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1.
Thirty-eight clinical isolates of Pasteurella multocida, recovered from a continuous flow, farrow-to-finish swine herd, were characterized by capsular serotyping and restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) in order to study the epidemiology of P. multocida pneumonia. Twenty-three of the 38 isolates obtained in the study belonged to serotype A. They displayed three REA patterns after digestion with HpaII, of which one designated A-3 represented 70% of the samples. The remaining 15 isolates were serotype D. Four different REA patterns were observed in the type D isolates. The REA type D-1 was most prevalent and accounted for 47% of the serotype D isolates. All serotype A isolates were nontoxigenic, whereas five (33%) of the serotype D isolates were toxigenic. Vertical transmission of P. multocida could not be demonstrated, and was probably not a major route of infection. The results of this study suggest that strains of P. multocida virulent for pigs exist and cause swine pneumonic pasteurellosis in continuous flow herds by horizontal transmission. 相似文献
2.
Capsular and somatic serotyping was performed on 79 cultures of Pasteurella multocida from rabbits. Of these isolates, 74 were capsular type A as determined by the staphylococcal hyaluronidase decapsulation test and five were type D by the acriflavine flocculation test. Somatic type 12 was the dominant serotype, and the remainder (type 1, 3, 4 and 11) were less frequent as determined by the gel diffusion precipitin test. This report is in general agreement with other recent reports with rabbit isolates and collectively they provide important serotype and epizootiological information that will be useful in the control and prevention of rabbit pasteurellosis. 相似文献
3.
Pasteurella multocida and bovine respiratory disease 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dabo SM Taylor JD Confer AW 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2007,8(2):129-150
Pasteurella multocida is a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium that has been classified into three subspecies, five capsular serogroups and 16 serotypes. P. multocida serogroup A isolates are bovine nasopharyngeal commensals, bovine pathogens and common isolates from bovine respiratory disease (BRD), both enzootic calf pneumonia of young dairy calves and shipping fever of weaned, stressed beef cattle. P. multocida A:3 is the most common serotype isolated from BRD, and these isolates have limited heterogeneity based on outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles and ribotyping. Development of P. multocida-induced pneumonia is associated with environmental and stress factors such as shipping, co-mingling, and overcrowding as well as concurrent or predisposing viral or bacterial infections. Lung lesions consist of an acute to subacute bronchopneumonia that may or may not have an associated pleuritis. Numerous virulence or potential virulence factors have been described for bovine respiratory isolates including adherence and colonization factors, iron-regulated and acquisition proteins, extracellular enzymes such as neuraminidase, lipopolysaccharide, polysaccharide capsule and a variety of OMPs. Immunity of cattle against respiratory pasteurellosis is poorly understood; however, high serum antibodies to OMPs appear to be important for enhancing resistance to the bacterium. Currently available P. multocida vaccines for use in cattle are predominately traditional bacterins and a live streptomycin-dependent mutant. The field efficacy of these vaccines is not well documented in the literature. 相似文献
4.
Blackall PJ Fegan N Pahoff JL Storie GJ McIntosh GB Cameron RD O'Boyle D Frost AJ Bará MR Marr G Holder J 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,72(1-2):111-120
Biochemical profiles, restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and ribotyping were used to investigate a total of 38 Pasteurella multocida isolates from four separate outbreaks of pasteurellosis in Australian piggeries. Six isolates were obtained from Outbreak 1, 16 from Outbreak 2 and eight each from outbreaks 3 and 4. Outbreaks 1 and 2 were cases of pneumonic pasteurellosis while outbreaks 3 and 4 involved systemic pasteurellosis. Biochemical characterisation established that a number of different types of P. multocida were present in outbreaks 1 and 3 while outbreaks 2 and 4 were associated with a single type of P. multocida. Outbreaks 1 and 3 yielded isolates of P. multocida that belonged to the subspecies multocida and gallicida, with the subspecies multocida isolates being identified as biovar 3 (6 in total) or 12 (1 in total) and the subspecies gallicida isolates (7 in total) being identified as biovar 8. All 24 isolates from outbreaks 2 and 4 belonged to the subspecies multocida and were all biovar 3. REA and ribotyping showed that, in outbreaks 1 and 3, there were three different types of P. multocida in each outbreak with no common strains between the outbreaks. The molecular methods showed that only a single strain of P. multocida was associated with outbreaks 2 and 4, although the outbreaks were associated with strains that differed in REA profiles but shared a ribotype profile. This study has shown that both, systemic and pneumonic pasteurellosis can be associated with either a single strain or multiple strains of P. multocida. The results also indicate that the molecular typing methods of REA and ribotyping are superior to biochemical characterisation for epidemiological investigation of porcine pasteurellosis. 相似文献
5.
