共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 222 毫秒
1.
为了探明降水酸度对植物根际环境中铝形态的影响,以马尾松为例,采用根箱栽培、配制不同pH值的模拟酸雨以室外模拟酸雨喷淋法研究马尾松根际及非根际土壤中铝形态的特征及规律.研究结果表明:酸雨对土壤中铝化合物具有溶蚀作用,可促进土壤里活性铝离子(Al3+)溶出,并且酸雨pH值越低,活性铝离子累积溶出量越大,溶出的铝所形成的铝形态在马尾松根际土壤与非根际土壤以及根际不同土层之间存在一定差异,马尾松根际pH值和根系分泌物协同影响铝形态的动态变化.根际土壤中有机铝结合态含量增加.交换态铝含量则稍稍下降. 相似文献
2.
荞麦对酸铝胁迫生理响应的研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
铝毒害是限制酸性土壤中植物生长的重要因素,以荞麦(FagopyrumesculentumMoench.)为实验材料,在沙培条件下,用不同浓度(0,10,100,1000mg/L)、不同pH(3,4,5)的铝溶液处理,在出苗后的第14d和28d测试与铝胁迫有直接关系的5个生理指标。结果表明,溶液的铝浓度和pH的变化对荞麦生理都有明显的影响,最低浓度的铝处理10mg/L在不同pH下已经影响了荞麦的正常生长,和对照相比根系活力(RA)下降、根质膜透性(MP)增大、叶片内丙二醛(MDA)和游离脯氨酸(Pro)的含量以及过氧化物酶(POD)的活性升高,并且随着铝处理浓度的升高,荞麦体内各生理指标和对照差异性加大;同一铝浓度下pH5和pH3相比,MP降低、RA增强、叶片内MDA和Pro的含量以及POD的活性有所下降。铝胁迫下荞麦体内各生理指标的变化有显著的相关性。随着荞麦的生长,铝毒害有所缓解。 相似文献
3.
Al3＋是植物铝毒害的主要形态,而其活性受环境pH值的影响,H＋-ATPase通过调节根的质子分泌改变根际pH值。为探讨铝胁迫下根际pH值变化与小麦耐铝性的关系,以小麦品种ET8（耐铝型）、ES8（铝敏感型）为试验材料,采用溶液培养的方法对铝胁迫下根际pH值及根尖H＋-ATPase活性变化进行了研究。结果表明,铝处理条件下,小麦根际pH值随培养时间的延长而升高;随培养液中铝浓度的增加,根际pH值上升幅度下降,相同铝浓度处理条件下ET8根际pH值显著高于ES8。根际pH值与根尖铝含量呈极显著负相关（R2=0.932 1）,与根相对伸长率呈极显著正相关（R2=0.858 5）,表明小麦通过提高根际pH值降低根尖铝含量,减轻铝毒害。根尖H＋-ATPase活性随铝处理浓度升高而显著降低,100 μmol·L-1Al处理24 h ET8和ES8根尖H＋-ATPase活性分别为各自无铝处理的69.8%和60.0%,根尖H＋-ATPase相对活性与根际pH值呈极显著负相关（R2=0.831 9）。温度显著影响根的伸长,低温处理（9 ℃）根际pH值显著高于常温处理（25 ℃）,而根尖铝含量却显著低于常温处理。表明小麦通过根尖H＋-ATPase提高根际pH值降低铝毒害。综上所述,铝胁迫下小麦可通过提高根际pH值减轻铝毒害,不同耐铝性小麦品种根际pH值的显著差异是耐铝性差异显著的 相似文献
4.
磷对铝胁迫下荞麦元素吸收与运输的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以不同耐铝基因型江西养麦(耐性)和内蒙荞麦(敏感)为材料,采用土培法研究磷对铝胁迫下荞麦生长和Al,P等元素吸收、运输的影响.结果表明,铝胁迫下0.2 g/kg的磷能有效缓解铝毒对荞麦根长的抑制.培养30d后,0.4 g/kg磷处理能显著降低铝在荞麦根系和地上部的积累.铝胁迫下加磷可影响养麦体内Ca,Mg,Mn,Zn,Fe的吸收,0.4 g/kg铝配施0.4 g/kg磷处理对荞麦根系Ca,Mg吸收最有利,内蒙荞麦根系Mg的含量比不加磷组提高了76.8%,但显著阻碍了铝胁迫下荞麦体内Ca,Fe的向上运输.铝胁迫下配施磷促进荞麦根系对Zn,Fe吸收,有利于Zn向地上部转运.施磷能有效缓解铝毒对荞麦生长的抑制,降低根系和地上部铝含量,有利于Ca,Mg,Mn,Zn,Fe的吸收和Mg,Zn的运输. 相似文献
5.
