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正犬猫皮肤病是能引起犬猫皮肤瘙痒、感染、结痂、脱毛及皮肤其他异常变化的疾病的统称,属于宠物犬猫临床上最常见的疾病之一。笔者于2016年1—10月份期间共接诊犬猫皮肤病病例587例,犬较常见的皮肤病是脓皮症,而猫较常见的是皮肤癣菌疾病。犬猫皮肤病不仅会对患病犬猫的外观造成很大的影响,而且还会对犬猫的训练、生活造成极大影响。另外,大部分犬猫皮肤病是一种人畜共患病。在临床诊断中由于皮肤病变的多样化和宠物在就诊时使用药物 相似文献
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由细菌所致的感染性疾病是犬常见的疾病,因此,抗菌药物也就成为犬临床上应用最广泛的药物之一。抗菌药物的广泛使用确实治愈了许多疾病,但由于抗菌药物不合理应用也导致了一些不良后果,例如不良反应的增多,细菌耐药性的增长,甚至治疗的失败等,给犬的健康造成重大影响。 相似文献
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由细菌所致的感染性疾病是犬最常见的疾病,因此抗菌药物也就成为犬临床上最广泛应用的药物之一。抗菌药物的广泛使用确实治愈了许多疾病,但由于抗菌药物不合理应用也导致了一些不良后果,如不良反应的增多、细菌耐药性的增 相似文献
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目前,在我国宠物诊疗中犬、猫误服人用药中毒现象屡见不鲜,这是由于动物主人对药物理化性质的不了解导致的.犬猫服用人用感冒药中毒常见于临床,人用感冒药如扑热息痛、白加黑、感康、感叹号、康必得等,其中都含有对乙酰氨基酚成分,对乙酰氨基酚是常用的感冒治疗用药,具有解热、镇痛作用,口服吸收迅速,但犬猫对对乙酰氨基酚非常敏感,较低剂量就可能导致中毒.笔者在动物诊疗过程中发现一例比熊犬因误服对乙酰氨基酚药物引起的犬中毒病的病例,现将诊治过程介绍如下.
1发病机理
对乙酰氨基酚经胃肠道吸收迅速,与葡萄糖醛酸化合物、硫酸盐、谷胱甘肽结合后,失去毒性;由于犬猫体内缺乏葡萄糖醛酸化合物,且在犬猫体内硫酸盐与对乙酰氨基酚结合能力都比较低,因此临床上一旦使用过量,极易导致中毒. 相似文献
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由于在犬猫皮肤病治疗中抗菌药物的不恰当使用,导致皮肤病病原的耐药性逐渐增强,小动物皮肤病的临床发病率不断增加,因此其预防工作也越来越重要。选用派乐菲魔法洗和派乐菲洗必灵两种宠物洗浴产品,进行体外抑菌试验,以检测其对皮肤致病真菌和细菌的抑菌效果。试验结果显示,派乐菲魔法洗和派乐菲洗必灵对于引起犬猫皮肤病的3种优势致病真菌和5种优势致病细菌具有较强的体外抑菌作用,优于其他阳性对照产品。结果表明,派乐菲魔法洗和派乐菲洗必灵两种宠物洗浴产品可有效地减少动物皮肤感染的风险,有效预防和控制宠物皮肤疾病,结果可为动物皮肤疾病的临床预防和治疗提供参考。 相似文献
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慢性肾衰竭作为犬猫临床上常见的疾病之一,其影响因素较多,缺血性因素,原发性肾脏疾病,继发性原因都有可能导致本病的发生。本文以犬猫慢性肾衰竭疾病为研究对象,从病因学、临床症状、诊断技术及治疗等方面对本病进行总结,以期对犬猫慢性肾衰竭的防治提供参考。慢性肾功能衰竭(Chronic Renal Failure,CRF)是在发生各种慢性肾脏疾病基础上,由于肾单位逐渐受损,缓慢发展的肾功能减退以致不可逆转的肾衰[1]。慢性肾衰竭作为老年动物常见病之一,随着中国宠物行业的发展,临床上发病率越来越高,研究发现约有1/10的老年犬,1/3老年猫受到慢性肾衰竭的困扰。因此,如何合理的诊治犬猫慢性肾衰竭,控制犬猫临床症状,提高慢性肾衰竭动物生活质量,显得尤为重要。 相似文献
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针对犬猫皮肤病在临床上通常多采用西医疗法,用抗菌素进行临床治疗,传统观念上认为用西医来治疗犬猫皮肤病能够见效快,效果好,但是实际情况并不如此乐观,那是因为抗菌素的使用极易培养出具有抗药性的菌株,导致犬猫的皮肤病治疗更加困难。本文通过进行某些中草药对犬猫皮肤病病原菌抑制效能试验,以期能够获得更为有效的治疗犬猫皮肤病的方法。 相似文献
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血尿在临床上是犬猫泌尿系统疾病中比较常见的一种疾病,本文就犬肝功能不全导致机体凝血功能障碍引起血尿的诊断和治疗病例. 相似文献
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Wiese AJ Muir WW Wittum TE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(12):2004-2009
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and characteristics of pain in dogs and cats examined by an emergency service at a veterinary teaching hospital and evaluate the response of dogs and cats with signs of pain to analgesic treatment. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 317 dogs and 112 cats. PROCEDURE: A questionnaire was used to categorize the characteristics of pain. The location, cause, and signs of pain were determined by obtaining a thorough history and conducting a physical examination. Pain was categorized by type (superficial somatic, deep somatic, or visceral), mechanism (inflammatory, neuropathic, or both), severity (mild, moderate, or severe), and duration. Evidence for primary or secondary hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity to manipulation was determined. The response to single or multiple analgesic drug administration was assessed. RESULTS: 179 (56%) dogs and 60 (54%) cats had signs of pain. In most of these dogs and cats, pain was classified as acute (< 24 hours' duration) and of moderate severity and was associated with primary hypersensitivity. Most dogs had deep somatic pain; most cats had visceral pain. Inflammation was the most common mechanism. One hundred nineteen (66%) dogs and 41 (68%) cats were treated with analgesic drugs. Analgesic treatment was considered effective in 73 (61%) dogs and 31 (76%) cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that moderate to severe acute somatic pain caused by inflammation is common in dogs and cats examined by an emergency service and that a combination of multiple analgesic drugs is more effective than any single analgesic drug in the treatment of pain in these dogs and cats. 相似文献
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Drug therapy in cats: a systems approach 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D M Boothe 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,196(9):1502-1511
