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1.
Grain hardness affects sorghum and maize processing properties especially for dry milling. A variety of simple grain quality parameters were assessed on 17 sorghum and 35 white maize hybrid cultivars grown in six and four locations, respectively, in South Africa. The purpose was to determine tests that can be used to distinguish hardness in commercial sorghum and maize. The grains were characterized by test weight (TW), thousand kernel weight (TKW), decortication with the tangential abrasive dehulling device (TADD), and kernel size. Maize was also characterized for susceptibility to breakage, stress cracking, and near‐infrared transmittance (NIT) milling index. Principal component analysis showed that, in nontannin and tannin sorghums, TADD hardness and TW were closely correlated (P < 0.001). In maize, TADD hardness was closely correlated (P < 0.001) with NIT milling index and TW. Hence, TADD hardness and NIT milling index or TADD hardness and TW would be suitable for maize hardness evaluation. A combination of TADD hardness, TW, TKW, and kernel size >3.35 mm can be used together to select sorghum grain for hardness. It thus appears that TADD hardness is an excellent method of estimating both sorghum and maize hardness that can be applied for routine batch analysis and cultivar evaluation.  相似文献   

2.
我国北方40个高产春玉米品种的磷素利用特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
【目的】探明我国北方目前主推高产春玉米品种的磷素利用特性,揭示不同玉米品种磷素积累和转运差异,为磷高效品种的选育提供理论依据。【方法】选用东北区40个不同熟期的高产春玉米品种,在同一环境条件下采用盆栽试验,按照大田60000 plants/hm2种植密度进行摆放。在开花期和生理成熟期,每个品种取样3株,分成根、茎秆、叶片和子粒4部分,测定干物质重;采用钼锑抗比色法测定植株各器官磷含量;依据磷素子粒生产效率(PEPG)划分不同玉米品种的磷效率类型,计算磷素利用特性的相关参数;分析磷素利用特性相关参数与磷素子粒生产效率的关系。【结果】依据磷素子粒生产效率将供试玉米品种划分为4个类型,即磷高效型(Ⅰ)、磷中效型(Ⅱ)、磷低效型(Ⅲ)及磷超低效型(Ⅳ )。其中,Ⅲ型品种最多(45%),Ⅳ型品种最少(5%),Ⅱ型和Ⅰ型品种分别为27.5%和22.5%。在开花前4个类型品种的磷含量及磷素分配比例差异不显著,开花后是产生差异的关键时期。开花期,Ⅳ型品种茎秆的磷素积累量最高(P0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型品种根、茎秆和叶片的磷素积累量差异不显著(P0.05)。成熟期,各器官的磷含量以Ⅳ型品种最高(P0.05);Ⅱ和Ⅲ型品种的子粒磷含量高于Ⅰ型品种(P0.05),但Ⅱ和Ⅲ型品种的子粒磷含量差异不显著(P0.05)。Ⅳ型品种根、茎秆和叶片的磷素积累量和分配比例较高(P0.05),而Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型品种子粒的磷素积累量和分配比例较高(P0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型品种根、茎秆、叶片和子粒的磷素积累量和分配比例无明显差异(P0.05)。4个类型品种中,Ⅳ型品种的磷干物质生产效率(PDMPE)、磷收获指数(PHI)、磷偏生产力(PFP)、磷转移量(PTA)、磷转移效率(PTE)及磷贡献率(PCR)最低(P0.05),Ⅰ和Ⅱ型品种的PFP、PHI、PTA及PTE显著高于Ⅲ型品种(P0.05),但Ⅰ和Ⅱ型品种的差异不显著(P0.05);4个类型品种的磷素吸收效率(PUp E)和磷素农艺效率(PAE)无显著差异(P0.05)。相关和通径分析表明,磷素干物质生产效率和粒重与磷素子粒生产效率呈显著正相关。【结论】我国北方目前主推的大部分高产春玉米为磷低效型品种;磷高效型品种在生育后期向子粒分配的磷素比例较多,而磷超低效型品种向根、茎秆和叶片分配的磷素比例较多;较高粒重和磷素干物质生产效率是磷高效型品种的基本特征。  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

