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杨梅根瘤内生菌的生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以5株细枝木麻黄、短枝木麻黄、粗枝木麻黄和四川桤木的共生Frankia菌株为对照,研究12株杨梅根瘤内生菌的形态培养特征、生理类群、细胞壁类型、营养源利用、固氮酶、宿主特异性等生物学特性.结果表明:供试菌株具有分枝状菌丝、多腔孢囊、泡囊等典型的Frankia结构,杨梅菌株FMrl6、FMr43和木麻黄菌株FCe64、FCe33还具有串珠状生殖菌丝.多数杨梅菌株在有氮培养基中能形成泡囊,固氮活性差异显著.细胞壁类型多为Ⅲ型,菌株FMrl6为Ⅱ型.生理类群有A、B和AB 3种,同一株杨梅根瘤内有B和AB 2种生理类群的菌株共存.菌株能良好利用丙酸钠、丙酮酸钠、乙酸钠、吐温和酪蛋白,部分菌株利用硝态氮、铵态氮和牛肉膏,利用糖类差,不利用蛋白胨和尿素,不使明胶液化,不分解纤维素,不产生硫化氢,不利用苯丙氨酸.杨梅根瘤内生菌可使原宿主结瘤,能感染沙枣和四川桤木,但不侵染木麻黄结瘤,这为菌株的选择应用提供基础. 相似文献
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用根瘤切片法和根瘤均浆法,从四川桤木和台湾桤木根瘤中分离出2株根瘤内生菌,并对其形态观察、生理类型和生物学特性进行研究。结果表明:菌株AC0812S009和AC0812T017的形态特征、生理类型和生物学特性相似。菌株具有典型的弗兰克氏菌菌丝体形态,初步判定为弗兰克氏菌,菌株生理类型为B型,最佳培养条件——碳源为吐温—80,pH值为7.0,培养温度为28℃。 相似文献
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木麻黄根瘤内生菌生物学特性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对与福建、广州的细枝木麻黄、短枝木麻黄和粗枝木麻黄共生的 1 7株根瘤内生菌进行了形态培养、生理类群、营养源利用、代谢酶、宿主特异性等生物学特性进行了系统研究。结果表明 ,1 7株木麻黄根瘤内生菌具有分枝状菌丝、孢囊、泡囊等Frankia菌的特征性结构 ,FCc64、FCc92、FCe3 3等菌株还具有串珠状菌丝段。木麻黄内生菌有A、B、AB等 3种生理类群 ,其中B群内生菌多。菌株离体培养具有固氮酶活性 ,且差异显著。多数木麻黄内生菌能良好利用吐温 ,只有少数菌株可利用葡萄糖等糖类物质。内生菌不同生理类群在碳氮源利用、有机酸羧化和代谢酶产生等方面没有明显的对应关系 ,表现出丰富的多样性。侵染试验表明木麻黄Frankia菌株不仅可在木麻黄属内种间进行交叉侵染 ,还能侵染杨梅、沙枣和桤木等植物结瘤。 相似文献
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研究４种土壤盆栽杨梅生长及结瘤固氮特性表明：花坛土有利于杨梅的生长和结瘤固氮，其生长量、结瘤量及根瘤固氮活性分别为３１．６８７ｇ／株、１．７８９ｇ／株和３．４２０μｍｏｌＣ２Ｎ４／（ｇ鲜瘤·ｈ）；红壤十砂（２：１混合）次之，在这种土壤上栽植的杨梅，其生长量略低于花坛土，结瘤量及根瘤固氮活性接近于花坛土；砂十花坛土（１０：１混合）居第三；红壤最差，仅为８。３２２ｇ／株、０．３３３ｇ／株和１．３１５μｍｏｌＣ２Ｈ４／（ｇ鲜瘤·ｈ）。红壤施用石灰（１５ｇ／盆）土壤ｐＨ为５．４～６．０时杨梅的生长量、结瘤量及根瘤固氮活性最高，分别为１８．５２４ｇ／株、１．１８２ｇ／株和２．５２４μｍｏｌＣ２Ｈ４／（ｇ鲜瘤·ｈ）；充足的水分有利于杨梅的生长和结瘤固氮，外套水盆以底部持续供水且底部渍水时杨梅的结瘤量、生长量和根瘤固氮活性均有提高，前者提高幅度较大，达３．５１９ｇ／株。杨梅根瘤固氮活性的季节动态和日变化是：一年中有两个活性高峰，分别在６～７月份和１０月份，１月份的固氮活性最低。一日中根瘤固氮活性以中午和夜间１２时最高。 相似文献
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玉簪白绢病菌最适培养基的筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国林副特产》2016,(2)
采用了从不同采集地得到的3个玉簪白绢病菌株,选用了5种常见培养基,对3个白绢病菌株进行培养。实验结果表明,所有供试菌株在5种培养基上均能生长、产核。但是菌丝生长与产核量存在差异,3个菌株在PDA、玉米粉琼胶培养基和燕麦片琼胶培养基上均生长良好,以PDA最佳,营养琼胶培养基上生长最差;平均产核量以PDA上最多;故得出,PDA为最适培养基。且菌株之间的在菌丝生长和产核量方面也存在差异,具体表现为Y1Y3Y2,菌丝生长与产核量成正相关关系。 相似文献
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海南岛热带木本豆科植物根瘤菌的溶磷作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对23株从海南尖峰岭自然保护区分离出的木本豆科植物根瘤菌及1株热带根瘤菌标准菌株进行溶磷圈定性试验及溶磷定量试验。结果表明:在以无机磷Ca3(PO4)2为唯一磷源的培养基内,有22株产生明显的溶磷圈;以Ca3(PO4)2为唯一磷源的培养液中有效磷含量超过平均值219.13mg·L-1的菌株有9株:caf333,caf443,caf336,caf278,caf344,caf444,caf276,caf436和caf341,溶磷能力最弱和最强的菌株分别为caf438和caf341,其培养液中的有效磷含量与对照相比分别增加了0.80和628.57mg·L-1;同一宿主、同一属种的根瘤菌不同菌株之间溶磷能力相差巨大;在以卵磷脂作为唯一磷源的培养基内,24株试验菌株均未出现溶磷圈。 相似文献
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石灰岩山地根瘤菌对台湾相思苗木生长效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从石灰岩山地不同立地条件的台湾相思林分中采集根瘤并分离获得12株根瘤菌,将其接种到台湾相思盆栽苗木中,5个月后测量苗木的株高、地径、生物量及根瘤结瘤情况。试验结果表明:①在石灰岩山地的台湾相思林分中,根瘤数量较多的是中、下坡,最少的是下坡;单个根瘤平均质量最重的是中坡,上坡和下坡次之,表明石灰岩山地的中坡最适合根瘤菌生长。②供试的12株菌株回接到台湾相思苗木后能全部侵染苗木根部并结成有效根瘤;与对照比较,菌株回接都不同程度地促进台湾相思苗木的株高、地径、生物量的增长,增长幅度分别为1.7%~39.0%、1.7%~18.1%和21.4%~135.7%;根瘤生物量也比对照增长3.04~12.94倍。综合分析结果表明,台4、台10菌株为优良菌株。 相似文献
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23株白僵菌菌株生物学特性的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在PDA与虫粉-蛋白胨2种培养基以及1%葡萄糖+7%麦皮滤液中,对23株白僵菌菌株的菌落形态、菌丝生长、产孢量以及在不同温度、湿度下的孢子萌发率、抗紫外线能力等方面进行了试验。结果表明:菌落形态可分为3种类型;在2种培养基上,同一菌株及不同菌株在不同培养基上的产孢量也有差异,菌丝徒长的产孢量低;不同温度、湿度下,不同菌株分生孢子萌发率有明显差异。与其它菌株相比,Bpp、Be2、Bd5、Bbt1、Bpx2、Bpr3菌株萌发率高,表现出较好的耐高温和抗旱性以及抗紫外线能力。 相似文献
