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采用水培法研究外源硅对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗可溶性糖、游离氨基酸等渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫下适量的增加硅供应能增加叶片和根系中渗透调节物质含量,其中根系中游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量的增加幅度大于叶片;同时能增加玉米幼苗各器官K+的含量,降低不同部位Na+含量,维持玉米幼苗体内的离子平衡。研究表明,硅参与盐胁迫下渗透调节物质在植物中的运输和分配,适宜浓度的硅能提高玉米耐盐性。 相似文献
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研究不同供磷水平对NaCl胁迫下玉米幼苗有机渗透调节物质和离子含量的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫下低磷处理玉米幼苗叶片中可溶性糖和游离氨基酸增加,根系中显著降低;增加供磷水平,叶片中可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量下降,根系中含量上升,同时叶片和根系中可溶性蛋白含量增加。磷可降低盐胁迫下玉米幼苗各器官中的Na~+含量,同时增加各器官的K~+、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)含量,降低Na~+/K~+与Na~+/Ca~(2+)比值。磷有助于维持植株的碳氮代谢平衡,促进有机渗透调节物质的运输与分配,改善各器官的离子平衡,增强植株的渗透调节能力,从而缓解盐胁迫带来的伤害。 相似文献
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为了解重金属对青稞幼苗的伤害机理以及青稞对重金属胁迫的抗性作用,以青稞幼苗为实验材料,采用水培方法研究了50 mg·L-1 Pb2+、Cd2+胁迫对青稞幼苗叶片相对含水量（RWC）、丙二醛（MDA）和脯氨酸含量、抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,50 mg·L-1 Pb2+ 胁迫下青稞幼苗的叶片相对含水量（RWC）变化不大,丙二醛（MDA）和脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性在胁迫后期有所升高,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性在前期升高比较明显,其后缓慢下降。50 mg·L-1 Cd2+胁迫下青稞幼苗叶片RWC明显减少,MDA含量显著增加,脯氨酸含量先急剧升高后下降,POD、CAT活性随着胁迫时间的增加而显著增强,其中CAT活性在胁迫末期稍有下降,SOD活性先明显升高后下降。综合来看,青稞幼苗在受到相同浓度Pb2+、Cd2+胁迫时,对Pb2+的抵抗能力大于Cd2+。 相似文献
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氯化胆碱浸种处理对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发以及幼苗生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了明确氯化胆碱对盐害的缓解作用,以小麦品种周麦18为材料,采用不同浓度（0、200、400、600和800 mg·L-1）的氯化胆碱溶液浸种处理,研究氯化胆碱浸种对NaCl（150 mmol·L-1）胁迫下种子萌发以及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫下小麦种子的萌发受到抑制,叶片叶绿素含量以及根系活力下降,叶片质膜透性增大,丙二醛和脯氨酸含量上升;而400 mg·L-1氯化胆碱浸种处理能明显提高盐胁迫下小麦种子的萌发率,缓解幼苗叶绿素的降解,增加可溶性糖含量,提高根系活力,降低叶片质膜透性,减少丙二醛和脯氨酸的积累。由此说明,氯化胆碱浸种可以缓解盐胁迫引起的小麦幼苗的失水伤害以及膜脂过氧化,从而增强小麦幼苗的抗盐性。 相似文献
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NaCl胁迫对玉米幼苗有机渗透调节物质的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以玉米品种硕秋8(耐盐)、金刚5号(盐敏感)为实验材料,设置0、40、80、120 mmol/L共4个NaCl浓度处理,从萌发期开始胁迫至幼苗期,对部分有机渗透调节物质进行研究。结果表明,两个品种可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、叶片中游离氨基酸含量均随NaCl胁迫浓度增加而增加;根系中游离氨基酸含量在120 mmol/L浓度时显著高于其他处理,盐敏感品种的增加幅度不如耐盐品种增加的幅度大;盐敏感品种在NaCl胁迫下的渗透调节能力小于耐盐品种。 相似文献
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为探讨盐碱胁迫下小麦阳离子吸收和分配特点,采用两种中性盐（NaCl和Na2SO4）和两种碱性盐（NaHCO3和Na2CO3）混合模拟不同浓度盐碱胁迫条件,对龙麦26和克旱16两种不同基因型春小麦幼苗进行14 d胁迫处理,测定和分析了叶片和根系中Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量的变化。结果表明,盐碱混合胁迫增加了小麦幼苗Na+含量,且随着盐浓度的增加和碱性盐比例的提高,Na+含量逐渐增加;龙麦26幼苗K+的吸收规律与Na+相同,而克旱16幼苗K+含量变化与之相反;盐碱混合胁迫通过降低植株的K/Na限制了Ca2+、Mg2+的吸收量,且阻碍了Ca2+、Mg2+由根向地上部的运转,致使叶片中Ca2+、Mg2+含量降低。盐碱混合胁迫下,小麦对Na+、K+等一价阳离子与Ca2+、Mg2+等二价阳离子的吸收上表现为拮抗作用。 相似文献