分别在湖南的郴州和长沙选定两小流域(SZY和LKS),从小流域规模分析了酸雨频降区两小流域土壤的主要理化特性和土壤锰铝形态及其分布,并讨论了锰铝各形态和土壤有机质,土壤pH值之间的相关性。结果表明:在小流域SZY土壤中,各种形态的锰铝含量均高于小流域LKS土壤中对应形态的锰铝含量;在同一剖面,各种形态的锰铝含量有表土高于底土的趋势。在两小流域土壤中,除无定形锰(Mnox)外各种形态的锰铝均与土壤有机质呈正相关。铝的溶出与土壤有机质和土壤pH值有关。酸沉降能影响毒性元素铝形态的转化和淋溶。活性铝、锰形态可能富集在土壤表层或植物根际等富含有机质的区域,酸沉降或其它环境条件可能促进铝、锰形态在土壤表层或植物根际的转化和溶出,从而导致毒害。 相似文献
6.
铝对荞麦和金荞麦根系分泌物的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
以荞麦和金荞麦为实验材料，用砂培方法研究Al胁迫下荞麦和金荞麦根系分泌电解质、糖和氨基酸的变化。结果表明，Al胁迫条件下，电解质外渗率、糖类随Al^3 浓度升高而增加；在低浓度Al^3 作用下，随处理浓度的升高，氨基酸分泌量增加，当处理浓度高于相应浓度时，氨基酸分泌量随浓度升高而减少。Al胁迫使荞麦和金荞麦根系分泌物的种类和浓度发生改变，与其缓解Al毒害相关。 相似文献
7.
玉米秸秆腐解液对苗期根际土壤酶活性及根系活力的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
玉米连作现象在黑龙江省农田生态系统中较为普遍,秸秆焚烧既浪费资源又污染环境,研究玉米秸秆还田后的化感效应尤显重要,但秸秆还田后的效应尚不清楚。本研究以玉米(郑单958)为受体,采用盆栽试验,分析不同腐解时间(0.25、60、120、180d)、不同腐解浓度(0、0.125、0.25、0.5 g·m L-1DW)玉米秸秆腐解液对苗期根际土壤酶活性及根系活力的影响,试图从土壤酶学和根系活力变化的角度初步阐明连作状态下秸秆还田对苗期玉米生长的影响,以期为大田生产中应用秸秆还田技术提供相关科学依据。结果表明:玉米幼苗四叶、五叶、六叶期,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性均在60d腐解天数,0.5 g·m L-1DW浓度处理下达到最高。土壤酸性磷酸酶活性均在120d腐解腐解天数,0.5 g·m L-1DW处理下达到最高。土壤过氧化物酶活性在幼苗四叶、五叶期,腐解60d,0.5 g·m L-1DW浓度处理下达到最高,六叶期酶活与对照相比差异均不显著。玉米幼苗根际土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化物酶的活性随腐解液浓度的增加而增加;随着玉米秸秆腐解天数的增加,呈现先升高后降低的趋势;随叶龄增加,腐解液对根际土壤酶活性的影响逐渐减弱。玉米幼苗根系活力随着秸秆腐解液浓度的增大先升高后降低;低(0.125 g·m L-1DW)、中(0.25 g·m L-1DW)浓度下对根系活力的促进作用也随叶龄增加逐渐减弱。 相似文献
8.