6.
Pasteurella species isolated from the bovine respiratory tract and their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A, serotype 1 (P haemolytica A1) was the most commonly isolated Pasteurella species from 80 calves examined at necropsy from 40 outbreaks of respiratory disease, the majority of which were pathologically confirmed as bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis (transit fever; shipping fever). Similarly, nasopharyngeal swabs from in-contact and apparently healthy calves indicated the widespread presence of P haemolytica A1. Pasteurella multocida and other serotypes of P haemolytica A1 were found including six isolations of P haemolytica T10, a fairly common pathogen in sheep. Approximately two-thirds of the isolates were tested for their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns and the degree of sensitivity for P haemolytica A1, the most frequently isolated serotype, was chloramphenicol (100 per cent), sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim (98 per cent), oxytetracycline (80 per cent), ampicillin (85 per cent), penicillin (82 per cent), streptomycin (3 per cent) and lincomycin (1 per cent). 相似文献
7.
Detection and distribution of toxigenic Pasteurella multocida in pig herds with different degrees of atrophic rhinitis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Four herds of pigs were selected which had different degrees of clinical atrophic rhinitis and used different specific counter-measures. In two of them, the clinical signs occurred spasmodically and were slight. The sows, suckling pigs and growing pigs in all the herds were sampled for toxigenic Pasteurella multocida. In one of the slightly affected herds (herd D), the weaners were moved to a second farm for finishing. No toxigenic P multocida were found at the breeding farm, but 50 per cent of the large growing pigs were positive. It seemed that the organism had entered only at the finishing farm and that the mild clinical signs were due to the infection starting in older pigs than usual. In the second mildly affected herd, 47 per cent of the sows and 42 per cent of the growers were infected. Three toxigenic isolates from this herd produced as severe turbinate damage experimentally in specific-pathogen-free pigs as a stock pathogenic strain. Except in herd D, toxigenic P multocida were found in all the age groups of pigs sampled. However, the pattern of distribution of the organism within the herds was not obviously correlated with the severity of the disease. In a fifth herd there were obvious cases of clinical atrophic rhinitis, with marked turbinate atrophy, from which toxi-genic P multocida were recovered in abundance. Subsequently, the clinical disease disappeared and, despite extensive and repeated sampling, the organism was not found again. 相似文献
8.
Pors SE Hansen MS Christensen H Jensen HE Petersen A Bisgaard M 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,150(3-4):354-361
Pasteurella multocida is a widespread respiratory pathogen in pigs associated with atrophic rhinitis and contributing to aggravation of the pulmonary lesions. The aims of the present study were to characterize isolates of P. multocida from porcine bronchopneumonia by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), PCR based capsular typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and to compare clonal complexes outlined with the type of histological lung lesions to investigate if a correlation between clonal lineages and lesions might exist. Isolates of P. multocida were obtained from cases of cranioventrally located porcine bronchopneumonia. All lung lesions were described and classified according to histological lesions. A total of 139 isolates, from lung (n=111), pericardial sac (n=21) and kidney (n=7) of 111 pigs were described using PFGE with ApaI as the restriction enzyme. Furthermore, 20 and 29 isolates were characterized by capsular serotyping and multilocus sequence typing, respectively. PFGE demonstrated 15 different clusters showing 50% or more similarity. All selected isolates were of capsular serotype A and only three main sequence types (ST) were detected among the isolates. Associations were not found between histopathology and clonal complexes of P. multocida. In conclusion, PFGE demonstrated a high diversity of genotypes of P. multocida associated with porcine bronchopneumonia. However, isolates obtained mainly belonged to few STs, indicating that isolates of P. multocida associated with porcine bronchopneumonia originates from a limited number of clonal lineages and therefore might have adapted to porcine hosts. No correlation was demonstrated between genotypes and types of lesions, and extra-pulmonary spreading was only rarely demonstrated. 相似文献
9.
