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1.
中幼龄兴安落叶松过伐林垂直结构综合特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
[目的]分析中幼龄兴安落叶松过伐林的垂直结构特征,为进一步研究演替趋势和优化林分结构等提供参考依据.[方法]以内蒙古根河林业局潮查林场境内在20世纪80年代初主伐利用后形成的兴安落叶松过伐林为研究对象,利用10块标准地数据,采用树冠光竞争高度原理将兴安落叶松过伐林林分垂直层次划分为主林层、演替层和更新层,分析各层高度、径级分布、树种组成、蓄积量和水平格局特点[垂直结构各层次特点均基于a(截止系数)取值0.5,量化分析各林层的结果].[结果]1)主林层、演替层和更新层平均高度分别为11.2,6.8和2.8m,各层次高度间在0.01水平上差异极显著.2)随着林分垂直层次增高,其径级分布由反J型向左偏单峰型转变,最终呈无规则单峰型形状.主林层径级分布呈无规则的单峰型,峰值在8～16径级处,以12和14径级为多数;演替层径级分布呈左偏单峰型,峰值主要在8径级处;更新层径级分布呈反J型,峰值在2径级处.3)各层树种组成差异较大.主林层对整个林分树种组成起关键作用,二者组成成数非常接近,也直接影响更新层的树种组成;演替层树种组成揭示,未来林分演替趋势将出现落叶松成数增多、白桦成数逐渐增多和树种组成相对稳定3种可能性.4)随着林分层次增高,其蓄积量增大,主林层、演替层和更新层蓄积量占林分总蓄积量的平均比例分别达67.3％,28.6％和4.1％.5)各层分布格局主要呈聚集分布,与林分整体分布格局并非完全一致.随着林层的下降,其聚集系数逐渐增大,聚集化程度明显增加.6)各层次对林分结构与功能具有不同的作用.随林龄增长,更新层株数减少,向演替层转移,演替层分布径级变大,逐渐接近主林层径级分布.[结论]要通过优化结构、调控林分演替可持续地经营复层异龄林,须从林分各层人手控制各树种径级株数比例、合理高度,并持续地确保有更新层的存在.林分垂直结构是林分某个特定阶段的结构特征,随着林龄增长,在不同生长阶段垂直结构将会发生变化,如何动态表述林分垂直结构特征将是今后研究的重点;在林分中,不同树种达到不同林层高度以及形成现有垂直层次结构时所需要的时间等方面也需深入研究. 相似文献
2.
《林业资源管理》2015,(1):54-59
根据对内蒙古大兴安岭兴安落叶松林样地调查结果,采用点格局分析法分析不同抚育采伐方式对兴安落叶松林群落活立木分布格局、兴安落叶松树种及其不同龄级活立木分布格局的影响。结果表明:1)不同抚育采伐方式对兴安落叶松林群落活立木分布格局具有明显影响。在兴安落叶松原始林内,活立木在0~2m尺度上呈现随机分布状态,超过2m则呈现显著性聚集分布,渐伐林内,活立木在2~9m尺度上呈现聚集分布,在其余尺度上呈现随机分布,皆伐林内,活立木在0~19m尺度上呈现聚集分布,r>19m时呈现随机分布。2)抚育采伐方式渐伐对兴安落叶松树种分布格局影响较小,而皆伐对兴安落叶松树种分布格局影响较显著。3)不同抚育采伐方式对龄级1活立木分布格局影响显著,渐伐对龄级2活立木分布格局影响较小,而皆伐对龄级2活立木分布格局影响显著,抚育渐伐对龄级3活立木分布格局影响不明显。 相似文献
3.