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Frankia是一类能与非豆科树木共生结瘤固氮的放线菌。关于其属的分类目前比较确认 ,对于种水平的划分 ,虽然从可溶性蛋白类型 (张道海等 ,1 991 ;Bensonetal.,1 983;Gardesetal.,1 987a)、同功酶类型(Gardesetal.,1 987b ;张道海等 ,1 989)、脂肪酸 (Weeleretal.,1 986)、血清 (Bakeretal.,1 981 ;孙慧君等 ,1 991 )、宿主特异性 (Baker,1 987;Torreyetal.,1 989)、DNA同源性 (Fermamdexetal.,1 989;Akimovetal.,1 992 )、基因组 (Dobritsa ,1 985 )和质粒的限制酶切图谱 (Simonetetal.,1 985 )等诸多方面进行了分析 ,但由于研究的菌株数量有限 ,且培养过程中菌株的生物学特性易发生变异 ,因而迄今为止仍没有一种有效的种的分类方法。近年来 ,1 6SrDNA及其 1 6S～ 2 3SrDNA间隔序列作为一个分子标记 ,广泛应用于各种微生物的分子遗传差异和分类鉴定研究 (韦革宏等 ,1 999;冯瑞华 ,2... 相似文献
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In vitro culture of immature embryos from Koelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
For the mass production of Koelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola with selected, hybrid or genetically engineered genotypes, one potentially desirable propagation strategy is based on embryo culture. The immature embryo development in vitro from K. bipinnata var. integrifoliola was studied under different conditions of embryo age, basic culture media and plant growth regulators. The results show that: 1) germination rate of grade 3 embryos in immature seeds with 0.6–0.8 cm diameter was 98.9%. The germination rate of grade 2 embryos in immature seeds with 0.4–0.6 cm diameter was 77.8% and the germination rate of grade 1 embryos in immature seeds with 0.4 cm diameter was 15.6%. 2) The amounts of macroelements in MS medium had no clear effect on the germination rate of immature grade 3 embryos and had a modest effect on plantlet growth, where the best medium was MS or 1/2 MS. The rates were all greater than 90%. 3) The germination rate of grade 3 embryos was greater than 87% when the medium contained a low concentration of NAA or no plant growth regulators at all and decreased markedly when BAP alone or BAP and NAA together were added to the media. We suggest that in vitro culture of immature embryos from K. bipinnata var. integrifoliola can be enhanced when a small amount of plant growth regulators is added. The addition of BAP has an adverse reaction to the germination and development of immature embryos. 相似文献
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Caulogenic calli with a high differentiation potency were induced from mature embryos ofPicea jezoensis seeds stored over a long time, for 29 years, resulting in the active formation of adventitious buds. Embryos began to induce
calli within 3 weeks of cultivating on LP medium containing 3 μM BAP and 1 μM 2,4-D. Then, the calli proliferated and transformed
into caulogenic calli with bud primordia in 8 weeks. The caulogenic calli increased actively with the addition of 500 mg/l ofl-glutamine in the medium. Furthermore, caulogenic calli, induced on LP medium containingl-glutamine, resulted in the formation of adventitious buds, which elongated after transferring the calli into LP medium with
0.1 μM BAP, but withoutl-glutamine. It appears that the number of adventitious buds and the process of shoot elongation are influenced by the kind
of nitrogen contained in the medium for callus induction.
