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1.
土壤中丛枝菌根真菌促进植物对矿质营养和水分的吸收,可以增强宿主植物在逆境条件下的生存能力。利用丛枝菌根真菌与宿主植物共生关系,在以矿区排土场土壤为基质的盆栽试验条件下,向刺槐幼苗接种供试丛枝菌根真菌(摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae、象牙白多孢囊霉Diversispora eburnea、隐类球囊霉Paraglomus occultum及3种真菌的混合菌剂),验证丛枝菌根真菌对刺槐生长的影响。结果表明,接种供试丛枝菌根真菌能显著提高刺槐幼苗生物量和叶绿素含量,其中以接种摩西球囊霉组植株菌根侵染率、株高、地径、生物量和SPAD值最高,说明供试菌剂中摩西球囊霉与刺槐幼苗根系的亲和力最高,接种效应最显著。研究结果为菌根技术在矿区土地复垦中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
2.
丛枝菌根真菌对澳洲坚果幼苗耐旱性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《西部林业科学》2020,(2)
基于云南热区季节性干旱的自然条件,探讨AM真菌接种对具有排根的引种作物——澳洲坚果幼苗生长及耐旱性的影响,旨在为外来物种的本地驯化栽培提供科学的理论依据。在正常水分与水分胁迫条件下,对盆栽澳洲坚果幼苗分别接种土著AM真菌(N-AM)和摩西球囊霉(G-AM),测定澳洲坚果幼苗生长、菌根定殖、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量等指标。结果表明,两个接种处理下,AM真菌均能与澳洲坚果幼苗建立共生关系,接种土著AM真菌(N-AM)处理的澳洲坚果幼苗根系的侵染率均显著高于接种摩西球囊霉(G-AM)处理,以正常水分条件下N-AM处理的苗木根系中AM侵染率为最高;接种AM真菌能促进澳洲坚果幼苗的生长,在正常水分条件下接种土著AM真菌的澳洲坚果幼苗干物质累积量最大;接种AM真菌后澳洲坚果幼苗中可溶性糖含量比不接种显著增加,叶片和排根中增加幅度较大;澳洲坚果幼苗在水分胁迫条件下接种土著AM真菌后可溶性糖含量增幅最大,如叶片可溶性糖含量比G-AM处理和对照增加71.82%和98.64%;澳洲坚果幼苗叶片和根系中脯氨酸含量仅在水分胁迫时显著升高,脯氨酸累积量呈现CKG-AMN-AM,研究结果表明可溶性糖和脯氨酸在澳洲坚果的耐旱性中发挥不同的作用。两个接种处理中AM真菌均能与澳洲坚果幼苗很好地共生,并促进澳洲坚果幼苗生长和耐旱性,接种土著AM真菌的幼苗各指标显著优于接种摩西球囊霉的,可能是由于拥有多样性优势的土著AM真菌在澳洲坚果幼苗根系中定殖能力较强。 相似文献
3.
《林业科学》2016,(6)
【目的】研究盐碱胁迫下丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对沙枣苗木的生长和生理的影响,以期探索AM真菌提高沙枣苗木耐盐碱机制,为菌根化沙枣苗木在盐碱地推广应用提供理论基础。【方法】采用盆栽法研究了4种不同土壤盐碱度下分别接种根内球囊霉和摩西球囊霉对沙枣苗木的生长影响,并对沙枣苗木的光合特性、Na+和K+含量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量等各项生理指标进行测定。【结果】2种AM真菌均能与沙枣苗木建立共生关系,且GI处理对苗木的侵染率显著高于接种GM处理,但随着土壤中盐浓度增加,沙枣苗木菌根侵染率有所降低。在同一盐碱度下接种AM真菌可显著促进沙枣幼苗的生长,在中度盐碱胁迫下(含盐量1.56%,p H 9.52),接种GI和GM的沙枣苗木株高分别较未接种AM真菌植株增加了20.07%,9.68%,植株干生物量显著增加;AM真菌可显著提高盐碱胁迫下沙枣幼苗叶片叶绿素含量和光合生理特性,其叶片净光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr、气孔导度Gs、胞间二氧化碳浓度Ci均显著高于未接种AM真菌处理的幼苗(P0.05)。接种GI和GM处理植株叶片组织内SOD,CAT和POD酶活性显著高于对照处理,但根系及叶片组织内丙二醛含量显著低于对照处理的植株,而其脯氨酸含量却都表现出显著提高。接种AM真菌沙枣根系和叶片中Na+含量较未接种处理植株显著下降,K+含量和K+/Na+比值显著提高。【结论】接种AM真菌能显著提高沙枣苗木耐盐碱能力。接种根内球囊霉的沙枣苗木的生长及抗盐碱胁迫能力的各项生理指标均显著高于接种摩西球囊霉处理的苗木,表明根内球囊霉在盐碱地改良方面具有很好的推广应用前景。 相似文献
4.