采用典型样地调查法,对内蒙古大兴安岭主要优势树种—白桦和兴安落叶松群落进行植物多样性及种群空间分布格局研究,结果表明:(1)在群落垂直结构上,白桦群落各层片间Pielou均匀度指数差异较大,Simpson多样性指数表现为草本层灌木层乔木层,兴安落叶松群落二者无显著性差异。(2)对于群落整体而言,白桦群落与兴安落叶松群落生物多样性指数均无显著性差异,但两者相应层片对比分析显示,前者草本层Patrick指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数显著大于后者。(3)白桦种群的分布格局均为聚集分布;因环境资源均质性,兴安落叶松种群格局表现为聚集分布和随机分布。本研究为大兴安岭森林群落结构稳定性及植物多样性保护提供理论依据。 相似文献
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通过对大兴安岭重度火烧后的兴安落叶松-白桦林自然更新情况进行的调查,结果表明:兴安落叶松-白桦林重度火烧后,未被烧除的兴安落叶松能正常产生种子。火烧后3年,兴安落叶松自然更新数量为560株hm~(-2);火烧后6年,自然更新数量为1 533株hm~(-2);火烧后10年为2 300株hm~(-2)。重度火烧区内,白桦几乎被烧光,白桦幼苗全部为萌生,3年、6年及10年其数量分别为750、2 560和6 530株hm~(-2)。火烧迹地自然更新幼苗中,兴安落叶松幼苗比例逐年降低,白桦幼苗比例不断增大,白桦表现出先锋树种更新能力及竞争适应性强的特点。 相似文献
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通过样地调查,分析了不同结构草类-落叶松林和杜香-落叶松林林木分布格局特征。研究表明:(1)年龄36 - 65年草类-落叶松林和年龄54 - 63年杜香-落叶松林分布格局中,均匀分布、随机分布和聚集分布所占比例分别为6.2%、50%、43.8%;(2)按林型分,草类-落叶松林分布格局中,均匀分布和随机分布所占比例均11.1%,聚集分布占77.8%。杜香-落叶松林分布格局均为随机分布;(3)树种组成在6落4阔 - 10落范围内,草类-落叶松林和杜香-落叶松林分布格局主要为聚集分布和随机分布两种类型。聚集分布主要集中在树种组成7落3阔 - 9落1阔范围内。 相似文献
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北京雾灵山保护区蒙椴林空间点格局分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据北京雾灵山自然保护区蒙椴林样地调查资料,采用点格局分析方法,对该群落的树种组成、优势种群及不同发育阶段种群的空间分布格局及其相互关系进行了研究。结果表明:1)蒙椴林中乔木层共有9个种群,种群密度差异较大,蒙椴种群的株数比例和断面积占有明显优势。2)蒙椴林优势种群的分布格局和空间关联性与空间尺度的关系密切,在研究尺度范围内,蒙椴种群和山杨种群均呈显著性聚集分布,白桦种群呈随机分布。优势种群的空间关联性以负关联为主,种间竞争激烈。3)不同发育阶段个体的空间格局随尺度的变化明显,大树在整个空间尺度上呈现随机分布,中树和幼树在中小尺度上(r<24m)呈显著性聚集分布,在较大尺度上呈随机分布。不同发育阶段种群之间空间关联性以负关联为主,当空间尺度大于临界值时,大树和中树、幼树的空间关联性减弱,而中树和幼树的负关联增强。 相似文献
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以内蒙古大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松天然林的3种主要林型杜香-兴安落叶松林、杜鹃-兴安落叶松林、草类-兴安落叶松林为研究对象,利用样地调查数据,研究其土壤种子库与天然更新的相关性。采用SPSS及Winkelmass软件进行单因素方差、相关性及空间分布格局分析。结果显示:土壤种子在不同林型间存在显著差异,并且不同土层当中各林型组的种子密度均呈现明显的垂直分布。从土壤种子库与幼苗天然更新株数的相关系数来看,幼苗天然更新与土壤种子库有活力种子及枯落物层种子的相关性极好、与土层0～5 cm的种子存在显著正相关,而与土层5～10 cm种子相关性不显著。3种主要林型平均角尺度分别是:杜香-兴安落叶松林w=0.595、杜鹃-兴安落叶松林w=0.576、草类-兴安落叶松林w=0.596,平均角尺度均大于0.517,更新幼苗分布格局均呈现聚集分布。幼苗天然更新与土壤种子库有一定的关联性,种源条件是制约兴安落叶松天然更新的主要因素之一。 相似文献
9.