The objectives of this investigation were to study the effects of marginal site conditions and hybrid on plant development, agronomic performance and nutritive characteristics of forage maize (Zea mays L.) at high latitudes. Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 at three experimental sites, Kristianstad, Skara and Västerås, at increasing latitudes from 55°–60° N. Experimental design used two replicated randomized complete blocks at each site with three maize hybrids, Avenir (FAO 180), Isberi (FAO 190) and Burli (FAO 210), which were continuously assessed for plant development and harvested at various levels of maturity. The chemical composition and nutritional characteristics of harvested plant materials were analysed and hybrid responses to advancing maturity in terms of yield and nutritional qualities were evaluated. Results showed that maize hybrids required different numbers of accumulated thermal units at sites on varying latitudes to achieve developmental stages. Lowest thermal unit requirements among hybrids were observed for hybrid Avenir, and for sites it was highest for plants grown in the most northern site, Västerås. The most southern site, Kristianstad, was the only site at which all hybrids reached the dent stage (c. 450 g kg?1 kernel DM), a recommended maturity for ensiling. The DM yields of early maturing hybrid Avenir were consistently lower than those for Isberi and Burli at all the sites. Results also revealed nutritional differences among maize hybrids at a given maturity (DM, g kg?1), indicating that the effects of maturation should be factored into design of hybrid performance trials. This study highlights the effects of marginal site conditions and hybrids on plant development, agronomic performance and nutritional characteristics of maize hybrids at high latitudes. Further studies on marginal sites are recommended to enlighten the understanding of interaction between environmental and genetic factors on the performance of forage maize.  相似文献   

4.
Fungi of the genus Fusarium are common fungal contaminants of maize and are also known to produce mycotoxins. Maize that has been genetically modified to express a Bt endotoxin has been used to study the effect of insect resistance on fungal infection of maize grains by Fusarium species and their related mycotoxins. Maize grain from Bt hybrids and near-isogenic traditional hybrids was collected in France and Spain from the 1999 crop, which was grown under natural conditions. According to the ergosterol level, the fungal biomass formed on Bt maize grain was 4-18 times lower than that on isogenic maize. Fumonisin B(1) grain concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 0.3 ppm for Bt maize and from 0.4 to 9 ppm for isogenic maize. Moderate to low concentrations of trichothecenes and zearalenone were measured on transgenic as well as on non-transgenic maize. Nevertheless, significant differences were obtained in certain regions. The protection of maize plants against insect damage (European corn borer and pink stem borer) through the use of Bt technology seems to be a way to reduce the contamination of maize by Fusarium species and the resultant fumonisins in maize grain grown in France and Spain.  相似文献   

5.
我国北方37个高产春玉米品种干物质生产及氮素利用特性   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
选育氮高效品种是实现玉米高产高效生产的根本途径。为探明我国北方目前主推高产春玉米的物质生产及氮素利用特性,本研究选择该区域高产品种37个,采用盆栽试验,依粒重和氮素子粒生产效率划分其类型,分为高产高效（I）、高产中效（Ⅱ）、中产中效（Ⅲ）及低产低效（Ⅳ）4种类型。其中,中产中效型品种最多,为56.8%;高产高效型品种最少,仅为8.1%;高产中效型和低产低效型品种分别为13.5%和21.6%。4个类型品种干物质生产及氮素利用效率开花前差异不显著,开花后是产生差异的关键时期;成熟期I型品种干物质和氮向子粒的分配比例较高,而Ⅳ型品种向根和茎秆的分配比例较高。同时,I型品种的氮转移量、氮转移效率和贡献率显著高于其他3类型品种。经相关和通径分析,氮素干物质生产效率、粒重及氮含量与氮素子粒生产效率显著相关。所以,较高的粒重和较低的植株氮含量是高产氮高效品种的基本特征。  相似文献   