In the second part of this 4-part series, drug therapy in cats is discussed by use of a systems approach. Specifically, drugs that can be used safely for treatment of disorders affecting the feline gastrointestinal, central nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, and urogenital systems are described. Many drugs that are used in dogs can be safely used in cats according to the same or similar dosing regimens. Several drugs that have traditionally been considered inappropriate (eg, morphine derivatives, primidone) can probably also be used, if cautiously, in cats. In contrast, use of several drugs that are safely used in other species should be avoided in cats (eg, selected emetics and antiemetics, phosphate salt enemas, and selected urinary antiseptics). Cats are more sensitive than dogs to the adverse side effects of a variety of drugs (eg, aspirin, digoxin, selected antiarrhythmics), and extra precautions must be taken when these drugs are used in cats. Finally, several drugs are used for the treatment of illnesses that tend to be unique to cats (eg, taurine and calcium-channel blockers in selected feline cardiovascular disorders). 相似文献
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Müntener CR Bruckner L Stürer A Althaus FR Caduff-Janosa P 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》2010,152(12):575-583
During the year 2009, 134 reports of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) were received (106 in the year 2008). The distribution according to species and drug classes remained in line with previous years. Companion animals were involved in most of the reports (46 % dogs, 19 % cats), followed by cattle or calves (22 %). Antiparasitic drugs made the biggest part with 30 % of the reports, followed by antiinfectives (19 %) and hormones (13 %). Some reactions following their use are specifically discussed. 95 additional enquiries about ADRs of VMPs were received by the Swiss Toxicological Information Centre in Zürich. Most of them concerned dogs or cats and antiparasitics or anti-inflammatory drugs. In the vaccinovigilance program, a total of 1020 reports were received, of which 1000 were related to the vaccination against blue tongue disease. The most frequently reported adverse reactions were aborts, mastitis or alterations of milk quality and they are specifically discussed. 相似文献
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Müntener CR Bruckner L Stürer A Althaus FR Caduff-Janosa P 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》2012,154(2):57-65
In 2010, we observed again an increase in the number of declarations reported to the vigilance system for veterinary medicinal products up to a total of 160. The species and drug classes reported remained the same as in previous years: the majority of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) concerned either dogs or cats and the most frequently involved drugs were either antiparasitic products or antiinfectives. Adverse reactions following reconversions and 8 cases of suspected allergic reactions following the use of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combinations in dogs were reported. Additional enquiries were processed by the Swiss Toxicological Information Centre and transmitted to Swiss medic. 11 of these reported accidental ingestions of flavoured tablets in overdose by dogs and some cats. The vaccino vigilance program received 179 declarations following immunization against blue tongue disease as well as 82 declarations following the application of other vaccines. The vigilance system increases the chance to identify rare reactions or interactions and thereby contributes to the security of veterinary medicinal products. 相似文献