Townsend KM Hanh TX O'Boyle D Wilkie I Phan TT Wijewardana TG Trung NT Frost AJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,72(1-2):69-78
A total of 36 tonsil swab samples were collected from healthy swine prior to slaughter at the abattoirs in Can tho and Tien giang provinces of Southern Vietnam. The presence of Pasteurella multocida in these samples was detected by the combination of direct cultivation and isolation, mouse inoculation and the polymerase chain reaction (PM-PCR). P. multocida was detected in 16 samples by PCR, with 17 strains ultimately isolated. All samples were negative for serogroup B by HSB-PCR and conventional serotyping, with isolates identified as A:3, D:1 or D:3. In addition, all samples were determined to be negative for the P. multocida toxin (PMT). Characterisation of isolated P. multocida by REP-PCR and biotyping revealed nine distinct REP profiles and seven biotypes among the 17 isolates. Some correlation was seen with P. multocida isolated from a previous Australian outbreak of acute swine pasteurellosis, and those isolated from fowl cholera outbreaks in Vietnamese poultry. 相似文献
10.
A vaccine against pneumonic pasteurellosis was evaluated for efficacy at two dilutions in lambs transported by sea from New Zealand to Saudi Arabia. The experimental vaccine was a killed Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A1 and A2 preparation. There was no evidence of either dilution of the vaccine leading to a lower pneumonia death or lesion rate than for the control group. However, bacteriological examinations to establish the causality of the pneumonia cases showed Pasteurella multocida to be the dominant organism, while P. haemolytica types A1 and/or A2 occurred at only a very low incidence. 相似文献
11.
Pasteurella multocida belonging to somatic serotype 1 and capsular type A has been known to cause avian cholera in domestic poultry. Pasteurella multocida serotype 1 has also been isolated from raptorial birds. However, the capsular type for these raptorial isolates remains unknown. Moreover, the virulence of these raptorial isolates for domestic poultry has not been determined. The objectives of this study were to determine the capsular type of raptorial P. multocida serotype 1 isolates and to determine if these isolates were virulent for domestic chickens. Study chickens were inoculated with one of three P. multocida isolates. Isolate WESO-1 was obtained from a western screech owl (Otus kennicottii) and isolates RTHA-2 and RTHA-4 were isolated from two red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). These isolates were given by either the oral, intravenous, or intraocular route. Control birds were given brain-heart infusion broth. The capsular serotypes of three isolates were also determined. The RTHA-2 and RTHA-4 isolates belonged to P. multocida capsular type A. The WESO-1 isolate belonged to capsular type F. Results also demonstrated that, for the isolates examined, the intraocular route did not cause mortality in chickens. There was mortality in all groups for the intravenous route. However, various mortality patterns were observed when P. multocida was given orally for the three different isolates. The RTHA-4 isolate (serotype 1:A) was the most virulent for domestic chickens. The WESO-1 isolate (serotype 1:F) was the least virulent for chickens among the raptorial isolates examined. 相似文献
12.
Pasteurella multocida is isolated from a variety of disease conditions from different animal species in our diagnostic laboratory. In order to determine serogroup distribution among the isolates, an indirect haemagglutination test using glutaraldehyde-fixed sheep red blood cells was employed. A serological examination of 79 isolates revealed that 47/79 were of capsular serogroup A, 11/79 capsular serogroup D, 4/79 capsular serogroup B and 17/79 were untypable strains. None of the isolates belonged to either serogroup E or F. All those from cases of classical pasteurellosis could be grouped, but a significantly high proportion of those which originated from companion animals were untypable. The significance of these results is discussed. This report appears to be the first detailed information on the prevalence of various serogroups of P. multocida in animals in southern Africa. 相似文献
13.
