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针对立木伐倒后精测材积的现状,以光电经纬仪为主要测量工具,辅以专用软件,形成光电经纬仪测树系统,外业利用光电经纬仪精密的测角功能,配合人工精确量取地径和胸径,内业部分利用专业软件获得树干的胸径、树高和任意处直径,进而计算材积。在对99株中林系列108杨统计分析发现,光电经纬仪精准计测的材积样本均方差σmax=0.130 3,σmin=0.001 3,各组变量的分布比较集中,离散小,同时C V值偏小,C S绝对值较小,且正偏与负偏相当;同时用407株中395株中林系列107杨的实测材积,建立了二元材积模型,并用12株实测材积进行模型验证,材积最大误差率绝对值为10.1%,最小为2.3%,满足森林计测的误差要求。 相似文献
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树高级的概念及其作用树高级材积表、材种等级表、出材量表是森林经理和伐区调查设计中测算立木蓄积和产品分类的重要数表,树高级则是编制这些数表时划分级别的标准尺度和基础. 树高级与林型、地位级、立地指数、立地生产力指数之间有着密切的关系.当某一生产率高的林型、地位级、立地指数、立地生产力指数的林分立木,也必定属于较高的树高级.凡属于同一树高级的同径阶林木的 相似文献
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针对我国现行一元立木材积表对林分或样地材积估计偏差太大,本研究利用103块样地资料,建立了吉安市杉木、国外松、阔叶树等3个主要树类的相对树高曲线模型。经检验,3个树类的模型用于林分材积估计的总相对误差都在±1%以内,相对误差绝对值平均数小于3.6%。其估计精度可达到近似实测树高曲线法的水平而又不增加野外工作量。此外,还将杉木和国外松人工林合并进行了建模,效果也相当理想,仍能满足建模精度要求。 相似文献
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笔者根据北京林业大学冯仲科教授提出的精准林业的理念,使用全站仪对树木材积进行量测,并将全站仪量测的材积数据与解析法所得砍伐数据进行比较,结果表明,全站仪量测立木材积的精度在91%以上,平均精度在96%左右,完全能满足高精度量测立木材积的要求,建议推广应用。 相似文献
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相对树高曲线模型的研究和应用 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文针对我国现行一元立木材积表估计立木材积对林分或样地偏差太大，直接利用二元立木材积表野外测绘树高曲线工作量大等实际问题，研究提出了利用相对树高曲线模型将二元立木材积表用于林分和样地立林材积估计的方法，其估计精度可达到近似实测树高曲线法的水平而又不增加野外工作量。 相似文献
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通常,林业工作者是采用解析木来分析树木直径、树高以及材积生长过程的。各龄阶的直径可以从圆盘上直接量测而得,但作为主要测树因子的树高,则是通过不同途径推算出来,因此不可避免地会产生误差。这种误差的性质、大小以及影响误差的因素, 相似文献
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基于湖南省主要树种模型研建项目中50块马尾松样地的每木胸径和树高实测数据，经数据预处理后，构建了马尾松固定参数相对树高曲线模型和可变参数相对树高曲线模型。基于构建的树高曲线模型，计算林木材积和样地蓄积，并以二元材积公式计算蓄积作为真值，将基于树高曲线模型计算的蓄积、二元材积公式计算蓄积和一元材积公式计算蓄积进行对比。结果表明：固定参数和可变参数相对树高曲线模型的决定系数分别为0.844和0.857,体现了较好的拟合精度；两种方法统计的总体蓄积相对误差均在5%以内，满足林业行业标准要求的允许误差范围；分径级组或分起源统计样地蓄积相对误差，相对树高曲线模型均较一元材积公式表现出更高的精度，能有效避免产生较大偏差。构建的马尾松相对树高曲线模型能应用于生产实践。 相似文献
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就伐区调查设计中因胸径、树高因子调查的误差引起材积误差的规律及其定量关系进行研究,提出提高伐区调查设计蓄积量精度的主要技术方法和措施。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献