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产仔数性状是养猪业中一个重要的经济性状,而胚胎附植对猪产仔数的高低有重要的影响。胚胎附植的调控涉及到多个生物学过程,在其中发挥作用的物质（附植因子）很多。作者针对孕酮、孕酮受体、雌二醇、雌激素受体α（ESR1）和促红细胞生成素产生肝细胞受体配体（Eph-ephrin）系统这几种附植因子的相关研究进行了归纳总结,重点阐述了这些因子在母胎对话过程中的时空表达、功能、突变、调控等方面的研究进展。其中,孕酮及其受体在猪胚胎附植活动中全程发挥着重要作用,黄体分泌的孕酮与母猪子宫内膜腔上皮、腺上皮、基质和肌细胞中的孕酮受体结合发挥作用,使这些组织细胞分泌多种附植因子,这些附植因子进一步参与胚胎附植过程。雌二醇是雌激素中含量最多、活性最强的一种激素,主要由卵巢颗粒细胞分泌,雌激素受体α是子宫内雌二醇的主要受体,二者结合可使母猪发情;此外,附植中处于游离状态的胚泡也分泌雌二醇,其是一个让母猪子宫内膜得以识别的信号,允许胚泡附植。Eph-ephrin系统作用广泛,其在人、小鼠和猪的胚胎附植过程中发挥着重要作用。系统中的EphA1、ephrin A1、EphA4等基因在猪的胚胎附植期表达量显著高于空怀猪,它们在子宫内膜附植点的表达量显著高于附植点间的部位,且ephrin A1的抑制表达会降低子宫内膜上皮细胞的迁移和黏附能力。这些附植因子都在猪胚胎附植活动中发挥着重要作用,对它们的深入研究将有利于明确猪胚胎附植调控机理,进一步揭示猪高繁机理。 相似文献
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产仔数性状是养猪业中一个重要的经济性状,而胚胎附植对猪产仔数的高低有重要的影响。胚胎附植的调控涉及到多个生物学过程,在其中发挥作用的物质(附植因子)很多。作者针对孕酮、孕酮受体、雌二醇、雌激素受体α(ESR1)和促红细胞生成素产生肝细胞受体配体(Eph-ephrin)系统这几种附植因子的相关研究进行了归纳总结,重点阐述了这些因子在母胎对话过程中的时空表达、功能、突变、调控等方面的研究进展。其中,孕酮及其受体在猪胚胎附植活动中全程发挥着重要作用,黄体分泌的孕酮与母猪子宫内膜腔上皮、腺上皮、基质和肌细胞中的孕酮受体结合发挥作用,使这些组织细胞分泌多种附植因子,这些附植因子进一步参与胚胎附植过程。雌二醇是雌激素中含量最多、活性最强的一种激素,主要由卵巢颗粒细胞分泌,雌激素受体α是子宫内雌二醇的主要受体,二者结合可使母猪发情;此外,附植中处于游离状态的胚泡也分泌雌二醇,其是一个让母猪子宫内膜得以识别的信号,允许胚泡附植。Eph-ephrin系统作用广泛,其在人、小鼠和猪的胚胎附植过程中发挥着重要作用。系统中的EphA1、ephrin A1、EphA4等基因在猪的胚胎附植期表达量显著高于空怀猪,它们在子宫内膜附植点的表达量显著高于附植点间的部位,且ephrin A1的抑制表达会降低子宫内膜上皮细胞的迁移和黏附能力。这些附植因子都在猪胚胎附植活动中发挥着重要作用,对它们的深入研究将有利于明确猪胚胎附植调控机理,进一步揭示猪高繁机理。 相似文献
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细胞外囊泡调控哺乳动物胚胎附植研究进展 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
细胞外囊泡（extracellular vesicles,EVs）作为一种细胞交流媒介,能够通过其携带的miRNA、蛋白质等分子作用于靶细胞/靶组织,影响靶细胞/靶组织的功能和表型。最近研究表明,来自于胚胎、子宫内膜与子宫微环境等的细胞外囊泡参与了哺乳动物胚胎附植过程,通过影响子宫内膜的容受性和滋养层细胞的黏附能力,进而保证了胚胎成功附植和胎儿生长发育。本文主要阐述了细胞外囊泡的发生、生物学功能及其在哺乳动物胚胎附植过程中的作用。 相似文献
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胚胎附植属于哺乳动物重要的生殖生理过程,是妊娠建立的标志和重要环节。早期胚胎发育、母体妊娠识别、胚胎附植和妊娠维持都严格依赖于母—胎间复杂的信号传导及关联。大量研究证明,在绵羊胚胎附植过程中,来源于胚胎、母体子宫及宫外组织的多种生殖激素、粘附分子、细胞外基质、细胞活素物质和生长因子均可通过期间精密的调控关系参与并维持孕体的发育、子宫内膜的重塑、分泌功能及子宫生长。这对胚胎附植分子调控信号的掌握以及引起妊娠失败因素的诊断确定提供了参考,从而可提高家畜和人类的妊娠率。本文就绵羊胚胎附植迁移的过程及影响附植的相关因素进行了综述。 相似文献
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白血病抑制因子(LIF)是一种多生物活性的细胞因子,研究表明,LIF在人及动物的子宫内膜的腺上皮细胞、妊娠期蜕膜及胎盘上均有表达;胚泡是动物生殖过程中的关键,一些细胞因子起重要作用,它们能够充当子宫内膜微环境的"局部调节者",LIF对哺乳动物胚胎发育到胚泡阶段具有一定的作用,LIF在子宫内膜中特异性表达,促进胚胎生长发育和启动胚泡植入;LIF在生殖周期中影响子宫的功能及调节子宫内膜生长,这可能与LIF作用于子宫使其能发生蜕膜反应有关;LIF通过与LIF受体及gp130蛋白作用而发挥重要的生物学功能。LIF在哺乳动物早期妊娠中的作用机制具有重要意义。文章对LIF及其受体与子宫内膜的关系做了综述。 相似文献
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猪胚胎附植期免疫耐受机制的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国畜牧杂志》2016,(1)
猪胚胎附植是母胎间建立紧密联系的标志和首要环节。胚胎对于母体是一种同种异体移植物却未受到母体的免疫排斥,而成功附植和妊娠,说明母体对胚胎存在免疫耐受作用,母体建立免疫耐受是胚胎附植的关键过程,研究发现该过程受到辅助型T细胞、多种细胞因子、子宫局部免疫细胞以及其他生物活性物质的调控与影响。本文对胚胎附植期母胎间免疫耐受机制的研究进展进行综述。 相似文献
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Yoshinaga K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2012,58(2):196-203
The process of blastocyst implantation is a series of interactions between the blastocyst and maternal tissues. The purpose of this process is (1) to provide nourishment to the embryo for developmental growth in appropriate physiological and endocrinological environment until a placenta is established, and (2) to protect the (semi-)allogeneic embryo from any attacks from the maternal immune system. To facilitate successful implantation, therefore, these two aspects of the embryonic demand must be satisfied in the embryo-maternal interface throughout the entire process