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Use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs in dogs and cats 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SUMMARY: Responses (486) were collated from a survey of 5054 Australian veterinarians on their use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs in dogs and cats. Almost all respondents used glucocorticoids (usually prednisolone) to treat allergic, pruritic dermatoses in dogs, while two-thirds also gave fatty acid supplements and one-half used antihistamines. Almost 60% of respondents initially injected a glucocorticoid (frequently a long-acting preparation) when treating inflammatory skin diseases in dogs. More than 90% of respondents used glucocorticoids to treat immunemediated haemolytic anaemia or thrombocytopenia, and about one-third also gave cytotoxic drugs. Administration of prednisolone on alternate days was generally favoured for long-term enteral steroid therapy. Phenylbutazone was the most preferred treatment for painful or inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders of dogs, but aspirin and pentosan polysulphate were also used widely. Regarding the use of analgesics drugs generally, both narcotic analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were used more widely in dogs than in cats, but alpha-2 agonists were used similarly in both species. The most commonly used narcotic analgesics were pethidine and buprenorphine in both species, while the NSAIDs used most often were flunixin and dipyrone in dogs and ketoprofen in cats. More than 80% of respondents generally used analgesic drugs with potentially painful surgical procedures, with doses given usually before anaesthetic recovery. Analgesic use rates varied with the condition, ranging from 94% for patients with acute severe trauma, through 60% for cruciate ligament repair and 29% for perineal herniorrhaphy, to about 5% for ovariohysterectomy and dog castration. The three clinical signs most frequently nominated as indicators of pain in dogs and cats were (in descending order) vocalisation, response to handling or palpating the affected area, and mental depression. Other items mentioned frequently were behavioural changes and immobility (in both species), inappetence/anorexia in cats, and altered respiration in dogs. 相似文献
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Psychotropic drugs and behavioral therapy 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A R Marder 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1991,21(2):329-342
Psychotropic drugs often are helpful in the treatment of selected behavior problems in dogs and cats. Drug therapy is rarely curative by itself and in most cases is only indicated as ancillary therapy in a behavior modification program. Very few of the psychoactive drugs are approved for use in companion animals, and owners should be made aware that their use is considered experimental. Before prescribing any of the psychotropic drugs, veterinarians should be thoroughly familiar with dosages, side effects, and contraindications. Some of the more common behavior problems in which drug therapy may be useful are reviewed. 相似文献
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Pharmacokinetics of tinidazole in dogs and cats 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. SARKIALA A. JÄRVINEN S. VÄLTTILĆ M. MERO 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1991,14(3):257-262
Pharmacokinetics of tinidazole in dogs and cats after single intravenous (15 mg/kg) and oral doses (15 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) were studied in a randomized crossover study. Tinidazole was completely absorbed at both oral dose levels in cats and dogs. Peak tinidazole concentration in plasma was 17.8 micrograms/ml in dogs and 22.5 micrograms/ml in cats after 15 mg/kg p.o. The oral dose of 30 mg/kg resulted in peak levels of 37.9 micrograms/ml in dogs and 33.6 micrograms/ml in cats. The apparent total plasma clearance of the drug was about twofold higher in dogs than in cats, resulting in an elimination half-life that was twice as long in cats (8.4 h) as in dogs (4.4 h). The apparent volume of distribution was 663 ml/kg in dogs and 536 ml/kg in cats. Therapeutic plasma drug concentrations higher than the MIC values of most tinidazole-sensitive bacteria were achieved for 24 h in cats and for 12 h in dogs after a single oral dose of 15 mg/kg. From the pharmacokinetic standpoint tinidazole seems to be well-suited to clinical use in small animal practice. 相似文献