6.
硫酸锌处理对玉米种子萌发的生理效应   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
以郑单958和农大108为材料,研究了硫酸锌浸种对老化玉米种子萌发及萌发过程中生理特性的影响。结果表明,适量的锌处理显著提高了玉米种子的发芽势、活力指数和单株幼苗干重,增强了种子萌发过程中的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、脱氢酶活性,降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量,增加了可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量。不同品种锌的适宜浓度不同,其中郑单958品种以0.4 g/L锌处理效果最好,而农大108品种以0.8 g/L的锌作用效果为佳。表明硫酸锌处理加快了玉米种子的萌发速率,提高了玉米种子萌发期间的抗氧化水平,减缓了脂质过氧化作用,促进了种子萌发时的物质代谢。  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a vitamin-fortified maize meal to improve the nutritional status of 1-3-year-old malnourished African children. DESIGN: A randomised parallel intervention study was used in which 21 experimental children and their families received maize meal fortified with vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine, while 23 control children and their families received unfortified maize meal. The maize meal was provided for 12 months to replace the maize meal habitually consumed by these households. METHODS: Sixty undernourished African children with height-for-age or weight-for-age below the 5th percentile of the National Center for Health Statistics' criteria and aged 1-3 years were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. Baseline measurements included demographic, socio-economic and dietary data, as well as height, weight, haemoglobin, haematocrit, serum retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP). Anthropometric, blood and serum variables were measured again after 12 months of intervention. Complete baseline measurements were available for 44 children and end data for only 36. Changes in these variables from baseline to end within and between groups were assessed for significance with paired t-tests, t-tests and analysis of variances using the SPSS program, controlling for expected weight gain in this age group over 12 months. Relationships between changes in variables were examined by calculating correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The children in the experimental group had a significantly (P < or = 0.05) higher increase in body weight than control children (4.6 kg vs. 2.0 kg) and both groups had significant (P < or = 0.05) but similar increases in height. The children in the experimental group showed non-significant increases in haemoglobin and serum retinol, while the control children had a significant (P = 0.007) decrease in RBP. The change in serum retinol showed a significant correlation with baseline retinol (P = 0.014), RBP (P = 0.007) and weight (P = 0.029), as well as with changes in haemoglobin (P = 0.029). CONCLUSION: Despite a small sample size, this study showed positive effects of a vitamin-fortified maize meal on weight gain and some variables of vitamin A status in 1-3-year-old African children. The study confirmed the relationship between vitamin A and iron status. The results suggest that fortification of maize meal would be an effective strategy to address micronutrient deficiencies in small children in South Africa.  相似文献   

8.
Growing crop plants tolerant to acid soils is an alternative for successful production on acid soils with limited inputs, especially lime. Acid soil‐ or aluminum (Al)‐tolerant plants offer considerable protection against soil acidity problems. Thirteen maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids developed for production under various environmental conditions were grown (greenhouse) on two acid soils (unlimed and limed) to determine differences among hybrids for growth traits, mineral acquisition, and relative tolerance to acid soil. Porters soil induced greater acid soil stress on maize than did Lily soil, although shoot/root dry matter (DM) ratios were affected more in plants grown on Lily than on Porters soil. Shoot and root DM and total root length (RL) over all hybrids followed sequences of Limed Lily ≥ Limed Porters > Unlimed Lily > Unlimed Porters, and the trait with the greatest variation among hybrids was total RL. Specific RL (total RL/root DM) over all hybrids followed a sequence of Limed Lily=Limed Porters=Unlimed Lily>Unlimed Porters, with relatively small variations among hybrids. Shoot DM/RL among hybrids followed a sequence of Unlimed Porters ≥ Unlimed Lily > Limed Lily = Limed Porters, and had the least variation among hybrids. Two Brazilian hybrids (HD 91102 and HD 9176) had highest DM and total RL to indicate relatively high tolerance to acid soil stresses, while other hybrids (ten from the United States and one from Brazil) had relatively small differences for growth traits to indicate moderate to low tolerance to acid soils. Although genotypes differed widely for mineral element concentrations, no significant differences in mineral elements between more and less tolerant genotypes were noted.  相似文献   

9.
为了确定一套适于玉米杂交种纯度鉴定的核心SSR引物，利用10个SSR引物对420份已知玉米杂交种进行DNA指纹分析。综合考虑多态性和杂合率两个指标，确定bnlg161和bnlg1450为玉米杂交种纯度鉴定的首选核心引物，利用这两个引物进行筛选，412个品种（占98%）能够找到具有杂合带型的鉴定引物；确定bnlg439、bnlg125、umc2105、umc1705、bnlg1792这5个引物为玉米杂交种纯度鉴定的备选核心引物；phi072、bnlg162和phi065因多态性或杂合率低，不推荐作为玉米纯度鉴定用引物。研究了纯度鉴定用特异引物的选择问题，并确定了部分品种的纯度鉴定用特异引物。基于以上研究结果，进一步筛选玉米杂交种的双亲互补型引物，建立已知玉米杂交种的纯度鉴定DNA指纹图谱。此外，对玉米杂交种纯度鉴定用核心引物及特异引物的选择标准进行了探讨。  相似文献   

