共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
作物连作与自然恢复下黑土密度组分中碳、氮分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以海伦农田生态系统国家野外科学观测站长期定位试验的黑土为研究对象, 通过对不同作物连作(玉米、大豆、小麦)和自然恢复(草地、裸地)下土壤及其密度分组中有机碳、氮含量的测定, 比较分析了土壤总有机碳、全氮以及密度组分碳、氮分布的变化特征。结果表明不同作物连作下土壤总有机碳的含量差异不显著。0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层农田土壤游离态轻组有机碳含量具有显著差异(P<0.05)。大豆连作的农田土壤游离态轻组有机碳主要分布在0~10 cm土层, 而小麦连作的土壤游离态轻组有机碳主要分布在10~20 cm土层。不同作物连作下土壤闭蓄态轻组有机碳含量差异不显著。不同组分中氮素具有与碳相似的分布特征。游离态轻组与闭蓄态轻组C/N比值之间呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。草地与农田、裸地相比显著提高了土壤总有机碳和全氮的含量。草地土壤游离态轻组、闭蓄态轻组和重组有机碳含量显著高于农田和裸地。作物连作和自然恢复导致土壤碳、氮的重新分配, 改变了土壤碳、氮的赋存特征。 相似文献
2.
不同土地利用和管理方式对黑土肥力的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
基于中国科学院海伦农业生态试验站22 a长期定位实验,研究了不同土地利用和管理方式对黑土肥力的影响。结果表明,不同土地利用方式促使土壤肥力发生不同的变化,裸地生态系统由于无有机质输入和无植被保护,土壤肥力逐年下降;草地植被覆盖使黑土全碳、全氮、碱解氮含量逐年提高;农田生态系统施肥管理能减缓土壤肥力降低,化肥配施有机肥增加土壤养分库,提高土壤肥力。不同覆盖特定的因子影响特殊的土壤酶活性。自然植被恢复对土壤转化酶和磷酸酶活性的影响大于增加土壤养分含量(碳、氮、磷含量)的影响。黑土自然植被恢复和农田土壤有机-无机肥配施是保持和增加黑土有机C,N库稳定性以及提高土壤肥力的重要途径。 相似文献
3.
不同有机肥输入量对黑土密度分组中碳、氮分配的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为阐明不同有机肥施用量对黑土密度组分中碳、氮分配特征的影响,探讨合理调控土壤质量的施肥模式。以黑龙江省海伦国家野外科学观测研究站上进行了10年的田间定位试验土壤为研究对象,采用密度分组和腐殖质化学分组相结合的方法,探讨和分析不同有机肥施用量下土壤各密度组分中有机碳、氮的消长变化以及重组中腐殖物质的组成特征。结果表明:与试验初期相比,经过10年单施化肥处理,土壤总有机碳和全氮、各密度组分中有机碳氮以及腐殖物质各组分的含量均显著下降,而有机无机配施能够提升土壤总有机碳和全氮的含量水平,改善密度组分中有机碳氮的分配特征,土壤总有机碳、全氮和各密度组分中有机碳氮对不同有机肥施用量的响应有所差异。随着有机肥施用量的增加,土壤总有机碳和全氮的含量呈逐渐升高的趋势,二者与有机肥施用量之间达到极显著的线性相关(P<0.01);低量有机肥(7.5,15t/(hm2.a))配施化肥仅增加了土壤游离态轻组有机碳、氮的含量,并未造成闭蓄态轻组和重组中有机碳、氮的积累,而高量有机肥(22.5t/(hm2.a))配施化肥后,促进了土壤各密度组分中有机碳、氮的形成和积累;此外,低量有机肥有利于土壤富里酸的积累,高量有机肥有助于胡敏酸和胡敏素的积累,从而提高了土壤有机质的腐殖化程度,增强了土壤有机质的稳定性。在东北黑土区,加大有机肥的施用量是提高土壤肥力和土壤固碳能力的有效途径。 相似文献
4.