金沟岭林场过伐林更新幼苗空间结构分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对吉林省汪清县金沟岭林场过伐林的更新幼苗株数及其分布格局进行了研究.结果表明:研究林分更新幼苗株数分布呈倒"J"型,主要树种更新幼苗株数由多到少依次为色木、冷杉、云杉和椴树,其它树种更新幼苗株数均较少;色木、冷杉和云杉的更新幼苗株数均随幼苗等级的增大而减少,椴树的更新幼苗株数随幼苗等级的增大而增多,红松、榆树和水曲柳株数变化没有规律;逆函数、三次函数、二次函数、复合函数,幂函数、生长函数、指数函数和逻辑函数均符合林分株数分布规律;分布格局采用方差均值比率法和4种聚集度指标法共同检验,结果表明林分及其主要树种更新幼苗的分布格局均为聚集分布,云杉和冷杉聚集强度居前两位. 相似文献
10.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(9)
利用金沟岭林场8块落叶松人工林固定标准地1986年、2001年、2008年的更新调查数据,研究了其天然更新的密度和分布格局动态。结果表明:林龄为中龄林(1986年)、近熟林(2001年)、成熟林(2008年)时,天然更新密度分别为1 734、1 956、2 544株/hm~2,中龄林、近熟林天然更新等级均为不良,成熟林更新等级为中等;中龄林更新较多的为云冷杉等针叶树种,随着林龄的递增,阔叶树种的更新增多;全林分在中、近、成熟林阶段分布格局均为聚集分布,聚集的程度随着林龄的增加而降低;各个树种更新分布格局也随林龄变动而发生变化,成熟林时,分布格局均为聚集分布。本研究通过分析更新密度和幼苗幼树的格局分布随林龄的动态变化,揭示落叶松人工林天然更新的发展趋势为云冷杉针阔混交林,为林分的可持续经营提供理论依据。 相似文献
11.
[目的]了解沙地樟子松天然纯林中枯立木的数量及空间结构特征,探究枯立木形成的原因,为樟子松林的保护和经营提供依据。[方法]在沙地樟子松天然纯林中设置2块1 hm~2的大样地,用全站仪对样地中所有胸径大于5 cm的立木进行定位并进行全面调查;对调查样地的基本特征,枯立木的数量特征及径级分布进行了分析,提出了用于表达林分中枯立木微环境的活立木比的概念,并采用林分空间结构参数一元分布和二元分布分析方法,对枯立木与其最近4株相邻木的关系进行分析。[结果]2块不同密度的樟子松天然纯林下更新幼苗和枯立木数量相差较大,密度较小(样地1)的样地更新幼苗和枯立木较少,而密度较大的样地(样地2)中枯立木达到200棵,林下更新幼苗数量达到15 280株·hm~(-2);樟子松天然纯林样地内枯立木主要以小径级木为主,胸径集中在11 cm以下;样地1枯立木径级连续分布,幅度较窄;样地2中的枯立木径级幅度较宽,但在20 22 cm缺刻,有2株大于23 cm的枯立木;2块样地中枯立木的分布格局均为随机分布,样地1中枯立木周围的4株相邻立木大多为活立木,且胸径较枯立木大;样地2中,只有一半的枯立木周围的最近4株立木为活立木,且有三分之一以上的枯立木胸径不是最小的,枯立木有连续分布的现象。2块样地中枯立木的角尺度-大小比数二元分布特征的差异不明显,而角尺度-活立木比二元分布特征和大小比数-活立木比二元分布特征差异明显,样地1中枯立木的最近4株随机分布于其周围的相邻木为活立木且胸径大于枯立木的比例明显高于样地2,而枯立木最近4株随机分布于其周围的相邻木有枯立木的比例明显小于样地2。[结论]樟子松天然纯林枯立木以小径级林木为主,枯立木的数量与林分密度相关,林木竞争是林木死亡的主要原因,密度过大也会产生病虫害,因此,对天然樟子松纯林要进行适度经营,保持合理密度。 相似文献
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The objective of our study was to examine whether distribution of regeneration in uneven-aged fir (Abies alba Mill.) forests is related to the spatial pattern of trees. In 12 sample plots of size 0.45–1.00 ha (in total 8.65 ha, with stand basal areas ranging from 27.6 m2 ha–1 to 39.5 m2 ha–1), all live and dead trees above 5 cm in d1.3 were mapped and their diameters measured. In eight plots, all live and dead fir saplings were mapped. In three plots, the number of live fir saplings and seedlings was registered on small systematically distributed circular plots. The values of an analytically developed index of stand influence were compared in patches occupied and unoccupied by live or dead fir regeneration. Contrary to preliminary assumptions, only in a few cases did saplings and trees 5–15 cm in d1.3 appear more often in gaps and looser stand patches. Rather, in many plots, the opposite tendency was observed. The seedling density showed a weak but positive correlation with the index of influence. If the spatial pattern of regeneration reflects the spatially varying mortality of juvenile trees, then no evidence was found that stand