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1.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the bacteria of the genital tract in adult cats; assess the effect of estrus, mating, and administration of progestins on those microorganisms in females; and evaluate whether results of bacteriologic culture of vaginal swabs are affected by cleansing of the vulva prior to sampling or by repeated sampling. ANIMALS: 66 female and 29 male cats undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy or castration. PROCEDURE: Specimens were obtained from vaginal and uterine or preputial mucosae with swabs moistened with sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. In 9 cats, vaginal specimens were obtained before and after cleansing of the vulva with ethanol; in 7 female cats, 2 vaginal speci mens were obtained in immediate succession. RESULTS: Aerobic bacteria were most commonly isolated from cats' vaginas and prepuces; anaerobic bacteria were isolated frequently from males (41%) but rarely from females (5%). Generally, culture results were not affected by cleansing of the vulva or repeated vaginal sampling. The bacterial population of the vaginas of cats was influenced by stage of the estrous cycle but not by mating or administration of progestins. Bacteria were not isolated from the uterus of any cat. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In cats, bacteria of the genital tract in females are predominantly aerobic; in males, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria are found. The bacterial population of the vagina is affected by stage of the estrous cycle. Pure growth of bacteria in culture of genital tract specimens is a normal finding; antimicrobials should only be administered if clinical signs of genital infection are present.  相似文献   

2.
This observational study of 100 dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis rossi determined whether severity of parasitaemia was associated with outcome of infection and documented the relative distribution of parasitised red blood cells (pRBC) in capillary and venous circulation. The association between increased parasitaemias and outcome with a clinically compromised circulation was also investigated. Outcome was defined as either hospitalisation with death, or hospitalisation with eventual recovery or treatment as an outpatient. Dogs were enrolled if large babesias were found on stained thin capillary blood smears made from an ear prick. Thin venous smears were prepared from jugular or cephalic blood. Parasitaemias were manually counted and expressed as the percent pRBC. Ten dogs died, 50 recovered after hospitalisation and 40 were treated as outpatients. Venous sampling site did not affect venous parasitaemia (P=0.6). Both capillary and venous parasitaemias of dogs that died were significantly higher than those of dogs that recovered after hospitalisation (P=0.002) and dogs that were treated as outpatients (P<0.0001). When assessing the whole group, capillary parasitaemia (median 0.61%, range <0.05-71.6%, interquartile range (IQR) 0.22-3.75%) was significantly higher than venous parasitaemia (median 0.14%, range 0-30.6%, IQR 0.046-0.52%) with P<0.0001. The 21 dogs with a clinically compromised circulation were more likely to die (P<0.0001) and had significantly higher capillary (median 5.98%, range 0.09-71.6%, IQR 2.44-19.41%) and venous (median 2.81%, range <0.05-30.6%, IQR 0.17-9.03%) parasitaemias than the 79 dogs with a clinically normal circulation (capillary median parasitaemia 0.38%, range <0.05-12.87%, IQR 0.16-1.42%; venous median parasitaemia 0.096%, range 0-6.13%, IQR <0.05-0.33%; P<0.0001). This study shows that high parasitaemia is significantly associated with death in B c rossi infected dogs. The previous clinical suspicion that capillary parasitaemias are usually higher than venous parasitaemias is confirmed. Thus capillary samples are the most appropriate diagnostic samples. Prior observations that a clinically compromised circulation is associated with death are confirmed. Despite the highly significant association between compromised circulation and higher parasitaemia, it is thought unlikely that parasite burden is the sole trigger for circulatory collapse.  相似文献   

3.
Serum testosterone and estradiol 17-beta concentrations, and serum testosterone-to-estradiol ratio were evaluated in 15 dogs (greater than or equal to 5 years old) with perineal hernia (9 sexually intact males and 6 castrated males) and in 9 clinically normal sexually intact male dogs greater than or equal to 5 years old. There was no significant difference in serum testosterone-to-estradiol ratio between sexually intact male dogs with perineal hernia and clinically normal sexually intact male dogs. In castrated dogs with perineal hernia, serum testosterone concentration and testosterone-to-estradiol ratio were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower, compared with those values in sexually intact dogs with perineal hernia and in clinically normal sexually intact male dogs. There was no significant difference in serum estradiol 17-beta concentration among sexually intact male dogs with perineal hernia, castrated dogs with perineal hernia, and clinically normal sexually intact male dogs. Serum testosterone and estradiol 17-beta concentrations in dogs with perineal hernia did not differ from those values in clinically normal male dogs of the same age. Castration cannot be recommended for the treatment of perineal hernia unless a castration-responsive contributing factor such as prostatomegaly is identified, unless the pelvic diaphragm of dogs with perineal hernia has high sensitivity to normal or low serum testosterone and estradiol 17-beta concentrations, or unless there is documentation that other androgens and/or estrogens are involved.  相似文献   