研究了铝、氟及其交互作用对白茶和智仁早茶根际土壤酶的生态效应。结果表明,在单独施铝处理中,脲酶和多酚氧化酶活性受到抑制,其它土壤酶活性均随铝浓度的升高呈现先升后降的趋势,当Al浓度高达400mg/kg时,对酶呈现出抑制作用,影响达显著或极显著水平;在单独氟处理下,磷酸酶、尿酸酶活性变化不大,随着氟浓度的升高,除多酚氧化酶活性受抑制外,其余的酶活性也呈现出先升后降的趋势,当F浓度高达120 mg/kg时,对酶产生抑制作用,总体上氟的影响不如铝显著;铝、氟复合处理条件下,铝与氟之间联合作用对脲酶、蛋白酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、尿酸酶和抗坏血酸氧化酶活性产生了显著或极显著的交互效应,其作用方式因铝、氟处理浓度组合、酶及茶树品种的不同而不同。研究还发现,铝、氟对茶树根际土壤酶的交互效应与铝氟浓度的比值有密切关系,且不同的酶活性达最高时的铝氟比值基本相同,表明在茶树体内代谢中铝、氟之间存在一定的相关性。根际土壤酶活性在两个茶树品种间存在较大的基因型差异,尤其以酸性磷酸酶和抗坏血酸氧化酶最为显著,总体上白茶根际土壤酶对铝、氟及其交互作用较智仁早茶更敏感,两茶树品种之间土壤酶活性的差异与茶树根际过程密切相关。 相似文献
9.
锌铬复合胁迫对大豆根际土壤酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究不同Zn、Cr复合胁迫对大豆根际土壤酶活性的影响,在盆栽条件下,采用添加外源Zn、Cr的方法,测定了大豆根际和非根际土壤脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、蔗糖酶活性。结果表明,不同Zn、Cr处理对大豆根际土壤脲酶活性有显著抑制效果,在Zn、Cr浓度分别为500、400 mg/kg时,大豆根际土壤脲酶活性为最低。随Zn、Cr浓度的增加,大豆根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在Zn、Cr浓度分别为0、300 mg/kg时,达最大值,比对照提高14.80%;在Zn、Cr浓度分别为500、400 mg/kg时,仅为2.38 ml/(g·h),是最小值,比对照降低44.38%。随Zn、Cr浓度增加,大豆根际土壤蔗糖酶活性也呈现类似趋势,在Zn、Cr浓度分别为0、90 mg/kg时,达最大值3.65(mg/g·d),比对照提高9.87%;在Zn、Cr浓度分别为500、400 mg/kg时,达到最小值1.80(mg/g·d),比对照降低45.8%。同时结合偏相关分析结果发现,Zn、Cr对3种土壤酶活性均产生了协同抑制效应,且Zn的抑制作用大于Cr。 相似文献
10.
三种作物根际土壤水浸液对当归的化感效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究适宜当归育苗的熟地土壤资源,本研究在当归道地产区甘肃省岷县培育小麦、蒙古黄芪和马铃薯茬口基础上,通过盆栽试验研究3种作物根际土壤对当归种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应。结果表明,小麦根际土壤水浸液对当归种子萌发出苗及幼苗生长均表现出低促高抑的浓度效应,而蒙古黄芪和马铃薯根际土壤水浸液均表现出抑制效应,其中蒙古黄芪抑制作用更强;当归幼苗的化感敏感部位为根部,可抑制当归幼苗根的加粗生长,但对幼苗根伸长生长的效应因作物不同而异,小麦根际土表现为低浓度促进效应,其余2种作物土均表现为抑制效应。0.2 g·mL~(-1)小麦根际土壤水浸液条件下,当归幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性最高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较低,且均显著高于蒙古黄芪和马铃薯根际土壤水平,幼苗氨基酸泄漏率维持在较低水平;根际土壤水提液浓度为0.8g·mL~(-1)时,3种作物根际土壤水浸液培育的当归幼苗CAT活性均较高,但氨基酸泄漏率较大。综上所述,低浓度小麦根际土壤水浸液在一定程度上可促进当归种子萌发出苗率,并奠定幼苗抗逆生化基础,岷县正茬小麦茬口是适宜当归熟地育苗的床土资源。本研究结果为制定合理的当归轮作倒茬制度提供了科学依据。 相似文献
11.