competition was the most important factor inducing this mortality. On the contrary, on the basis of the results obtained, we can presume that the survival rate of juvenile firs was higher in patches with a relatively higher local basal area. Thus, it was hypothesised that, first, dispersion of regeneration in uneven-aged fir forests is controlled by easy-to-change edaphic factors such as humus form and acidity of the upper soil horizons, and second, that these soil features are linked with the spatial pattern of trees. 相似文献
13.
研究了大兴安岭地区不同林型林隙的更新密度、边缘木数量及形成原因,结果表明:1)林隙一般由11~24株落叶松、白桦所形成,平均为16.94株;形成方式主要有立枯、折干和拔根倒,11.8%为折干,35.3%为立枯,41.2%为拔根倒。2)林隙所在坡位中58.9%为中下和下坡位,41.1%为中上坡位。3)在杜香-落叶松林、草类-落叶松林和藓类-落叶松林更新密度所受到的制约因子不同,杜香-落叶松林的林隙更新主要受坡度的影响,草类-落叶松林的林隙更新主要受长短轴比的影响,藓类-落叶松林的林隙更新主要受边缘木数量的影响。 相似文献
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兴安落叶松天然林2种林型林分更新特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了内蒙古大兴安岭林分结构对兴安落叶松林更新的影响。结果表明:1)年龄56~65 a草类-落叶松林平均更新密度达1 363株/hm2,较54~63 a杜香-落叶松林和36~48 a草类-落叶松林分别高12.8%,36.5%。2)年龄36~65 a,密度315~3 263株/hm2范围内的草类-落叶松和年龄54~63 a密度865~2 241株/hm2范围内的杜香-落叶松林,在其它条件相近情况下,随着林分年龄和密度增加,林分更新呈增加趋势;随着枯倒木数量和其腐烂程度的增加,更新密度增加;随着林下草本和灌木盖度增加,更新密度呈下降趋势。3)不同水平格局的林分更新不同,当聚集分布、随机分布和均匀分布时,平均更新密度分别为1 415株/hm2,1 165株/hm2,118株/hm2。 相似文献
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We compared the dead wood (DW) conditions of Cheshmeh-sar forest and Sardab forest with different management history,including reserve forest and harvested forest. The First forest took 100% inventory from all the available DW. Also dead trees were compared interms of species, shape, location and quality of fracture in both forests.Volumes of dead wood in Cheshmeh-sar and Sardab forests were 207.47and 142.74 m3, respectively. Due to this significant difference, impact onthe management level was determined. In Cheshmeh-sar forest, 42% ofdead trees were standing and 58% were fallen type while in Sardab forest 38.6% were standing and 61.4% fallen. But the difference was not statistically significant between them (p = 0.0587). In terms of quality, dead trees of hard, soft and hollow had the highest frequency, respectively.However, 71.5% of DW was seen as hard dead in Cheshmeh-sar forestwhile hard dead trees in Sardab forests were 54.2%. Soft quality degree ofdead trees which formed in Cheshmeh-sar and Sardab forest were calculated as 26.6% and 43.4% respectively. Also 30% of the dead trees of Sardab forest were eradicated while in Cheshmeh-sar this amount was reduced to 12%. Due to this significant difference ((Р=0/018), it is concluded that the type of management and human interference are affecting the quality of dead trees and makes us to think the human interferences could effect on the ecosystem of touched forests. 相似文献
17.