4.
Bacteria on the genital mucosa have been studied less in healthy, non-puerperal cows than in cows with puerperal endometritis. We have thus analysed bacteria in swabs from the vagina and cervix of post-puerperal cattle (n = 644). Out of the animals, 6.8% had aborted within the last 12 months, 2.6% and 11.6% showed signs of vaginitis and endometritis, respectively. In 17.2% of cervical swabs pathogenic gram-positive and in 11.5% pathogenic gram-negative bacteria were found. Arcanobacterium pyogenes was isolated from 41.3% of cows with endometritis and from 3.5% without endometritis (p < 0.05). From 12.5% of cows with abortion but from no cow without abortion, Staphylococcus aureus was recovered (p < 0.05). Out of 383 vaginal swabs, 88.3% were positive. In 3.4% of swabs pathogenic gram-positive and in 16.7% pathogenic gram-negative microorganisms were found. The percentage of positive vaginal swabs did not differ between pregnant and non-pregnant animals. In the genital tract, the percentage of swabs positive for normal mucosal bacteria decreased from caudally to cranially (p < 0.05). Pathogenic bacteria were found more often in cervical than in vaginal swabs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, bacteria on the vaginal and cervical mucosa in cattle involve a wide range of species. In animals without endometritis or vaginitis, colonization of the mucosa rather than infection has to be assumed.  相似文献   

5.
We report herein a survey in which cultures of bovine reproductive tracts for Ureaplasma diversum and mycoplasmas were carried out in order to better understand the role of these organisms in granular vulvitis (GV). Samples cultured were vulvar swabs from clinically normal cows or ones with GV, preputial swabs or raw semen from bulls, and abomasal contents of aborted fetuses.

Ureaplasma diversum was isolated from 104 (43.3%) of 240 dairy cows, 32 (27.1%) of 118 beef cows, 43 (47.2%) of 91 beef heifers, 23 (67.6%) of 34 beef bulls, and three (60%) of five dairy bulls. Mycoplasmas were isolated from 18 (7.5%) dairy cows, two (1.6%) beef cows, three (8.8%) beef bulls, and one dairy bull. No isolation was made from 97 aborted fetuses. For 65 dairy cows and 30 beef heifers with vulvar lesions, the isolation rates for ureaplasmas of 62.5% and 69.7%, respectively, were significantly higher (X2) than those for normal animals (37.5% and 30.3%). On immunofluorescent serotyping of 137 of the 205 isolates, there were 66 in serogroup C (strain T44), 18 in serogroup B (strain D48), eight in serogroup A (strain A417 or strain 2312), 14 cross-reacting, and 31 that were not identified. It was concluded that U. diversum is commonly present in the lower reproductive tract of beef/dairy cattle in Saskatchewan and is associated with granular vulvitis.