10.
Because of the increasing use of maize hybrids with genetically modified (GM) stacked events, the established and commonly used bulk sample methods for PCR quantification of GM maize in non-GM maize are prone to overestimate the GM organism (GMO) content, compared to the actual weight/weight percentage of GM maize in the grain sample. As an alternative method, we designed and assessed a group testing strategy in which the GMO content is statistically evaluated based on qualitative analyses of multiple small pools, consisting of 20 maize kernels each. This approach enables the GMO content evaluation on a weight/weight basis, irrespective of the presence of stacked-event kernels. To enhance the method's user-friendliness in routine application, we devised an easy-to-use PCR-based qualitative analytical method comprising a sample preparation step in which 20 maize kernels are ground in a lysis buffer and a subsequent PCR assay in which the lysate is directly used as a DNA template. This method was validated in a multilaboratory collaborative trial.  相似文献   

11.
不同钾营养效率玉米品种的筛选   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用营养液培养和土壤盆栽试验相结合的方法,对40个玉米杂交种进行了典型钾营养效率的筛选,同时综合考虑品种的吸收和利用特性,以生物量、吸钾量、钾利用指数、钾敏感度为指标采用聚类分析方法,结合品种稳定性,筛选出典型钾营养效率玉米品种.结果表明,蠡玉18、永研4号、冀单31为高效敏感型,豫玉23为高效不敏感型,纪元1号、兴农998为低效敏感型,这为后续深层钾素高效吸收和利用机理的研究提供了基础材料,也对实际生产中因地制宜选择玉米种植品种有一定指导意义.  相似文献   

12.
The production of locally adapted maize hybrids requires parental material with adequate genetic variation in the relevant traits. The objective of the present study was to evaluate 20 European maize hybrids under temperate region for their potential use in direct cultivation or as parent material in local breeding programs. Results showed that European hybrids except BC 566 had higher kernel yield (11.4–14.3 t ha?1) than local cultivars (KSC705 and KSC704). Korimbos, Krebs, BC 566, and BC 532 had lower kernel moisture (14–15%) compared to KSC705 (21.7%) and KSC704 (22.7%). Cluster analysis categorized these hybrids in three groups. Cluster 2 comprised of Korimbos, BC 612, DKC 6589, and 89May70. These hybrids had high plant height, thousand kernel weight, and kernel yield. Due to high kernel moisture, the hybrid 89May70 could not be proposed for direct cultivation but it can be involved in transferring high grain yield to local hybrids. Genotype × environment analysis showed that Korimbos and Krebs had low S2i and low genotypic coefficient of variation, high and stable performance and low kernel moisture. Therefore, Korimbos and Krebs can possibly be used for direct cultivation in temperate regions of the Fars Province.  相似文献   

13.
Correlations among grain sorghum quality factors (proximate composition, physical properties, and water absorption properties) were evaluated. Samples of 46 commercial hybrids (24 and 22 from crop years 1993 and 1994) were analyzed for starch, protein, crude free fat, test weight, absolute density, 1,000 kernel weight, percent kernel abraded, water absorption index, initial water absorption rate, and moisture saturation point. Test weight, absolute density, and percent kernel abraded were positively correlated among themselves (r > 0.5). Protein was negatively correlated with both test weight and absolute density (r < -0.5), while moisture saturation point showed negative correlations with test weight, absolute density, 1,000 kernel weight, and percent kernel abraded (r < -0.4). Principal component factor analysis through the covariance matrix explained 95% of the total variation of quality factors among hybrids (two factors), and, through the correlation matrix, 85% of the total variation (five factors). Water absorption rate decreased with increasing starch content of grain sorghum kernels as water absorption rate increased and amount of water for saturation decreased with softening of kernels.  相似文献   