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以玉米自交系Mo17为材料,用不同浓度的EBR处理150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫的玉米幼苗,测定其叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和根系活力等指标,同时通过荧光定量PCR测定CAT酶基因和ZMPIP2-4基因的表达。结果表明,EBR处理后,玉米幼苗的POD酶活性、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量和根系活力增加,MDA含量降低。EBR处理浓度为0.1 mg/L时,可溶性糖、过氧化物酶和根系活力显著增加;EBR浓度为0.001 mg/L时,酶(CAT)基因的表达量有明显上升。EBR浓度为0.1 mg/L时,在生理层面可有效增加玉米抗盐胁迫的能力;0.001 mg/L时在基因层面可显著增加玉米幼苗抗盐胁迫CAT和ZMPIP2-4基因表达量。有效缓解盐胁迫的最适EBR浓度为0.1 mg/L。玉米幼苗抗胁迫基因表达后调控具体机理尚不清楚,需进一步探究。 相似文献
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Climate change with increasing temperature and ocean acidification (OA) poses risks for marine ecosystems. According to Pörtner and Farrell [1], synergistic effects of elevated temperature and CO2-induced OA on energy metabolism will narrow the thermal tolerance window of marine ectothermal animals. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of an acute temperature rise on energy metabolism of the oyster, Crassostrea gigas chronically exposed to elevated CO2 levels (partial pressure of CO2 in the seawater ~0.15 kPa, seawater pH ~ 7.7). Within one month of incubation at elevated Pco2 and 15 °C hemolymph pH fell (pHe = 7.1 ± 0.2 (CO2-group) vs. 7.6 ± 0.1 (control)) and Peco2 values in hemolymph increased (0.5 ± 0.2 kPa (CO2-group) vs. 0.2 ± 0.04 kPa (control)). Slightly but significantly elevated bicarbonate concentrations in the hemolymph of CO2-incubated oysters ([HCO− 3]e = 1.8 ± 0.3 mM (CO2-group) vs. 1.3 ± 0.1 mM (control)) indicate only minimal regulation of extracellular acid-base status. At the acclimation temperature of 15 °C the OA-induced decrease in pHe did not lead to metabolic depression in oysters as standard metabolism rates (SMR) of CO2-exposed oysters were similar to controls. Upon acute warming SMR rose in both groups, but displayed a stronger increase in the CO2-incubated group. Investigation in isolated gill cells revealed a similar temperaturedependence of respiration between groups. Furthermore, the fraction of cellular energy demand for ion regulation via Na+/K+-ATPase was not affected by chronic hypercapnia or temperature. Metabolic profiling using 1H-NMR spectroscopy revealed substantial changes in some tissues following OA exposure at 15 °C. In mantle tissue alanine and ATP levels decreased significantly whereas an increase in succinate levels was observed in gill tissue. These findings suggest shifts in metabolic pathways following OA-exposure. Our study confirms that OA affects energy metabolism in oysters and suggests that climate change may affect populations of sessile coastal invertebrates such as mollusks. 相似文献