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6.
Three hundred seventeen specimens of urinary calculi of renal origin from 214 female dogs and 103 male dogs, and 71 specimens of urinary calculi of renal origin from 38 female cats and 33 male cats were submitted for mineral analysis between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 1993. Among dogs, 45 breeds were affected with renal calculi. Thirty-three breeds and a crossbred group were represented among females, but 8 breeds and the crossbred group accounted for 81% of the total. Among male dogs, 30 breeds and a crossbred group were represented, but 7 breeds and the crossbred group accounted for 69% of the total. Among cats, 10 breeds and a crossbred group were represented. Dogs and cats with renal calculi were older than those of 2 comparison population groups. More than one-half of the renal calculi in both dogs and cats were from the 1st known episode of urolithiasis. The risk of formation of renal calculi was found to be higher for cats than for dogs, when compared to other stone-forming cats and dogs (approximately 4.95 per 100 stone-forming cats and 2.88 per 100 stone-forming dogs). Among dogs, breeds at highest risk of developing renal calculi were Miniature Schnauzers, Shih Tzus, Lhasa Apsos, Yorkshire Terriers, and female Pugs. Also at high risk were male Dalmatians and male Basset Hounds. Among small dogs, females generally were at higher risk of developing renal calculi than were males. Regardless of size, terrier breed males generally were at higher risk of developing renal calculi. Breeds of dogs at low risk for development of renal calculi included crossbreds, German Shepherd Dogs, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and female Dachshunds. When only 1 kidney was involved, the risk of left renal calculus was greatest for both dogs and cats, but bilateral renal involvement was relatively common in both species (19% and 9%, respectively). Among dogs, specimens composed of 1 mineral substance (eg, struvite) occurred more often in males (58.3%) than in females (37.9%). Female dogs formed renal calculi containing struvite or oxalate more often than did males; males formed calculi containing urate more often than did females. Calculi containing oxalate, apatite, or some combination of these minerals predominated among cats; only 1 specimen from 38 female cats and only 4 specimens from 33 male cats contained neither oxalate nor apatite. Crossbred cats were significantly less likely to have renal calculi than were other breeds. A single renal calculus specimen was identified in several uncommon breeds including Tonkinese and Birman cats, and Affenpinscher, Clumber Spaniel, English Shepherd, and Field Spaniel dogs. No significant differences were observed between male and female dogs or between male and female cats with regard to mineral type of the specimen and the presence of urinary tract infection.  相似文献   

7.
Based on clinical response, urethral pressure profile changes, and lack of side effects, phenylpropanolamine was effective and safe in treating dogs with primary sphincter incompetence. Primary sphincter incompetence was diagnosed in 11 female and 8 male dogs with urinary incontinence. Urodynamics of the dogs were assessed, using a combined urethral pressure profile and urethral sphincter electromyography. Male and female dogs had significantly (P less than 0.05) lower maximal urethral closure pressures, when compared with clinically normally dogs (36.91 +/- 8.20 cm of H2O vs 79.72 +/- 4.61 cm of H2O for female dogs and 48.63 +/- 8.68 cm of H2O vs 99.77 +/- 11.71 cm of H2O for male dogs). After treatment with phenylpropanolamine, there was a significant increase in maximal urethral closure pressure in both sexes to within normal range (77.73 +/- 8.70 cm of H2O in females and 92.50 +/- 14.60 cm of H2O in males). Electromyographic activity was normal before and after treatment. Urinary incontinence resolved clinically in all but 1 male and 1 female dog; however, the condition in these 2 dogs improved considerably. Minimal side effects were seen clinically. Mean arterial blood pressure was not altered by treatment. Plasma estrogen and testosterone concentrations in 8 female dogs were not different from those in continent female dogs. The incontinence in these dogs was considered a sphincter incompetence rather than estrogen responsive.  相似文献   

8.
To evaluate embryo transfer as a possible method to circumvent infertility in mares, embryos from 14 normal and 14 infertile mares were collected three times and examined. Fewer flushes (p less than 0.05) from normal than infertile mares (1/42 vs 9/42) contained only abnormal embryos whereas more flushes (p less than 0.05) from normal than infertile mares contained one or more normal embryos (28/42 vs 8/42). More flushes (p less than 0.05) from normal than infertile mares contained embryos (29/42 vs 17/42). The embryo diameters (mm) at either day-7 or day-8 post ovulation were greater (p less than 0.01) for normal than infertile mares (day 7: 07 +/- 0.08 vs 0.3 +/- 0.07; day 8: 1.1 +/- 0.18 vs 0.7 +/- 0.23). Six of the 10 (60%) flushes that contained only abnormal embryos were recovered from ares with positive uterine cultures or moderate to severe endometritis. The embryos recovered from normal mares were greater in quantity and better in quality.  相似文献   

9.
The aim of this study was to determine residual urine and frequency of urination in normal male and female dogs and to compare these with dogs with neurogenic and obstructive dysuria. The bladder volume before urination was estimated ultrasonographically in 99 dogs (48 normal and 51 abnormal dogs). Each animal was then taken outdoors and walked on grass for 10 minutes. The number of attempts to urinate (successful or not) was recorded. Bladder urine volume after urination was then calculated. Normal females made only one or two (100 per cent successful) attempts to urinate while males a mean of 6.9 attempts (mean 75.4 per cent successful) within 10 minutes. The residual urine per kg body weight of normal dogs varied from 0.1 to 3.4 ml kg(-1)(median 0.2 ml kg(-1)). The residual urine volumes of normal dogs were significantly less (P<0.0001) than those of dogs with neurological disorders or obstructive disease. Ultrasonographic estimation of residual urine volumes could be valuable in diagnosing suspected neurological or obstructive bladder disease and in monitoring the response to treatment.  相似文献   