The oropharyngeal regions of 680 meat turkeys and 55 breeder turkeys from nine outbreak farms, three history-outbreak farms, and 19 nonoutbreak farms in Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania were cultured to determine the prevalence of Pasteurella multocida in turkeys. Pasteurella multocida was recovered from 32 out of 105 turkeys belonging to outbreak farms. Pasteurella multocida was not recovered from either history-outbreak or nonoutbreak farms. Characterization via capsular and somatic serotyping, biotyping, restriction endonuclease analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all recovered P. multocida isolates. Pasteurella multocida serotype A:1 and somatic serotype 1 with an un-typable capsular serogroup (UT:1) were the most common serogroups found. All isolates belonged to biotype P. multocida ssp. multocida. EcoRI, HpaII, and HindIII restriction enzyme digestions identified three, five, and five restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles, respectively. A majority of the isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ampicillin, ceftiofur, cephalothin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, gentamicin, neomycin, novobiocin, oxacillin with 2% NaCl, sarafloxacin, tilmicosin, and trimethoprim with sulphadiazine and resistant to clindamicin, penicillin, tiamulin, and tylosin. 相似文献
14.
Experimental model of swine pneumonic pasteurellosis using crude Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cytotoxin and Pasteurella multocida given endobronchially. 
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下载免费PDF全文 This study was designed to develop and characterize a swine pneumonic pasteurellosis model by concurrent introduction of Pasteurella multocida type A and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae crude cytotoxin. After a series of preliminary experiments, a combination of 4 x 10(9) P. multocida and 4,000 toxic units of A. pleuropneumoniae crude cytotoxin was determined to produce optimal results. A total of 48 pigs were divided into four groups of 12 pigs each. The control group received buffered saline only. Four pigs from each group were randomly selected for necropsy 3, 7 and 14 days postinoculation (PI). Inoculation of pigs with P. multocida and A. pleuropneumoniae cytotoxin (group 1) resulted in moderate to severe pneumonia. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from pneumonic lesions, grossly normal lung, and bronchial lymph nodes of all group 1 pigs throughout the 14 day experimental period. Pathological changes typical of field cases of swine pneumonic pasteurellosis were produced. Pigs inoculated with P. multocida alone (group 2) had pneumonic lesions and P. multocida was reisolated from lungs at three days PI. Pasteurella multocida was not isolated from these pigs at 7 and 14 days PI, except for one pig in which an abscess developed in the thorax. Pulmonary lesions induced by A. pleuropneumoniae crude cytotoxin alone (group 3) were transient and resolved by seven days PI. Group 1 pigs had significantly greater lung lesion volumes than group 2 and 3 pigs at 3, 7 and 14 days PI. Statistical analysis indicated a significant interactive effect of P. multocida and A. pleuropneumoniae cytotoxin on the development of lung lesion volumes at 7 and 14 days PI (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
15.
R. D. FURROW E. L. PARBUONI D. T. McRAE S. A. GAINES J. A. GUARNIERI R. A. CARNEVALE M. APRIL 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1986,9(3):264-272
A method to produce bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis for experimental purposes was studied and the clinical response of experimentally infected calves to selected antimicrobials was characterized. Male Holstein calves stressed with multiple hot and cold water applications followed by intratracheal inoculation of broth cultures of Pasteurella multocida serotype B developed acute clinical illness consistent with pneumonia. Infected, untreated calves consistently developed classic pneumonic pasteurellosis, infected calves treated with either oxytetracycline or sulfadimethoxine recovered from acute clinical disease, and the uninfected controls remained healthy. This disease model offers potential for use in pharmacokinetic and target tissue drug concentration studies and for dosage titration of drugs intended for treatment of bacterial pneumonias. 相似文献
16.