14.
This study was designed to investigate the role of hybrids in maize Fusarium section Liseola interaction and fumonisin production, with particular emphasis on the occurrence and accumulation of hidden fumonisins in maize (masking phenomenon). In this 2 year study, naturally infected field crops were chosen with 10 maize hybrids, six of them grown in both years. Maize samples collected in 2010 showed a higher incidence of fungal infection as well as higher fumonisin contamination than those obtained in 2009 but a very similar incidence of F. section Liseola. Fumonisin masking was confirmed in raw maize, with a lower amount of hidden forms as compared to free fumonisins detected in the year with higher contamination. The chemical composition of the different hybrids was determined and correlated with the contamination data: the results obtained highlight the main role of fatty acids, with a higher fumonisin contamination in hybrids showing a higher linoleic acid content and a higher masking action in hybrids with higher oleic to linoleic ratio. These results represent a good basis to explain maize hybrid susceptibility to F. section Liseola infection, fumonisin contamination, and masking not related to a specific commercial hybrid but extendable to all hybrids.  相似文献   

15.
玉米杂交种氮效率基因型差异   总被引：37，自引：11，他引：37  
利用北京地区推广的 8个主要玉米杂交种 ,在不施N和施N条件下研究了产量、N累积量及N效率的基因型差异。结果表明 ,在不施N和施N条件下 ,不同品种之间产量的变异幅度分别为 62%、57% ;N累积总量的变异幅度则分别为 55%、48%。其中以农大 108的产量和N累积总量最高 ,中单 120和中单 2号最低。随施N量增加 ,吸收效率和N效率显著下降 ,利用效率则变化不大。在 2个施N水平下 ,N效率基因型差异主要决定于吸收效率  相似文献   

16.
Understanding the impact of genetic diversity on crop biochemical composition is a prerequisite to the interpretation and potential relevance of biochemical differences experimentally observed between genotypes. This is particularly important in the context of comparative safety assessments for crops developed by new technologies such as genetic engineering. To interrogate the natural variability of biochemical composition, grain from seven maize hybrids grown at four geographically distinct sites in Europe was analyzed for levels of proximates (fat, protein, moisture, ash, and carbohydrates), fiber, amino acids, fatty acids, four vitamins, nine minerals, and secondary metabolites. Statistical evaluation of the compositional data at the p < 0.05 level compared each hybrid against every other hybrid (head-to-head) for all analytes at each site and then across all sites to understand the factors contributing to variability. Of the 4935 statistical comparisons made in this study, 40% (1986) were found to be significant. The magnitude of differences observed, as a percent, ranged between 0.84 and 149% when all individual sites and the combined sites were considered. The large number of statistically significant differences in the levels of these analytes between seven commercial hybrids emphasizes the importance of genetic background and environment as determinants of the biochemical composition of maize grain, reflects the inherent natural variability in those analytes across a representative sampling of maize hybrids, and provides a baseline of the natural range of these nutritional and antinutritional components in maize for comparative compositional assessments.  相似文献   

17.
Raw material variability is common for starch processors and is responsible for increased processing costs. In this study, variability of starch acetylation due to hybrid influence was quantified. Six waxy corn (maize) hybrids from 1998 and five waxy corn hybrids from 1999 were wet‐milled in the laboratory. Starch obtained from each hybrid was modified according to a laboratory‐scale acetylation procedure. To evaluate reaction efficiency, reaction rate, acetyl content, pH, and amount of NaOH used were recorded for each reaction. After modification, a Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) was used to characterize modified starches and determine differences in modified starches from different hybrids. Using the same acetylation protocol, reaction efficiencies were observed at 47–73%. Reaction efficiencies were significantly lower for 1998 hybrids (50.0%) compared with the efficiency observed for the same hybrids grown in 1999 (62.7%). Acetylated starch from 1999 had increased peak, trough and final viscosities and increased reaction efficiency as compared with acetylated starch from 1998. Differences in setback were observed among 1998 hybrids for acetylated samples. Differences in trough and final viscosity were observed among 1999 hybrids for acetylated and native (unmodified) samples. Differences in breakdown among 1999 hybrids also were observed for native samples.  相似文献   