铝对荞麦铝和其它营养元素运输的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铝胁迫下铝和其它元素的吸收、运输和分布是铝毒害的基础。采用土培法。研究荞麦（Fagopyrum esculentum Moench）在不同的铝浓度水平下对铝的吸收和运输，以及铝胁迫对氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、钠、锌、铜、铁、锰等元素的吸收和运输的影响。结果表明：在铝胁迫下，养麦植株铝含量迅速上升，而其他元素的吸收均受到一定的阻碍影响，在植株各部的含量均有所下降；花期荞麦与真叶期相比，地上部分的铝含量及根部含量均大幅下降，植株的其他元素含量同阳增加，表明铝胁迫得到缓解，可见养麦作为一种铝积累植物对铝毒有较强的适应能力。 相似文献
12.
The ability of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) roots to acquire phosphorus (P) was characterized by investigating P uptake, morphological features, and chemical changes in the rhizosphere. Over a range of nutrient solution P concentrations (5–500 μmol · L?1), maximum shoot growth was achieved with a P supply between 5 and 100 μmol · L?1. Root weight and root length, as well as length and frequency of root hairs, were higher at low P levels. Root surface and the root surface/shoot dry weight ratio reached high values. Though P uptake rates were only moderate (0.15 pmol · cm?1 root · sec?1), shoot P concentrations were high (1.8% of dry weight with 100 μM P) predominantly being inorganic (80%). Phosphorus efficiency was characterized by a high specific absorption rate (810 mmol P · kg?1 root dry wt · d?1) rather than by an efficient utilization for dry weight production. Root exudates of low-P plants had lower pH values than exudates of high-P plants and increased the solubility of FePO4 and MnO2 to a greater extent. Amounts of exuded organic acids and phenolics were low and could not account for the observed solubilization of FePO4 and MnO2. Enhanced hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate by exudates from low-P plants was due to an increased “soluble” acid phosphatase activity, and root surface phosphatase activity was also slightly enhanced with P deficiency. In the rhizosphere soil of buckwheat, some depletion of organic P forms was observed, and in pot trials with quartz sand, buckwheat utilized glucose- 6-phosphate as a P source at the same rate as inorganic P. 相似文献
13.
As a cover crop, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) may increase soil‐P availability. Buckwheat was grown in low‐P and P‐fertilized field plots, and organic anions were measured in rhizosphere soil. Soil‐P availability was not affected by buckwheat, but the concentration of rhizosphere tartrate2– was significantly higher (p < 0.005) in low‐P vs. P‐fertilized plots. This suggests that organic‐anion root exudation may have a role in buckwheat‐rhizosphere P dynamics. 相似文献
14.
The variation in and relationships between aluminum and other major metals including Ca, Mg, Mn, and K in root‐zone soil solutions were studied by growing buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Jiangxi), an Al accumulator, in pots filled with an acid soil amended with CaCO3 and unamended controls with a preinstalled nondestructive soil‐solution sampler. Soil solutions were collected every 7 d with a syringe connected to the sampler. The results showed that pH of the soil solution was not the only factor controlling the concentration of Al. Significant positive linear correlations were found between Al and Ca as well as between Al and Mg in soil solutions from the controls. The ratio of base cations (BC, Ca+Mg) to Al might partly explain the high Al resistance of buckwheat. Oxalate secretion from roots significantly activated Al in acid soils, which may be important for changes of Al in soil solutions, but it also caused decreased concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Mn. It is concluded that the variation of metal concentrations including Al, Ca, Mg, and Mn is a holistic effect involving competition for exchange sites among Ca, Mg, H, and Al, the chelation by oxalate secreted from roots, and metal uptake by buckwheat. 相似文献
15.
D. M. Antosiewicz C. Escudĕ-Duran E. Wierzbowska A. Skłodowska 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,193(1-4):197-210
Here we present results of a survey conducted to identify and characterize spontaneously growing arsenic-tolerant plant species of the area around the old arsenic/gold mine in ZlotyStok (Poland), with respect of their potential use in phytoremediation. Plants and soil from their rhizosphere were sampled and analyzed for concentrations of As and accompanying Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca, Al, Cu, Zn, Ba, Pb, Ni, Cs, V, Cr, Sr, Rb, Bi, Mo and U. The soil contained primarily very high As, Pb and Al concentrations (up to 7,451, 1,058 and 31,272 mg/kg respectively). The ability of identified species to modify the amount of bioavailable arsenic in their rhizosphere was determined by single extractions of soil samples with the use of water, phosphate buffer, EDTA, and acetic acid. Although As-hyperaccumulators were not found, Calamagrostis arundinaca was identified as a new species which successfully carried out the natural phytoextraction of arsenic. This plant was able to increase substantially the arsenic availability in the soil, and likely due to efficient uptake decreased the total As concentration within the root zone by around 40% relative to the reference soil. Thus, it has high potential for phytoremediation. The lowest amount of available arsenic was found in the rhizosphere of Stachys sylvatica, the species with the lowest As shoot concentration (compared with other plant species). It was proposed as a good candidate for phytostabilization. 相似文献
16.