of implantation. The first concept I present in this paper is that blastocyst implantation essential factors (BIEFs) have dual functions: one, for structural and functional modification of the endometrium to accommodate the developing embryo and provide nourishment and suitable environment for its development, and the other, for modulation, directly or indirectly, of the maternal immune system to prevent attacks by the maternal immune system. The second concept is that BIEFs convert the endometrium (or uterus) from an immunologically non-privileged site to a privileged site. This endometrial (uterine) conversion is the immunological aspect of the blastocyst implantation process. When the endometrium has become receptive for blastocyst implantation, it signifies that the immunological conversion of the endometrium by BIEFs has been sufficiently attained to let the embryo start contacting maternal tissues. During the early stages of placentation, as the trophoblast cells differentiate and make their way to the maternal blood vessels to establish the placenta, BIEFs continuously provide nourishment and immunological protection to the developing embryo. The immunological protection of the embryo/fetus from potential attacks by the maternal immune system appears to reach a peak at the time of establishment of the placenta. Thus, clarification of the roles of BIEFs in both the physiological/endocrinological aspect as well as the immunological aspect is essential for understanding the biological process of implantation. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: A suboptimal uterine environment contributes to the bovine repeat breeder syndrome. Subclinical endometritis is a component, so the mechanism by which inflammation affects embryo survival was investigated by assessing the effect of non-cellular products of an inflamed endometrium on embryo development to blastocyst. DESIGN: Endometrial fluid from a lactating dairy cow was collected by lavage using embryo culture medium. Aseptic inflammation was then induced by infusion of glycogen and lavage was repeated 6 h later. The recovered fluid was used to culture Day 5 in-vitro-derived embryos for 2 days. Embryo development and quality were compared for two treatment groups (culture media conditioned by inflamed or non-inflamed endometrium) and two controls (control or control + serum). RESULTS: Development to blastocyst was higher for conditioned media or media + serum (inflamed 42.2%; non-inflamed 49.3%; control + serum 50.9%; control 16.9%; P < 0.001). Blastocyst cell numbers were lower for the conditioned-inflamed group (inflamed, 83.1; non-inflamed, 99.8; control + serum, 100.6; control, 110.1; P < 0.001). Trophectoderm cell number, but not inner cell mass number, was reduced in the conditioned-inflamed group and the inner cell mass:trophectoderm ratio was increased (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Altering the embryo culture environment with the products of endometrial inflammation had a subtle effect on embryo quality. An increased inner cell mass:trophoblast ratio is likely to negatively affect embryonic survival. Altered embryo quality is a mechanism for early embryonic failure in cows with subclinical endometritis. Culture of embryos with normal endometrial fluid may improve in vitro embryo production. 相似文献
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