18.
Evaluation of source or sink limitations on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and yield components is important for the rational design of agricultural practices as well as breeding strategies. There is little information on how the source or sink limitations during the effective grain-filling period affect final kernel quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of source/sink manipulation in different times after mid-silking stage on kernel weight (KW), kernel number per square meter (KN m?2), kernel protein and oil of different maize hybrids. Field experiments were conducted at the experimental field of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, located at Bajgah (52° 35′ N and 39° 4′ E and 1810 m above sea level, asl) during the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. The treatments included three hybrids and defoliation that were arranged in the main, and subplots, respectively. Leaves removal treatments were imposed when plants were at the mid-silking stage. Silking was taken as the time when 50% of the plants in a row presented visible silks. Defoliations included control, 50% of defoliation at 25 (early defoliation), and 35 (late defoliation) days after silking (defoliation treatments were applied to all plants of each plot). The experiments were conducted in randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications and the treatments in a split-plot arrangement. Early defoliation greatly reduced kernel growth rate and grain filling period, resulting in lower mean kernel weight. Defoliation treatments modified KN m?2 and kernel number per ear (KNPE) and variations in these components affected protein and oil content. Decreased source size by defoliation decreased kernel protein content dramatically with no significant change in oil content. Differences among treatments appeared to be related only to the post-flowering source/sink ratio. Therefore, to improve protein yield in maize, hybrids and agronomic practices should aim to increase the post-flowering source/sink ratio.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

In recent decades European silage maize production has extended northwards, into Scandinavia, and the importance of maize in fodder production has increased substantially. For the northward expansion of maize production it is of interest to evaluate both the role of climate change that has occurred already, and scenarios for possible future climate change. The aim of this study was to assess for Swedish climatic conditions, the annual variation in silage maize yield and quality (dry weight and starch contents) of cultivars currently grown in Germany.

The MAISPROQ simulation model currently used in German maize production was applied to evaluate the effects of (i) cultivar differences (four cultivars; four sites; 2003–2009), (ii) intra-regional variation among ten sites representing three regions (two cultivars; 2003–2009), and (iii) climatic variability among two historical periods during 1961–2009 and three future periods during 2011–2100 using A2-emission climate scenarios and the Delta-method (two cultivars; four sites).

Forage quality assessments strongly influenced the assessments of harvest time and thereby the yield. Changes in simulated yield of the tested cultivars were high for the past climate, but relatively small under future climatic conditions due to earlier harvest caused by improved forage quality. By the end of the 21st century an appropriate fodder quality would be achieved every year in the south of Sweden, whereas in the middle of Sweden (60°N) about 30% of the years would not be successful, even for the earliest cultivar. In the east, increased water stress counteracted the positive effect of a prolonged growing season. It was concluded that adaptation of field experiments to model calibration requirements remains to be done, in order to enable extrapolation of observations from Swedish field trials to a changing future climate.  相似文献   

20.
钾对不同基因型玉米生长、体内钾循环和分配的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
钾素循环和再利用对维持植物生长和提高钾利用效率非常重要。本文以杂交玉米豫玉23和兴农998为供试作物,采用供应高钾（1.85 mmol/L）和低钾（0.1 mmol/L）营养液的石英砂培养方法,研究不同基因型玉米各器官干重和钾积累及分配、 体内钾在木质部和韧皮部中的循环、 流动及钾效率等。结果表明,低钾处理10 d后,与高钾处理相比,低钾降低两玉米品种各器官干重净增量、 钾浓度、 钾积累量、 钾吸收效率和木质部中钾的运输量,增加钾利用效率和源叶中韧皮部输出的钾,提高钾通过韧皮部的再循环量及占木质部运输总量的比例。低钾处理的豫玉23和兴农998上部叶均为钾库,钾积累量的38.5%和70.3%是由各自中、 下部叶韧皮部输出的钾供给,但体内光合产物和钾向上部叶的运输是不完全同步的过程。两品种比较,低钾处理下的豫玉23较兴农998干重净增量提高,在于前者具有较大根量、 较高钾吸收速率和较多钾素吸收量,木质部中有更多的钾通过叶片韧皮部输出进行循环运输进入上部叶;但豫玉23对介质中钾的吸收大于体内钾的再利用。钾营养高效基因型玉米应该具有较强的吸收和利用体内钾的能力。  相似文献   

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