We investigated the effects of selective logging on stand structure and regeneration in selectively logged subboreal forests
in Taisetsuzan National Park in Hokkaido in northern Japan. The basal area decreased and the size structure of trees altered
in the stands studied due to repeated, intense selective logging, in which larger trees were cut down as a priority. Sapling
density in the stands was much lower than that in primary forests. In the simple and multiple regression analyses that were
used to estimate the effects of selective logging on sapling density, sapling density had a significant positive correlation
with tree density and had little correlation with the density of logged stumps or the height ofSasa (dwarf bamboo) growing on the forest floor. These results suggest that the establishment sites around canopy trees influenced
the establishment of saplings, rather than the gaps caused by selective logging. However, both the coefficient of determination
and the standardized partial regression coefficient of multiple regression analysis were higher for the stand with a dense
cover ofSasa than for the stand with a sparse cover ofSasa. Thus, the success of regenerating forests with selective logging depends on both the site of advanced regeneration and the
light conditions that regulate growth. 相似文献
18.
Masashi Ohsawa Yoshio Kuroda Mitsutoshi Tsunoda Keizo Katsuya 《Journal of Forest Research》1996,1(2):107-110
Damage caused by stem-rot and the progress of the causal fungi in old-aged Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr.) was investigated at the foot of Mt. Fuji. Stem-rot was found in 75% of 108 trees investigated, and volume
of rot was 6% of the total wood volume in the forest investigated. Stem-rot damage was much greater than the damage by butt-rot.Stereum sanguinolentum (Alb. and Schw. ex Fr.) Fr. infected larch trees at the greatest incidence (49.4%). However,Porodaedalea chrysoloma (Fr.) Imaz. caused the most volume loss to the trees.S. sanguinolentum infected larch stems mainly through stem wounds, and decay caused by the fungus progressed 9.75×102 cm3/year on average.P. chrysoloma infected larch stems mainly through dead branches and wounds, and the average rate of decay progress for the fungus was 2.74×103 cm3/year. 相似文献
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20.
José Ramón Arévalo 《林业研究》2013,24(1):47-52
I analyzed the spatial distribution and structure of trees in a cross timber forest in the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve (Pawhuska, Oklahoma, USA). I mapped and measured diameter of all stems, saplings (>1.5m tall) and dead trees in a 4-ha plot. The stand was dominated by Quercus stellata and Q. marilandica. In total, I mapped 7,636 trees, consisting of 6,785 Q. stellata, 846 Q. marilandica, 2 Celtis occidentalis, 1 Fraxinus pensilvanica and 2 Prunus americana. For saplings, I mapped 54 Q. stellata and 21 Q. marilandica. The size class distribution of the two dominant species did not differ. The dominant mortality class was "standing dead", while I only found saplings less than 2 m tall. The spatial distribution of the species indicated segregation in the use of the environment, generating a clumped univariate distribution of stems of the same species within radii of 30m, but repulsion outside 30m. This segregation can be explained by the different ecological requirements of each species. 相似文献