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为研究盐胁迫下小麦维持钾、钠平衡的生理机制,以耐盐小麦沧麦6005和盐敏感小麦矮抗58为材料,利用TEA、NEM、Ba(NO_3)_2三种药物分别抑制钾离子通道、钾载体及非选择性阳离子通道,测定正常及盐胁迫下小麦叶片K~+、Na~+含量,比较耐盐性不同的小麦品种在K~+、Na~+吸收中的差异。结果显示,盐胁迫下,沧麦6005和矮抗58叶片K~+含量下降,Na~+含量增加;沧麦6005叶片Na~+含量低于矮抗58,K~+/Na~+比值高于矮抗58。正常条件下,NEM、TEA处理均可降低沧麦6005和矮抗58叶片K~+含量,NEM处理较TEA处理效果更为明显;TEA处理显著降低了盐胁迫下矮抗58叶片K~+含量,而NEM处理则明显降低了盐胁迫下沧麦6005的叶片K~+含量;TEA、NEM、Ba(NO_3)_2处理降低了盐胁迫下矮抗58叶片Na~+含量,仅NEM处理降低了沧麦6005叶片Na~+含量。综上所述,正常条件下,钾载体是小麦K~+吸收的主要方式;盐胁迫下,耐盐品种和盐敏感品种K~+吸收途径不同,耐盐品种的NSCCs和钾离子通道具有更强的"拒钠"能力。 相似文献
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The absorption and dynamics of Cs in crops can be measured and examined using not only 137Cs but also 133Cs, a stable isotope which can be analyzed in a regular laboratory. When 133Cs is used, however, the concentration of added 133Cs must be set higher than that in the soil solution due to the detection sensitivity of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). There is concern that such high Cs concentrations may adversely affect crops and interfere with Cs dynamics. Using soybean as a test product, we first examined the initial growth of soybean cultivated under exposure to solutions with different 133Cs concentrations. In combination with each 133Cs concentration, two potassium (K) concentrations were tested. Results show that at both K concentrations, growth was inhibited under 133Cs concentrations higher than 1 × 10?3 mol L?1. Soybeans cultivated at 133Cs concentrations higher than 1 × 10?6 mol L?1 can be subject to ICP-OES for measuring 133Cs concentrations in the plant tissue. Next, soybeans cultivated under different 133Cs concentrations throughout growth were examined for Cs distribution in the plants. The distribution patterns of Cs in soybean plants cultivated at 133Cs concentrations equivalent to those found in the soil were almost identical to those in plants cultivated at measurable 133Cs concentrations (1 × 10?6–1 × 10?4 mol L?1) as measured with ICP-OES. Therefore, in our investigation, 133Cs distribution in soybean plants treated with up to 1 × 10?4 mol L?1 was considered equivalent to that in plants cultivated in the field. 相似文献
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Denise Barguil Nepomuceno Grasielle Caldas Dvila Pessoa Ricardo Nascimento Araújo Leonardo Barbosa Koerich Maurício Roberto Viana Sant&#x;Anna Marcos Horcio Pereira Nelder Figueiredo Gontijo 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2022,22(2)
Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) females have been intensively studied regarding the regulation of midgut pH. The mechanisms involved in pH regulation are complex, and some aspects remain to be clarified. Here, we investigated the role of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump as an electrochemical potential generator and its modulation by the second messenger cAMP in the midgut of female L. longipalpis. Our results suggest that not only may Na+/K+-ATPase be the main generator of an electrochemical potential across membranes in the midgut of female L. longipalpis, but also its activity is positively regulated by cAMP. cAMP-mediated Na+/K+-ATPase pump activity might be necessary to maintain the transport of the nutrients produced during blood digestion. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(1):42-46
AbstractNortheast China Produces An Abundance of Maize (Zea Mays L.), and Improvement of Maize Yield At This Region Correlates Closely With Ensure Food Supply Safely of China. in Recent Years, Deficiency Or Relative Deficiency of Potassium (K) in The Soil Is An Important Limitation To Maize Production. Maize inbred Lines Tolerant To K Deficiency (T) and Sensitive To K Deficiency (C) Were Hydroponically Grown in 1/2 Hoagland Solution To Study The Possible Mechanism of Maize Tolerance To Potassium Deficiency From Physiological Point of View. With The Reduction of K+ Concentration, Dw of The Plant Became Apparently Greater in T Than in C, The Symptom of Potassium Deficiency Advanced in C. Under K Deficiency, The Taproot Elongation increased and Root Top Ratio Decreased To A Greater Degree in C Than in T, C Had Fawer Lateral Roots. T Had A Stronger K+-Uptake Ability Than C, and The Difference Was More Obvious in Culture Solution With A Lower K+ Concentrations of Culture Solution. K+ Dependent H+ Extrusion From The Root Treated With K+ Deficiency Was Larger in T Than in C. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(1):65-66
AbstractThe 15N - labeled technique was used to study the stock, transformation, fate and utilization efficiency of N in the farming–pig husbandry–biogas ecosystem in rice areas. It was shown that the crude protein digestibility of the ensilaged milk vetch by pig was 53.76%, the recovery rates of ensilaged milk vetch N from the pig feces and urine were 39.36% and 24.71%, respectively. The recovery rate of biogas fermentation N of pig feces and urine was 97.9%. The quantity of alkali-hydrolysable N was 2.6 times as great as before the fermentation. The mixed application of milk vetch, biogas-tank sludge and chemical fertilizer could promote N partitioning to rice grain, therefore it was advantageous to yield improvement. The residual quantity in soil of the fertilizer N was equivalent to 2.0 - 2.5 times that of only chemical fertilizer and yet gaseous loss N of the latter was 2.6-8.2 times that of the former. The comprehensive economic effect of the whole ecosystem increased by times, compared with the only milk vetch-early rice-late rice pattern, and ecological effect and social effect were also very prominent. 相似文献