培肥措施对复垦土壤轻重组有机碳氮的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为揭示复垦土壤轻重组分有机碳氮随复垦年限和培肥措施变化的特征,采用密度分组方法研究了不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、单施有机肥(M)、有机无机配施(MCF)和生物有机肥与化肥配施(MCFB)5种培肥措施下复垦4,8年土壤轻重组分碳氮含量及碳氮比变化规律。结果表明:复垦土壤总有机碳氮与轻重组有机碳氮含量变化趋势总体均表现为随复垦年限的增加而显著提高。经过8年复垦,不同处理间,单施有机肥对总有机碳(TOC)、总有机氮(TON)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)、重组有机碳(HFOC)与轻组有机氮(LFON)、重组有机氮(HFON)的提高效果总体优于其他处理,与生土相比,增加幅度分别为148.10%,68.09%,163.68%,129.51%,35.00%,92.59%。土壤轻组组分C/N重组组分C/N,土壤轻组组分C/N总体表现为随复垦年限增加而提高,以单施化肥最高,达25.48;重组C/N表现为随复垦年限增加而降低,以单施化肥最低,为6.44。施肥对土壤碳氮库管理指数影响显著,各施肥处理均以生物有机肥与化肥配施处理效果最好。综合来看,在等量养分投入的情况下,单施有机肥更有利于采煤塌陷区复垦土壤总有机碳氮库及轻重组有机碳的积累,单施化肥更大程度促进了轻组组分有机碳和重组组分有机氮的提升幅度。 相似文献
5.
施肥对黑土密度分组中碳、氮的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以中国科学院海伦农业生态实验站的长期定位施肥土壤为基础,研究长期施肥对黑土密度分组中碳和氮的影响。结果表明:氮肥能够增加土壤有机碳和全氮含量,但不如NPKOM效果明显。土壤中各组分有机碳含量的变化趋势为重组>游离态轻组>闭蓄态轻组,三者之间差异达极显著水平(p<0.01),重组有机碳的含量最大值为23.72 g/kg,而闭蓄态轻组有机碳的平均值仅为0.69 g/kg;全氮的含量的变化呈重组最大,且极显著大于闭蓄态轻组和游离态轻组,后两者之间无明显差异。不同组分中有机碳浓度和全氮浓度的变化规律一致,为游离态轻组>闭蓄态轻组>重组,且游离态轻组明显大于其它两个组分。NPKOM处理的闭蓄态轻组和重组组分中的有机碳浓度和全氮浓度大于其它施肥处理。碳氮比的变化趋势为游离态轻组>闭蓄态轻组>土壤>重组,重组和土壤中,NPKOM处理的碳氮比最低,CK处理的碳氮比最大,可见有机肥的施用加快了土壤碳的周转速度。 相似文献
6.
土地利用和土壤管理方式的变化强烈影响土壤结构及土壤有机碳的稳定机制。基于长期定位试验,通过分析土壤团聚体粒级及碳分布,以揭示和探讨不同土地利用和施肥管理下东北黑土团聚体颗粒有机碳分配特征及其稳定性机制。通过分析>0.25mm团聚体的变化,草地植被恢复和农田有机培肥团聚体稳定性显著提高。所有处理团聚体碳的分布趋势均表现为:>0.25mm团聚体>微团聚体>粉粘粒。草地粗颗粒有机碳总量和细颗粒有机碳总量均显著高于裸地和无肥处理(p<0.05),表明自然植被恢复可有效提高物理保护颗粒有机碳含量。农田有机培肥明显增加粗颗粒有机质(p<0.05),但并没有提高细颗粒有机质的量。物理保护颗粒有机碳占土壤总碳的比例为10.1%～18.6%,平均约15%。平均重量直径与粗、细颗粒有机碳的相关性达极显著水平(p<0.001),特别是与>2mm团聚体内各颗粒有机质组分碳的相关性更强(r≥0.9,p<0.001)。长期植被恢复和增施有机肥不仅可提高土壤碳库储量,并增强了土壤结构稳定性及土壤组分有机碳的物理性保护。 相似文献
7.
草地和农田生态系统中黑土活性有机碳的特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为阐明植被覆盖与施肥管理综合作用下黑土活性有机碳的数量特征,探讨合理调控农田土壤质量的施肥模式。本试验以中国科学院海伦农业生态实验站长期定位试验为平台,对比和研究了草地与农田生态系统中不同施肥处理下土壤总有机碳、颗粒有机碳、微生物生物量碳、冷水提取有机碳以及热水提取有机碳数量上的差异及相互关系。结果表明:经过25年的自然恢复,草地生态系统中土壤有机碳及各活性有机碳的数量显著高于农田生态系统中的无肥处理(P<0.05)。农田生态系统中,化肥处理对农田土壤有机碳和活性有机碳的提高作用并不明显;经过长期化肥+有机肥处理后,农田土壤总有机碳与各活性组分的数量较无肥和化肥处理显著提高(P<0.05),除微生物生物量碳外,总有机碳与其他活性有机碳组分的数量均达到草地植被下的碳水平,土壤总有机碳及冷水和热水提取有机碳的含量与草地生态系统的差异不显著,颗粒有机碳含量比草地生态系统坛加43.7%。相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳总量、微生物生物量碳、冷水提取有机碳以及热水提取有机碳两两之间的相关性均达到显著或极显著水平。长期化肥与有机肥配施是提高黑土有机碳及其活性有机碳数量的有效措施。 相似文献
8.