三种植物物料对两种茶园土壤酸度的改良效果 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
用室内培养实验研究了稻草、花生秸秆和紫云英在 5、10 和 20 g/kg 的加入量水平下对茶园黄棕壤和茶园红壤酸度的改良效果.结果表明:除了黄棕壤加入紫云英处理会降低土壤的 pH 外,其余所有加入植物物料的处理均使土壤 pH 有不同程度的增加,使土壤交换性酸和交换性Al的数量减小,使土壤交换性盐基阳离子和盐基饱和度增加.有机物料对土壤酸度的改良效果与有机物料灰化碱和N含量有关,灰化碱和有机N的矿化使土壤 pH 升高,NH4+-N的硝化使土壤 pH 降低.3种植物物料中花生秸秆对土壤酸度的改良效果优于紫云英和稻草.加入植物物料使红壤中有毒形态Al的浓度显著减小,说明植物物料能够缓解红壤中Al对植物的毒害. 相似文献
17.
Danila AM Kotani A Hakamata H Kusu F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(4):1139-1143
A simple and sensitive method has been developed for determining rutin, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) flour and seeds by micro-high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Chromatography was performed using an octadecylsilica column, acetonitrile-water-formic acid (13:87:1, v/v/v) as a mobile phase, and an applied potential at +0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl. We found that Japanese buckwheat flour contains rutin (12.7 mg/100 g), catechin (3.30 mg/100 g), epicatechin (20.5 mg/100 g), and epicatechin gallate (1.27 mg/100 g). The relative standard deviations for rutin, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate peak heights were less than 0.86% (n = 5). The detection limit of rutin was 0.86 ng/mL. Moreover, the present method was applied to the distribution analysis of these compounds in buckwheat seed. The embryo proper and cotyledons of a mature buckwheat seed contained rutin with the highest concentration as compared to other parts. This method is useful in determining rutin, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate in buckwheat with a small amount of sample for quality control in the food industry. 相似文献
18.
苦荞芽期黄酮合成关键酶和MYB转录因子基因的表达分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
苦荞(Fagopyrum tataricum)作为一种药食两用植物,富含以芦丁为主的黄酮类化合物.苦荞芽期芦丁含量较高,其分子机制尚不清楚.本研究选用西荞2号,采用AlCl3法测定了苦荞芽期6～10 d胚轴和子叶中的总黄酮,采用半定量RT-PCR分析其黄酮合成途径中主要关键酶基因苯丙氨酸氨裂解酶基因(Pal)、查尔酮异构酶基因(Chi)和黄酮醇合酶基因(Fls),以及MYB转录因子基因FtMyb1、FtMyb2和FtMyb3的相对表达水平,并对三者之间的相关性进行了统计学分析.结果表明,以相关系数绝对值大于0.75为阈值,子叶中,总黄酮的积累与FtMyb3表达显著正相关(0.9625),与FtMyb2表达显著负相关(-0.8572); Chi与FtMyb2表达显著正相关(0.8468),与FtMyb3表达显著负相关(-0.8010):Pal、Chi和Fls表达彼此显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.9119、0.8920和0.7584.子叶中总黄酮含量在4.58％～5.54％之间,且随芽期递增.Pal、Chi和Fls整体表达趋势相似,均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且Fls的表达水平明显高于前二者.FtMyb2和FtMyb3整体表达趋势相反,FtMyb2呈下降趋势,FtMyb3呈上升趋势.胚轴中,总黄酮含量与Chi显著负相关(-0.8989); Fls与Chi显著负相关(-0.7498).结果提示,苦荞芽期黄酮合成的分子机制较为复杂,但部分基因表达仍存在显著相关性联系,为进一步选择苦荞分子操作靶位点提供参考. 相似文献