《浙江林业科技》2015,(3)
选用丛枝菌根(AM)真菌摩西球囊霉(Glomus eburneun)对伯乐树种子(Bretschneidera sinensis)进行接种,以未经真菌处理的种子为对照,当种子萌发并长成幼苗8周后,分别测定两组不同处理下幼苗叶片的生理指标(SOD酶活性、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量、水含量)和形态学指标(平均苗高、平均地径、平均叶片数、侧枝数),以探求有利于伯乐树栽培的生长条件。结果表明:经AM处理后SOD活性有所增强,而可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量与水含量则明显增加;接种过的幼苗的平均苗高、地径、叶片数、侧枝数以及成活率均明显优于对照组;综上说明,AM真菌摩西球囊霉对伯乐树的生长具有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
5.
为筛选适宜四药门花的生物菌肥,并研究生物菌肥对其生长的促进作用,以四药门花扦插苗为试材,进行AM真菌接种试验。设置摩西球囊霉菌(GM)、幼套球囊霉菌(GE)、摩西球囊霉菌与幼套球囊霉菌的混合菌种(M)、对照(CK)共4种处理,对四药门花进行施菌,定期监测其接种菌根后的生长情况,并测定其生物量、菌根侵染率等。结果表明:接种AM菌剂能够促进四药门花的生长,单种菌剂的促进效果比混合菌剂的好。单种菌剂施用后1个月出现生长减缓现象,而施用混合菌种没有出现减缓现象。单种菌剂对植物的苗高、冠幅与叶片生长促进作用的时间不相同,对冠幅生长促进作用的时间出现最早,对苗高和叶片生长的促进作用均较为滞后。相对于CK,GM菌剂对地下与地上部分的生物量增加的促进作用均最为显著,而GE与M菌剂对地下部分生物量增加的促进作用均不显著,但对地上部分生物量增加的促进作用均明显。生长最好的处理,其菌根依赖性与菌根侵染率均最高,混合菌种处理的菌根侵染率最低。说明GM菌可作为四药门花种群复壮的优良菌剂。 相似文献
6.
【目的】研究桉树响应从枝菌根真菌和青枯菌的生长和生理特征,为应用菌根化育苗技术防控桉树青枯病提供理论支撑。【方法】以巨桉幼苗为对象,研究摩西管柄囊霉菌根化和青枯菌侵染进程对寄主生长和防御相关酶活性的影响。【结果】1）摩西管柄囊霉能与巨桉根系良好共生,菌根化桉树株高、地径、干质量、根冠比分别为非菌根化处理的2.30、4.38、2.75和1.71倍。与非菌根化处理相比,菌根化巨桉幼苗根长、根直径、根表面积、根体积、根冠比、根系和叶片中氮、磷和钾含量均显著增加（P<0.05）。2）随青枯菌侵染时间的增加,菌根化桉树叶片中的防御相关酶活性显著高于对应的非菌根化处理,过氧化物酶（POD）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性在菌根化桉树组织中先升高后降低,分别在青枯菌侵染48、24、144 hpi时达到峰值;菌根化桉树叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和几丁质酶活性先升高后降低,在青枯菌侵染96 hpi后达到峰值。3）接种摩西管柄囊霉对桉树青枯病的防控效果为81.67%。【结论】接种摩西管柄囊霉显著促进桉树幼苗健壮生长,受青枯菌侵染后,菌根化桉树幼苗快速和... 相似文献
7.