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小麦品质改良是东北春麦区强筋小麦育种的主要目标之一。Glu-B1位点7OE+8*亚基为超强筋小麦品种必备基因。为了明确该亚基在东北春麦区强筋小麦遗传背景下的品质遗传效应,本研究利用分子标记和选择回交相结合的手段,将7OE+8*亚基定向导入到强筋小麦品种龙麦26和龙麦35（Glu-B1位点均为7+9亚基）的遗传背景之中,对BC5F1、BC6F1群体和自交BC6F2鉴定获得的纯合品系进行7OE+8*亚基遗传效应评价。结果表明,在强筋小麦品种龙麦26(7+9)和龙麦35(7+9)遗传背景下转入7OE+8*亚基后,其干面筋、面筋指数、形成时间、稳定时间、断裂时间、拉伸面积、延伸性和最大抗延阻力等品质指标3年平均分别提高1.3%(P=0.82)和1.8%(P=0.49)、6.6%(P=0.59)和4.7%(P=0.37)、55.0%(P=0.24)和35.8%(P=0.56)、44.5%(P=0.43)和32.8%(P=0.73)、41.4%(P=0.31)和30.0%(P=0.66)、28.0%(P=0.05)和23.4%(P=0.37)、6.5%(P=0.47)和5.8%(P=0.42)、19.5%(P=0.31)和18.0%(P=0.38);Zeleny沉降值2年平均分别提高6.8%和11.4%。以上结果表明,在2个强筋小麦品种遗传背景下,Glu-B1位点转入7OE+8*亚基较7+9亚基对各项品质指标改良均存在正向效应,但提高幅度存在差异,对形成时间、稳定时间、断裂时间、最大抗延阻力、拉伸面积等衡量面筋质量的指标提高幅度更大,表明该亚基对面筋质量改良效应显著。综上所述,7OE+8*亚基可作为东北春麦区强筋小麦遗传背景下品质性状进一步改良的优选基因,为超强筋小麦育种的重要基因资源。 相似文献
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以豫玉32和豫玉33干种子为原始材料，用低能N+离子注入，观察并记载低能N+离子注入玉米干种子后对当代玉米幼苗期几个性状的影响。发现不同品种的玉米种子对相同剂量的N+离子注入的敏感程度不同；低能N+离子对种子的发芽率、幼苗的根长、株高都有很大的影响；从玉米防倒伏的角度考虑，发现1.0×1017 ion/cm2可能是对豫玉33和豫玉32进行诱变的最佳剂量，为下一步大规模地开展玉米低能N+离子诱变打下了基础。 相似文献
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盐碱胁迫对小麦种子萌发、早期幼苗生长及Na+、K+代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为给盐碱地区小麦合理种植提供依据,以春小麦品种吉麦3号为材料,混合两种中性盐（NaCl∶Na2SO4=4∶1）与两种碱性盐（Na2CO3∶NaHCO3=4∶1）分别模拟不同强度的盐、碱胁迫条件,探讨小麦种子萌发、早期幼苗生长及Na＋、K＋代谢对其的响应方式,并比较种子萌发期与早期幼苗生长阶段耐盐碱能力的强弱。结果表明,碱胁迫使小麦种子的发芽率、发芽速率及早期幼苗生长的下降幅度大于盐胁迫,高盐环境下未萌发的种子在蒸馏水中复萌较好,而高碱环境下则多数死亡。盐碱胁迫对小麦早期幼苗根生长的抑制程度显著大于茎叶,并且该阶段的耐盐碱性明显低于种子萌发期。随着盐碱胁迫浓度的增加,小麦幼苗根与茎叶中的Na＋含量与Na＋/K＋显著增加,且在碱胁迫下,尤其是根中Na＋含量和Na＋/K＋值更高,盐胁迫下K＋含量在根与茎叶中变化不明显,而在碱胁迫下则呈下降趋势。上述结果说明,盐胁迫与碱胁迫对小麦种子活力和早期幼苗生长与生理代谢的影响有着明显的不同,根中大量积累Na＋是小麦在早期幼苗阶段耐盐碱性的重要生理特征。小麦种子萌发期与早期幼苗生长阶段耐盐碱性具有明显的差异,盐碱胁迫下种子即使能够萌发也不意味着能够继续生长成苗。 相似文献
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为了解盐胁迫下燕麦幼苗Na~+、K~+吸收和离子积累规律,以燕麦品种中耐盐性较强的Vao-9和耐盐性较弱的白燕5号为试验材料,用离子流检测技术研究了70 mmol·L~(-1)盐(NaCl和Na_2SO_4摩尔比1∶1混合)胁迫0、24、48和72 h后,幼苗根系Na~+、K~+流速、流向,并测定根、茎、叶中Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)积累量。结果表明,盐胁迫48 h后,根系Na~+外排速率显著增加(P0.05),且Vao-9的Na~+外排速率显著高于白燕5号;K~+外排速率随胁迫时间的延长呈增加趋势,Vao-9的K~+外排速率显著低于白燕5号;燕麦在盐胁迫下体内Na~+增加,K~+下降,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)变化不明显,但各器官中4种离子分配有差别;盐胁迫72 h时,Vao-9叶中Na~+分配较白燕5号少5.2%,茎中多7.4%;Vao-9叶和茎中K~+分配较白燕5号分别多4.4%和2.5%,Ca~(2+)分配分别多3.5%和3.8%;叶片Ca~(2+)积累量增加且Vao-9始终大于白燕5号,两品种茎中Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)积累量在胁迫72 h时差异显著,Vao-9叶中Na~+/K~+、Na~+/Ca~(2+)、Na~+/Mg~(2+)值均较白燕5号低。这说明较强的Na~+外排能力和K~+保持能力以及离子在植株各器官的合理分配是耐盐品种适应盐胁迫的重要途径。 相似文献