10.
Cervical swabs and serum samples were taken from Swiss herds of sows with high rates of irregular return to oestrus (group A) and from control herds without reproductive problems (group B. The genital tracts of 21 slaughtered sows of group A were also examined. The swabs and genital tracts were screened for Chlamydiae by a new 16S rRNA PCR and the sera by an ELISA for Chlamydiaceae lipopolysaccharide. Chlamydophila (Cp) abortus was isolated from seven of the 65 swabs taken from group A but from none of the 128 swabs taken from group B. Chlamydia suis was present in swabs from both groups A (1.5 per cent) and B (2.3 per cent). In addition, Cp abortus was detected in 33.3 per cent of the genital tracts. Of the 193 sera tested, 61.7 per cent were positive, with no significant difference between group A (52.3 per cent) and group B (66.4 per cent). Chlamydia-like organisms were detected in 28.2 per cent of the swabs from group A and in 22 per cent of those from group B.  相似文献   

11.
Aspects of carriage of Staphylococcus intermedius were studied in three groups of dogs. In 150 normal dogs presenting for annual booster inoculations, carriage rates for S . intermedius in the anterior nares (36%) and on the anal ring (36%) were recorded. In 44 dogs presented for routine elective surgery, carriage of S . intermedius was higher on the caudal nares (41%) than on the anterior nares (34%), oropharynx (25%) or anal ring (30%) allowing an assessment of the accuracy of basing nasal carriage rates on swabbing the anterior nares alone. A new finding was that animals from multidog households had significantly higher ( P < 0.005) nasal and anal carriage rates than dogs from single-dog households. In 33 dogs with superficial pyoderma, carrier rates were similar to those reported by others and significantly higher than in the other two groups with regard to both nasal and anal carriage ( P < 0.05 and P < 0.005, respectively).  相似文献   

12.
Bacteria were isolated 68% of the time from the conjunctival sacs of 120 dogs with conjunctivitis, blepharitis, dacryocystitis, or corneal ulcerations. Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated organism (68%); when both eyes were affected, S aureus was recovered from 29% of the dogs; and in dogs with 1 eye affected, S aureus was isolated from 23% of the affected eyes and in 18% of the nonaffected eyes. Other organisms recovered from eyes were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis (27%), beta-hemolytic streptococcus (19%), alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus (17%), Escherichia coli (10%), Bacillus spp (11%), and Proteus spp (7%). It was concluded that S aureus may appear as a primary pathogen in ocular disease. When 1 eye is clinically affected, S aureus can be a potential invader of the normal eye.  相似文献   

13.
Gastric emptying of a radionuclide-labeled test meal was studied in 10 dogs that had been treated surgically for gastric dilatation-volvulus and in 10 clinically normal (control) dogs. There were no significant differences between the gastric emptying rates and patterns in treated and in control dogs. Thus, there are no indications that gastric emptying is delayed in dogs that have recovered from gastric dilatation-volvulus, and there is no reason for pyloric surgery in dogs with this condition.  相似文献   