AM真菌和紫穗槐苗互作早期宿主防御生理指标的响应特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在温室盆栽条件下研究AM真菌与紫穗槐互作早期宿主防御生理指标的响应特征。结果表明:在AM真菌侵染宿主植物早期阶段,根系保护酶瞬时激活,植保素类黄酮瞬时积累,而且接种根内球囊霉(GI)同接种摩西球囊霉(GM)处理相比保护酶活性和类黄酮含量变化相对较大。接种AM真菌处理MDA含量下降,尤其在紫穗槐出苗后25天,接种GI和GM处理MDA含量分别降低26.6%和25.8%。在保护酶失活的同时,几丁质诱导子降解产物GlcN和可溶性蛋白含量增加,而且产生一些新的蛋白,由此推测:几丁质诱导子的降解和新增蛋白的出现是调节植物防御反应允许建立互惠共生体的可能机制。 相似文献
8.
《林业科学》2017,(12)
【目的】通过分析黄土高原不同林龄刺槐纯林中AM真菌侵染水平、植株养分状况和土壤理化性质,阐明"菌根-刺槐-土壤"三者之间的内在联系,揭示影响不同林龄刺槐纯林生长的关键因子,为黄土高原人工刺槐纯林的经营管理及深入研究植被恢复后生态效益的发挥提供理论依据。【方法】选取位于陕西省长武县王东沟流域的草地(0年)和11、23、35和46年生的刺槐纯林,采集刺槐枝、根及其根际土,测定AM真菌侵染率和孢子密度、枝和根中养分含量、土壤理化性质以及易提取球囊霉素含量。【结果】1)随林龄的增加,AM真菌侵染率呈先增加后维持稳定的趋势,孢子密度呈直线上升的趋势。2)刺槐根和枝中养分状况与林龄显著相关,其中以根中钾、锌、铁、锰以及枝中氮、铜、锌、钾、铁、锰、钙、镁含量与林龄关系最为密切。3)随林龄的增加,土壤速效钾含量显著增加,硝态氮含量呈先增后减再增加的趋势,而易提取球囊霉素含量则呈直线下降的趋势。4)总的来说,土壤理化性质、AM真菌和植株养分状况与刺槐生长均有关,但刺槐林龄与各因子间的相互关系是随林龄而变化的。其中,11和23年生刺槐主要与枝中钾、锰、钙、镁、铁和锌含量呈正相关;35年生刺槐与枝中氮和铜含量、土壤速效钾含量、AM真菌侵染率和孢子密度呈正相关;46年生刺槐与根中钾和铁含量、AM真菌孢子密度、土壤速效钾和硝态氮含量呈正相关。【结论】1)刺槐纯林地土壤理化性质、AM真菌侵染状况、易提取球囊霉素及植株养分含量与其林龄有关。2)不同林龄刺槐生长状况与土壤理化性质、AM真菌和植株养分状况间的相互关系不同,其中,中幼龄(11~23年生)刺槐林的生长状况主要依赖于地上部养分状况,而成熟(35~46年生)刺槐林则受植株地上和地下部养分状况、AM真菌及土壤中氮、钾储量等因素的综合影响。 相似文献
9.
AM真菌对3种花卉生长发育的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究3种AM真菌对大丽花、孔雀草和金盏菊生长发育的影响.结果表明:接种AM真菌,提高了花卉幼苗的移栽成活率,叶片叶绿素含量和氮、磷、钾含量增加,生长量增加,开花期提前,盛花期的着花数增多,花期延长.大丽花和金盏菊对摩西球囊霉的依赖性最强,孔雀草对地表球囊霉的依赖性最强. 相似文献
10.