A part of this study was presented at the 107th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society (1996). 相似文献
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The endangered tropical tree, Aquilaria malaccensis, produces agarwood for use in fragrance and medicines. Efforts are currently underway to produce valuable agarwood compoundsn tissue culture. The purpose of this study was to develop an optimal growth medium, specifically, the best hormone combination for callus suspension culture. Using nursery-grown A. malaccensis, sterilized leaf explants were first incubated on basic Murashige and Skoog(MS) gel medium containing 15g/L sucrose and at pH 5.7. Different auxin types including 1-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D), and indole-3-butyric acid(IBA), were tested at various concentrations(0.55, 1.1 and 1.65 μM) using the basic medium. Leaf explants were incubated for 30 days in the dark. Callus induced by 1.1 μM NAA had the highest biomass dry weight(DW) of 17.3 mg; however the callus was of a compact type. This auxin concentration was then combined with either 6-benzylaminopurine(BAP) or kinetin at 0.55, 1.1, 2.2 or 3.3 μM to induce growth of friable callus. The 1.1μM NAA + 2.2μM BAP combination produced friable callus with the highest biomass(93.3mg DW). When testing the different carbon sources and pHs, sucrose at 15g/L and pH at 5.7 yielded highest biomasses at 87.7mg and 83 mg DW, respectively. Microscopic observations revealed the arrangement of the friable cells as loosely packed with relatively large cells, while for the compact callus, the cells were small and densely packed. We concluded that MS medium containing 15 g/L sucrose, 1.1 μM NAA + 2.2 μM BAP hormone combination, and a pH of 5.7 was highly effective for inducing friable callus from leaf explants of A. malaccensis for the purpose of establishing cell suspension culture. 相似文献
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A micropropagation protocol was established for a medicinal plant Vitex negundo. Genetic stability of micropropagated plants was investigated. Multiple shoots were induced from nodal explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 0.53 μM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 11.0 μM benzyl aminopurine (BAP) along with additives (ascorbic acid, 283.9 μM; citric acid, 130.1 μM; and arginine, 143.6 μM). Shoots were further multiplied by repeated transfer of the mother explant. The shoots were further multiplied on MS medium + 0.57 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 6.6 μM BAP. The micropropagated shoots were pulse treated with 122.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), in liquid MS medium and then transferred to autoclaved soilrite. These rooted ex vitro. Shoots were also rooted in vitro on a half-strength MS medium + 2.45 μM IBA. The survival rate of in vitro rooted plantlets was poor during hardening compared to ex vitro rooted plantlets. About 95% of the ex vitro rooted, hardened plantlets survived in the field. Genetic stability of micropropagated plants was tested by using 25 random amplified polymorphic DNA primers. The cloned plants exhibited no variation in banding pattern in comparison with the mother plant. 相似文献
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杜英等4个沿海岩质海岸防护林树种生物量初步研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
对杜英、湿地松、杨梅和枫香4个4年生沿海岩质海岸防护林树种生物量作了调查分析,结果表明,参试树种总生物量、地上部分和地下部分的生物总量均以湿地松为最高,杨梅、杜英和枫香依次递减.湿地松和枫香根生物量以在浅土层分布为主,深土层相对较少,杜英、杨梅分布则相对均衡;各树种大于4mm的粗根数量差异不大,而小于4mm的细根数量则存在一定差异,其中枫香细根量最多,其次为杜英和杨梅.此外,杨梅和杜英地上部分生物量明显占优势,而湿地松和枫香则相对较均衡. 相似文献