应用研究。本文通过回顾我国能值生态足迹的发展历程,总结近年来国内能值生态足迹的应用案例及模型创新,并对能值生态足迹法的不足之处进行了简要总结和分析;对生态足迹模型今后的应用发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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生态足迹作为衡量地区可持续发展的重要方法与手段,可以定量地分析研究区域的生态盈亏状况。现研究多为回顾性分析或时间序列分析与预测,少有生态足迹地理空间分布的研究。随着遥感技术的发展,丰富的遥感产品提供了更加精细的尺度研究生态足迹的可能性。在GIS的支持下,基于人口密度分布数据、夜光影像与MODIS产品,提出一种在公里格网尺度研究生态足迹的方法,并提出"产出型"生态足迹与"消费型"生态足迹两种在公里格网尺度描述生态足迹空间分布的新方法。在估算了2010年湖北省生态足迹的基础上,分析了湖北省生态足迹的空间格局。 相似文献
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基于生态足迹理论和生态旅游承载力理论,对南矶湿地的旅游承载力进行研究,结果表明,南矶湿地旅游生态承载力盈余较大,生态旅游发展空间较为充裕。在此基础上,探讨了南矶湿地生态旅游可持续发展途径,湿地生态旅游与湿地环境保护的协调关系,为南矶湿地生态旅游开发和管理提供参考。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献