14.
Double-contrast cystography was performed simultaneously with cystometrography in 6 male and 6 female dogs. All dogs were continent, and results of urinalyses were normal. Initial radiographs were made following intravesical infusion of 0.88 ml of positive contrast medium/kg of body weight. Additional radiographs were made during infusion of CO2. The last radiographs were made at the time of detrusor reflex (11 dogs) or when intravesical pressure reached 50 cm H2O (1 female). An average of 34% (range, 11% to 67%) of bladder length was within the pelvic canal when only the positive contrast medium was infused into the bladders. By the end of CO2 infusion, the bladder neck was more cranially located in 5 of 6 males and in 5 of 6 females. On the last radiographs made, an average of 19% (range, 10% to 35%) of bladder length was within the pelvic canal in 3 of 6 males and in 4 of 6 females. The bladder neck was rounded in 10 of 12 dogs. Thus, it was concluded that previous reports associating pelvic urinary bladder with urinary incontinence and other urologic abnormalities are questionable.  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVE: To compare hepatic, pancreatic, and gastric perfusion on dynamic computed tomography (CT) scans of clinically normal dogs with those of dogs with portal vascular anomalies. SAMPLE POPULATION: Dynamic computed tomography (CT) scans of 10 clinically normal dogs and 21 dogs with portal vascular anomalies. PROCEDURES: Retrospective analysis of dynamic CT scans. Hepatic arterial perfusion, hepatic portal perfusion, total hepatic perfusion, hepatic perfusion index, gastric perfusion, and pancreatic perfusion were calculated from time attenuation curves. RESULTS: Mean +/- hepatic arterial perfusion was significantly higher in affected dogs (0.57 +/- 0.27 mL/min x mL(-1)) than in clinically normal dogs (0.23 +/- 0.11 mL/min x mL(-1)), and hepatic portal perfusion was significantly lower in affected dogs (0.52 +/- 0.47 mL/min x mL(-1)) than in clinically normal dogs (1.08 +/- 0.45 mL/min x mL(-1)). This was reflected in the hepatic perfusion index, which was significantly higher in affected dogs (0.59 +/- 0.34), compared with clinically normal dogs (0.19 +/- 0.07). Gastric perfusion was significantly higher in dogs with portal vascular anomalies (0.72 +/- 0.44 mL/min x mL(-1)) than in clinically normal dogs (0.41 +/- 0.21 mL/min x mL(-1)), but total hepatic perfusion and pancreatic perfusion were not significantly different. Among subgroups, dogs with congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and dogs with arterioportal fistulae had higher hepatic arterial perfusion than did clinically normal dogs. Dogs with congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts also had an increase in gastric perfusion and hepatic perfusion index. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hepatic perfusion variables measured on CT scans revealed differences in hemodynamics between clinically normal dogs and those with portal vascular anomalies.  相似文献   

16.
In a survey of 900 Dalmatian dogs, brainstem auditory-evoked responses (BAER) and clinical observations were used to determine the incidence and sex distribution of bilateral and unilateral BAER abnormalities and their association with heterochromia iridis (HI). To assess the efficacy of BAER testing in guiding breeding programs, data from 749 dogs (subgroup A), considered to be a sample of the population at large, were compared with data from a subgroup (subgroup B; n = 151) in which selection of breeding stock had been based on BAER testing from the beginning of the 4-year survey. Brainstem auditory-evoked responses were elicited by applying click stimuli unilaterally, while applying a white noise masking sound to the contralateral ear. Under these conditions, BAER were either normal, unilaterally absent, or bilaterally absent. Dogs with bilaterally absent BAER were clinically deaf; dogs with unilaterally absent BAER were not clinically deaf but appeared dependent on their BAER-normal ears for their auditory-cued behavior. Dogs with unilaterally absent BAER often were misidentified as normal by uninformed observers. Among the 900 dogs, 648 (72.0%) were normal, 189 (21.0%) had unilateral absence of BAER, and 63 (7.0%) had bilateral absence of BAER or were clinically deaf and assumed to have bilaterally absent BAER (n = 4). Total incidence in the population sampled was assumed to be higher, because some bilaterally affected dogs that would have been members of subgroup A undoubtedly did not come to our attention. Among females, 24.0% were unilaterally abnormal and 8.2% were bilaterally abnormal whereas, among males, 17.8% were unilaterally abnormal and 5.7% were bilaterally abnormal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