Jones JM 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1988,36(2):66-69
The literature relating to respiratory disease in rabbits is reviewed. Pasteurella multocida was identified in the 1920s as the most important and common cause of respiratory disease in rabbits, and today pasteurellosis remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in farmed rabbits. Methods of treatment and prevention are reviewed, including recent experimental work in vaccine development. 相似文献
17.
Experimental production of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pneumonic pasteurellosis has been reproduced in conventional, weaned, Friesian-cross calves using a strain of Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A, serotype 1 (P haemolytica A1) isolated from a pathologically confirmed incident of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. The major clinical findings were pyrexia, hyperpnoea, tachypnoea, nasal discharge and reduced appetite. Fibrinous pneumonia was present in the lungs of animals at necropsy on days 2 and 3 after initial infection while by days 9 and 10 after initial infection many of the areas of fibrinous pneumonia were confined by a fibrous capsule forming well defined nodules. During the experiment natural transmission of the infecting strain of P haemolytica A1 occurred in two control calves which developed a condition identical to that in the artificially infected calves. P haemolytica A1 was repeatedly recovered from the nasopharynx of infected calves and at necropsy throughout the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Seroconversion, as measured by indirect haemagglutination, to the organism developed in all infected calves by days 9 and 10 after initial infection. The clinical, microbiological and pathological findings were identical to those seen in field incidents of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis involving recently housed, weaned, single-suckled calves. 相似文献
18.
Vaccination-challenge experiments were conducted in colostrum-deprived calves to evaluate the efficacy of Pasteurella bacterins and vaccines against experimental pneumonic pasteurellosis. Calves were vaccinated with formalin-killed bacterins and live vaccines, then challenge exposed intratracheally with P. haemolytica or P. multocida. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was inoculated intranasally three to four days prior to P. haemolytica challenge-exposure. All calves were examined for macroscopic and microscopic lesions after being found dead or following euthanasia four to seven days after challenge exposure with the bacterial pathogen. Clinical, hematological, and pathological responses to challenge exposure in aluminum hydroxide absorbed P. haemolytica and P. multocida bacterin-treated calves were consistent with the pneumonic lesions of pulmonary pasteurellosis in the control calves. An oil-adjuvanted P. haemolytica bacterin limited clinical and pathological responses in the affected calves whereas a P. multocida oil-adjuvanted bacterin did not. Both clinical and pathological responses to challenge exposure in calves vaccinated with live Pasteurella vaccines were less severe than those of the control calves. Vaccine effectiveness appeared to be dose dependent. 相似文献
19.
Isolation of toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida from lungs of pneumonic swine 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
C Pijoan A Lastra C Ramirez A D Leman 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1984,185(5):522-523
Lungs from 113 pneumonic pigs were examined for Pasteurella multocida. The lungs were smeared directly onto blood agar and homogenized in brain-heart infusion broth and then inoculated intraperitoneally in mice. Pasteurella multocida isolates were typed for serotypes A (by hyaluronidase inhibition of capsule) and D (by acriflavine autoagglutination). Strains were tested for toxin production by intradermal injection of 0.2 ml of filtered 24-hour culture supernatants into guinea pigs. Most lungs (70.8%) yielded isolations. Most isolants (87.5%) were type A and 12.5% were type D. Of the type D strains, 80% were toxigenic. Of the type A isolants, 18.2% were toxigenic. 相似文献
20.
The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 421 Pasteurella haemolytica and 158 P. multocida isolates recovered from cattle with respiratory disease were determined with a microdilution minimal inhibitory concentration test system. Isolates were analyzed for patterns of resistance to ampicillin, ceftiofur, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin, spectinomycin, sulfachlorpyridazine, sulfadimethoxine, tetracycline, and tylosin. All isolates tested were found susceptible to ceftiofur and sulfachlorpyridazine. Pasteurella haemolytica isolates were resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, sulfadimethoxine, tetracycline, and tylosin. Pasteurella multocida isolates were resistant to sulfadimethoxine, tetracycline, and tylosin. 相似文献