以典型稻麦两熟制农田为研究对象,分析猪粪、沼液替代化肥对土壤不同层次总有机质、活性有机质的影响,并计算各处理的碳库活度、活度指数和碳库管理指数。结果表明,以常规施肥为参照,100%猪粪和50%猪粪替代化肥处理均显著增加了0-20cm土壤总有机质、活性有机质含量,分别提高了54.58%,57.83%和21.82%,22.08%(p<0.05),进而显著提高了土壤碳库管理指数,分别提高了60.31%和22.70%(p<0.05)。100%沼液和50%沼液替代化肥处理也提高了0-20cm土壤碳库管理指数,分别提高了22.56%和3.07%,主要是由于沼液替代化肥措施改善了土壤有机质活度,其活度指数较常规施肥分别提高了16.57%和8.00%。可见,采用猪粪、沼液替代化肥措施均不同程度地提高了土壤碳库管理指数,对改善稻麦两熟制农田土壤有机质质量有重要作用。 相似文献
9.
采用长期田间试验,研究有机无机肥不同比例配施对土壤有机碳各组分含量的影响。结果表明,长期有机无机肥配施相比于对照增加了土壤总碳量和活性有机碳库,但未达到显著影响水平。有机肥提供30%氮结合化肥提供70%氮处理,与仅施用化肥相比,显著提高了土壤中可溶性有机碳、微生物生物量碳、轻组有机碳和颗粒有机碳含量,提升比例分别是61.19%、96.03%、52.17%和33.55%。有机肥提供30%氮量处理与对照相比,显著增加了黄壤中可溶性有机碳、微生物生物量碳、轻组有机碳和颗粒有机碳含量,再增加有机肥投入量,这些活性有机碳没有显著增加。综上说明,本地黄壤烟田采取有机肥提供30%氮结合化肥提供70%氮施肥措施,长期施用可显著培育黄壤烟田基础地力,同时提高烟叶的产质量,这对于保证我国烟叶生产的可持续发展具有非常重要的意义。 相似文献
10.
保护性耕作对水-旱轮作土壤有机碳组分的影响——基于密度分组法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以武穴市10年水-旱轮作长期定位试验的传统耕作(CT)、传统耕作+秸秆还田(CTS)、免耕(NT)、免耕+秸秆还田(NTS)4个处理的水稻土为对象,通过密度分组方法研究各组分有机碳(游离态轻组、闭蓄态轻组、重组)含量的变化特征,探讨秸秆还田与免耕对土壤有机碳及其组分的影响。结果表明,游离态轻组、闭蓄态轻组和重组有机碳含量分别为1.25～3.02 g kg~(-1),0.85～3.05 g kg~(-1)和18.46～23.23 g kg~(-1),占总有机碳的4.44%～12.36%、3.53%～10.86%和77.85%～82.73%。NTS处理显著增加土壤闭蓄态轻组和重组有机碳含量;免耕对各组分土壤有机碳的影响不明显。闭蓄态轻组和重组有机碳与总有机碳含量呈极显著正相关,闭蓄态轻组对耕作方式改变的敏感性最强(敏感性指标为4.00),能够敏感地反映不同耕作措施对土壤有机碳库的影响。与常规还田相比,NTS处理促进游离态轻组有机碳向闭蓄态轻组有机碳转化,有利于土壤有机碳的积累,是本研究中提升土壤有机质的最佳保护性耕作措施。 相似文献
11.
Twenty-five soils, having a wide range of organic matter contents, were extracted with anhydrous formic acid containing 10 per cent acetylacetone, and the extracted material precipitated in two fractions with diisopropyl ether. Precipitates comprised from 5.1 to 51.1 per cent of the original soil organic matter, the proportion extracted tending to be greatest from acid soils of fairly high organic matter content and least from neutral or slightly alkaline soils of low organic matter content. Soil clay content appeared to have no effect on the efficiency of organic matter extraction, but was the most important soil factor governing the proportion of the total soil-N extracted. Amounts of N extracted ranged from 10.2 to 57.8 per cent of the original soil N content, extraction efficiency being greatest with soils of low clay content and low pH. There was evidence to suggest that soil clay afforded some protection to N compounds against extraction. The results indicate that formic acid/acetylacetone is most effective with soils in which much of the organic matter is only partly humified. 相似文献
12.