以桃棕哥斯达黎加San Carlos种源及14152号家系幼苗为宿主,开展接种丛枝菌根真菌(地表球囊霉、苏格兰球囊霉和木薯球囊霉)的试验研究.结果表明:参试的3个丛枝菌根真菌均可在桃棕San Carlos种源和14152号家系上形成感染,感染率26.7%～50.0%,感染指数13.3～37.5.尽管形成了菌根感染,但接种后7个月时,对桃棕San Carlos种源和14152号家系的地上部分的生长均未产生显著的影响;菌根接种对14152号家系根系的生长产生显著的促进作用(P＜0.05).木薯球囊霉G3008菌株接种处理下,14152号家系幼苗根系生物量和主根长分别比不接种(对照)提高了80.0%和51.4%.3个丛枝菌根菌中,木薯球囊霉G3008菌株对桃棕家系苗期根系发育有较好的效果. 相似文献
11.
Exploring the response differences of leaf physiology parameters to enhanced nitrogen deposition between saplings and trees is vital for predicting the variations of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function under future global climate change. In this study, the ecophysiological parameters of saplings and trees of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. were measured at different levels of nitrogen addition in a temperate forest. The results show that ecophysiological parameters maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_(max)), apparent quantum efficiency(a), dark respiration(R_d), light saturation point(L_(sp)), photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency(PNUE),specific leaf area(SLA)and stomatal conductance under saturated light intensity(G_(smax)) were higher in saplings than in trees. These physiological parameters and not N_(leaf)(leaf nitrogen content)led to relatively lower P_(max) and R_d in trees. For both saplings and trees, low and median nitrogen addition(23 and 46 kg ha~(-1)a~(-1)) resulted in significant increases in Pmax, Rd, Lsp, Chl, PNUE, SLA and Gsmax. These parameters tended to decline under high additions of nitrogen(69 kg ha~(-1)a~(-1)),whereas Nleaf was always enhanced with increasing nitrogen. Variations in Pmax and Rd with increasing nitrogen were attributed to variations in the strongly related parameters of, Lsp, Chl, PNUE, SLA and Gsmax. Overall, the response sensitivity of physiological parameters to enhanced nitrogen levels was lower in trees compared with saplings. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):471-480
Ingestad's concept of relative addition rate was used to grow a range of seedling types, of both black (Picea mariana) (Mill.) B.S.P.), and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Seedlings were grown for about 18 weeks in styrofoam containers under greenhouse conditions, and fertilized at exponentially increasing rates of either one, two, four or six per cent per day, following a one month pretreatment period. Pretreatment consisted of applying a nutrient solution proportionally low in nitrogen, but that had a relatively high conductivity compared to the initial solutions used in the exponentially increasing fertilizer treatments. Black spruce seedlings grew fastest, had significantly more root development or had a higher efficiency of nitrogen uptake when nutrients were applied at exponentially increasing amounts. In contrast, white spruce grew more rapidly when fertilized with a constant level of fertilizer (control treatment). Biomass allocation and nitrogen concentrations in seedlings of both species varied significantly with treatment, indicating that various levels of nitrogen stress had been achieved. It is suggested that different seedling stock types, which are acclimated to various levels of nutrient stress, can be produced by controlling the rate of nutrient addition. 相似文献
13.
The effects of excess nitrogen fertilization on the structure of Scots-pine needles (Pinus sylvestris) were examined in Finnish Lapland. The trees were fertilized with calcium ammonium-nitrate, and the levels of nitrogen applied were 0, 75, 150, 250, 500 and 1000 kg N/ha, respectively. The thickness and width of the needle and thicknesses of the tissues were measured, and the conditions of various celltypes were classified at the light-microscopy level. In addition, the areas of the cell organelles were measured and the conditions of the chlomplasts and other cell compartments observed at the ultrastructural level. Larger needles and a thicker adaxial mesophyll were observed following excess N application (250–1000 kg N/ha). The natural xeromorphic structure of the conifer needles became more mesomorphic, possibly influencing the protection afforded against environmental stresses. A high level of nitrogen fertilization caused changes in the central cylinder, especially in the vascular bundle and the sclerenchyma. The needle nitrogen concentration was high in the highly fertilized trees and the boron concentration was simultaneously extremely low. As a consequence of the changes in the central cylinder, photoassimilate transport from the mesophyll to the phloem may be disturbed at high fertilization levels. The changes at the ultrastructural level, i.e. injuries to the chloroplast thylakoids and the plasma membrane, and the formation of lipid accumulations, were indicators of the adverse effects of excess nitrogen. With an increasing atmospheric-nitrogen load, lower nitrogen fertilization levels in pine forests naturally adapted to low soil N should be considered in forest management. 相似文献
14.