17.
As part of a study of the effects of low-level radiation, 1,343 Beagles, including 671 males and 672 females, were evaluated over their full lifetime for the occurrence of mammary neoplasia; there were 139 control males and 138 control females and 532 irradiated males and 534 irradiated females. All nodules found in surgical specimens or at necropsy were evaluated histologically. The overall incidence, metastasis and recurrence rates, and contribution to mortality of mammary neoplasms were determined. Based on this unique opportunity to correlate morphologic characteristics with ultimate biological behavior of all mammary tumors in a defined canine population, we propose a histogenetically based reclassification of epithelial mammary tumors. Of the 672 female dogs, 70.8% (476) had at least one mammary neoplasm; 60.7% (408) had more than one. Two male dogs had mammary neoplasms. Of 1,639 mammary carcinomas in the 672 females, 18.7% (307) were classified as ductular carcinomas (arising from the small interlobular or intralobular ductules), whereas 80.7% (1,322) were classified as adenocarcinomas of other histogenetic origin. Of 73 fatal carcinomas, ductular carcinomas accounted for 48 fatalities (65.8%), whereas other adenocarcinomas accounted for only 20 fatalities (27.4%). Radiation had no effect on this ratio. Ductular carcinomas also had a higher rate of metastasis than did adenocarcinomas. Existing classifications of mammary carcinomas do not recognize the characteristic morphologic features, the degree of malignancy, and the prognostic importance of these ductular carcinomas. Metastasis rates did not differ between simple and complex carcinomas or between those lesions and adenocarcinomas in mixed tumors. True carcinosarcomas metastasized more frequently (100%, or 5/5) than did adenocarcinomas in mixed tumors (34.4%, or 22/64), emphasizing the importance of not lumping these tumors under the classification of malignant mixed tumors.  相似文献   

18.

Background

Bacteria belonging to the family Chlamydiaceae cause a broad spectrum of diseases in a wide range of hosts, including man, other mammals, and birds. Upper respiratory and genital diseases are common clinical problems caused by Chlamydiaceae. Very little is known about chlamydial infections in dogs. Few clinical reports on natural disease in dogs describe mainly conjunctival and upper respiratory signs, and the role of Chlamydiaceae in genital disease is unclear. The present study aimed at studying the prevalence of Chlamydiaceae in healthy dogs and in dogs with genital or upper respiratory disease, including conjunctivitis.

Methods

A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Chlamydiaceae was used to detect any chlamydial species within this family. Swab samples from the conjunctiva and the mucosal membranes of the oropharynx, rectum and genital tract were taken from 79 dogs: 27 clinically healthy dogs, 25 dogs with clinical signs from the genital tract and 28 dogs with conjunctivitis. There were 52 female and 27 male dogs. From 7 of the male dogs, additional semen samples were analysed.

Results

No Chlamydiaceae were detected from any dog.

Conclusions

Although the number of dogs that was included is limited, the results suggest that cases of Chlamydiaceae in dogs probably are related to infection from other species, and that dogs in general do not harbour Chlamydiaceae. Bacteria belonging to the family Chlamydiaceae do not seem to be of major importance for genital or ocular disease in Swedish dogs.  相似文献   

19.
Cloacal swabs from 506 clinically normal psittacine birds of 22 species were aerobically cultured for bacteria and yeasts. In 45 (9%) samples, no microbial organisms were recovered. Gram-positive bacteria were recovered from 474 (91%) samples. The incidences of gram-negative bacteria and yeasts were: Escherichia coli 157 (31%), Enterobacter sp. 21 (4%), Klebsiella sp. 3 (0.6%), Pseudomonas sp. 4 (0.8%), and yeasts 26 (5%). Differences were noted in the recovery rate of E. coli among the various species of birds cultured. Escherichia coli was recovered from 101 of 168 cockatoos (60%) of the genus Cacatua but from only 18% of 338 non-Cacatua species. As all birds were housed in the same facility under similar conditions, this difference in the incidence rate of E. coli cannot be explained on the basis of differences in husbandry or diet alone.  相似文献   

20.
The microflora of the skin was studied in 10 dogs with chronic eczema without clinical signs of secondary infection (Table I). The skin surface was swabbed at 7 different sites, making a total of 70 swabs, 25 of which were taken from visibly inflamed areas and 45 from apparently unaffected skin (Table II). Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis, micrococci, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and Acinetobacter spp. were found consistently. Ten different Gram-negative bacteria, 3 different Gram-positive bacteria, and 2 yeasts were found to occur sporadically (Table III). Compared to a group of 10 healthy dogs a more prolific growth of aerobic microorganisms, a greater number of sites carrying Staph. aureus, and a higher recovery of Gram-negative transients were found in dogs with eczema (Table IV--VII). Within the group of dogs with eczema the growth of Staph. aureus was significantly heavier from eczematous skin areas than from clinically normal skin (Table VIII). In dogs with non-infective dermatitides the colonization of the skin by potentially pathogenic microorganisms may have to be considered in the clinical handling of these diseases.  相似文献   

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