不同利用方式和肥力红壤中水稳性团聚体分布及物理性质特征 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
研究了不同土地利用方式和土壤肥力对红壤水稳性团聚体及土壤物理性质的影响。结果表明,同一肥力水平下不同土地利用方式的土壤中,>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量变化趋势相同,均以旱地土壤含量最低,林地土壤最高。不同肥力水平下,林地、果园、水田中>5 mm水稳性团聚体含量变化均为:高肥力>低肥力。说明随土壤肥力的逐渐增高,有机质胶结物质含量增加,有利于形成更多的水稳性大团聚体。土壤团聚体稳定性与>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量呈极显著正相关,这表明>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量是影响土壤团聚体稳定性的主要因素。不同土地利用方式下的土壤物理性质(土壤容重、土粒密度、土壤孔隙度)存在较大差异,变化规律也不一致。但土壤容重和土壤孔隙度与>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量有很好的相关性。 相似文献
13.
岩溶山地石漠化是一种与脆弱生态地质背景和人类活动相关联的土地退化过程。本文以重庆市典型岩溶山地为例 ,探讨了岩溶生态系统土地利用方式与土壤机械组成、土壤水稳性团聚体、土壤有机质、土壤种子库、植被类型的关系。结果表明 ,经开垦利用后 ,岩溶环境土壤表层砂化现象更加明显。土地利用强度越大 ,对土壤团粒结构的破坏也越大 ,林地、灌草坡对水分的保持能力强 ,土地利用强度较大的土壤保水能力相对较弱 ,土壤有机质受土地利用强度的明显影响。土地利用强度越大 ,木本植物种子越少 ,草本植物种子越多 ,且以农田杂草为主。土地利用方式的变化 (如陡坡开垦 )是对次生植被及其种子库的主要威胁。 相似文献
14.
The proportional differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) and its fractions under different land uses are of significance for understanding the process of aggregation and soil carbon sequestration mechanisms. A study was conducted in a mixed vegetation cover watershed with forest, grass, cultivated and eroded lands in the degraded Shiwaliks of the lower Himalayas to assess land‐use effects on profile SOC distribution and storage and to quantify the SOC fractions in water‐stable aggregates (WSA) and bulk soils. The soil samples were collected from eroded, cultivated, forest and grassland soils for the analysis of SOC fractions and aggregate stability. The SOC in eroded surface soils was lower than in less disturbed grassland, cultivated and forest soils. The surface and subsurface soils of grassland and forest lands differentially contributed to the total profile carbon stock. The SOC stock in the 1.05‐m soil profile was highest (83.5 Mg ha−1) under forest and lowest (55.6 Mg ha−1) in eroded lands. The SOC stock in the surface (0–15 cm) soil constituted 6.95, 27.6, 27 and 42.4 per cent of the total stock in the 1.05‐m profile of eroded, cultivated, forest and grassland soils, respectively. The forest soils were found to sequester 22.4 Mg ha−1 more SOC than the cultivated soils as measured in the 1.05‐m soil profiles. The differences in aggregate SOC content among the land uses were more conspicuous in bigger water‐stable macro‐aggregates (WSA > 2 mm) than in water‐stable micro‐aggregates (WSA < 0.25 mm). The SOC in micro‐aggregates (WSA < 0.25 mm) was found to be less vulnerable to changes in land use. The hot water soluble and labile carbon fractions were higher in the bulk soils of grasslands than in the individual aggregates, whereas particulate organic carbon was higher in the aggregates than in bulk soils. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Organic C and N storage, and organic C fractions, in adjacent cultivated and forested soils of eastern Canada 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. R. Carter E. G. Gregorich D. A. Angers R. G. Donald M. A. Bolinder 《Soil & Tillage Research》1998,47(3-4):253-261
As a major attribute of soil quality, organic matter is responsive to agricultural land use practices including tillage. A study was initiated in eastern Canada to characterize changes in the masses of organic C and total N, and organic matter fractions in forested and adjacent cultivated or forage sites. Generally, the cultivated and forage sites had denser soil profiles than the forest sites. Based on an equivalent soil mass, to accommodate differences in soil bulk density, the paired forest and cultivated sites showed that cultivation decreased the mass of organic C (35%) and total N (10%) in the soil profile of the Podzolic soils, but increased organic C (25%) and total N (37%) in the Brunisolic (Cambisol) and Gleysolic soils. For the Podzolic soils, use of forages increased soil stored organic C and N by 55% and 35%, respectively. Organic C fractions were mainly of significance in the A horizon. Soil microbial biomass C was greater in the forested, compared to the cultivated soil, but the proportion of soil organic C as microbial biomass C (1.3% to 1.6%) was similar. The proportion, however, was greater (2.1%) for the forage soil, compared to the corresponding cultivated (1.3%) soil, suggesting that organic C was continuing to increase under the former. The relatively large proportion (19%) of organic C found in the light fraction of forest soils in the A horizon was decreased (up to 70%) by cultivation. In contrast, the proportion of macro-organic C present in the soil sand fraction was not greatly influenced by cultivation. Overall, soils in eastern Canada have a relatively large potential to store organic matter. The study illustrates the importance of soil type and cultivation interactions for maintenance of soil organic matter storage, and the positive influence of forages in this regard in agroecosystems. 相似文献
16.
红壤微生物生物量C周转及其研究 总被引：26，自引：2，他引：26
采用14 C底物标记技术测定了三种不同质地 (红砂土菜地、黄筋泥桔园和茶籽园 )的红壤微生物生物量C的周转期。结果表明 ,在 2 5℃、5 0 %田间持水量培养条件下 ,三种红壤微生物生物量C的周转期分别为 80天、1 39天和 1 70天。周转期与粘粒含量关系较为密切 ,砂质土壤的周转期较粘粒土壤短 ,提示砂质土壤有机质易被微生物降解 ,有利于养分的迅速释放 ,而粘粒土壤则更有利于养分的持留。周转期与利用方式、pH以及有机质含量无明显相关。红壤微生物生物量C周转期总体上较报道的其他类型土壤微生物生物量C周转期短 ,表明热带—亚热带地区酸性红壤有机质和养分周转相对较快 ,这有可能是造成红壤养分贫瘠的一个原因。根据周转期估算 ,通过微生物年周转的C量 (即年流通量 )为微生物生物量C的 2倍以上 相似文献
18.
DENSIMETRIC FRACTIONATION OF SOIL ORGANO-MINERAL COMPLEXES 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
MARTIN RICHTER ICHIRO MIZUNO SANTIAGO ARANGUEZ SUSANA URIARTE 《European Journal of Soil Science》1975,26(2):112-123
A rapid, simple, and precise density fractionation of soil mineral-organic complexes, suitable for routine work, is described. Special features of the method are: low sample weight, use of glass-fibre paper to collect the lighter fractions, and use of a modified Walkley-Black procedure to determine the carbon content of the light fraction in test tubes. Density-distribution curves of organo-mineral soil complexes are shown to yield useful basic information on degradation processes of soil organic matter caused by cultivation. The results suggest that complexes between clay and organic matter tend to build up preferentially with a certain proportion between the components. 相似文献
19.
Sand-, silt-, and clay-size organo-mineral fractions were isolated in bulk from surface horizons of five soils following ultrasonic dispersion in water. Good clay separation was achieved for all except one highly organic, calcareous clay soil. Organic-N and -C were concentrated in the clay and silt fractions but for each soil the organic C : N ratio decreased in the order sand > silt > whole soil > clay. Acid hydrolysis of the silt and clay fractions revealed a slight concentration of amino acid-N and NH4-N in the clays but only small differences in the distribution of individual amino acids were observed. The results suggest that both silt and clay fractions may be important in the stabilization of soil organic matter. 相似文献
20.
Topsoil samples from cultivated and adjacent non‐cultivated fields on three major agricultural soils in North Cameroon were fractionated into particle‐size fractions that were analysed subsequently for their C and 13C contents. The aim was to obtain further insight into the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) in relation to land use in Cameroon. Since organic carbon contents of the fractions were often very small, samples and analyses were extensively replicated to obtain robust statistical estimates of observed differences. For each soil type, differences in δ13C values between fields could be related to changes in the input and decomposition of organic matter arising from soil type, land management and, for example, the nature and abundance of weeds. Turnover of organic matter appeared to be fastest in the sand fraction, which is in line with results from earlier studies. In the finer fractions, clear differences in reaction to changes in input and decomposition were observed, that seem to be linked to differences in clay mineralogy. The results illustrate that SOM in the various fractions is much less stable and more strongly affected by changes in land use than might be assumed on the basis of changes in total SOM contents alone. At the same time, they demonstrate the relevance of 13C isotope analyses of SOM for studies on the impact of land use on these savannah soils with little SOM that are highly susceptible to degradation. 相似文献