15.
刚果12号桉无性系人工林养分曲线 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
应用常规方法 ,在雷林NPK复混肥和HYDRO NPK复合肥刚果 12号桉树无性系人工林试验区采样分析 ,结果表明 :桉树器官氮、磷、钾的浓度存在显著差异 ,顺序为 :叶 >枝 >皮 >根 >干 ;树体养分的平均浓度C随林龄t增大而降低 ,降低速率与施肥强度Q相关 ;桉树林养分吸收的总量X随t和Q增大而增大 ,养分吸收速率 (dX dt)随t增大而降低 ,说明桉树生长早期养分供给的重要性。养分吸收曲线可反映不同生长时期林木吸收养分的相对强度 ,给出达到相对应生长量的净养分需求量 ,在林木营养动态管理中具有重要理论和实践意义。 相似文献
16.
Relations between leaf dry weight to leaf area (LWA), leaf nitrogen concentration and irradiance inside a natural canopy were studied in Betula pendula Roth., Corylus avellana L. and Lonicera xylosteum L. In all species, LWA increased with increasing irradiance. Relative variability in LWA was smaller in Betula pendula than in the other two species. In Corylus avellana, LWA also depended on total plant height. Foliar nitrogen concentration (on a dry weight basis) increased with increasing irradiance and LWA in Betula pendula, but decreased in the other two species. The interspecific variation in response to light availability and in nitrogen partitioning may be caused by different light demands or different life forms (trees versus shrubs), or both, of the species examined, and must be considered in contemporary canopy models. 相似文献
17.
T. Sariyildiz E. Akkuzu M. Küçük A. Duman Y. Aksu 《European Journal of Forest Research》2008,127(5):429-440
This study investigated the effects of Ips typographus (L.) damage on initial litter quality parameters and subsequent decomposition rates of oriental spruce tree species [Picea orientalis (L.) Link]. The needle litter was collected from highly damaged, moderately damaged and control stands on two aspects (north
and south) and two slope position (top and bottom) on each aspect. The litter was analyzed for initial total carbon, lignin
and nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and manganese) concentrations. The variability in nitrogen
and calcium concentrations and ratios of C:N, lignin:N and lignin:Ca was significantly affected by the insect damaged levels.
While nitrogen concentrations in needle litter increased with increasing insect damage (and consequently the ratios of C:N
and lignin:N decreased), calcium concentrations decreased (and consequently the ratio of lignin:Ca increased). Aspect and
slope positions explained most of the variability in carbon, lignin, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and manganese concentrations
and lignin:P ratio between all studied stands. Litter decomposition was studied in the field using the litterbag technique.
The litter from highly damaged stands showed highest decomposition rates followed by moderately damaged and control stands.
The mass loss rates were significantly positively correlated with initial nitrogen concentration and negatively with C:N and
lignin:N ratios. The effects of microclimate resulting from canopy damage on litter decomposition was also examined at the
same time using standard litter with the same litter quality parameters, but they showed no significant differences among
the insect damage levels indicating that alteration of the litter quality parameters produced by I. typographus damage played a more important role than altered microclimate in controlling needle litter decomposition rates. However,
changes in microclimate factors due to topography influenced decomposition rates. 相似文献
18.
杉木人工林土壤酶活性对氮沉降的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对12年生杉木人工林开展N0(0kgN·hm-2a-1)、N1(60kgN·hm-2a-1)、N2(120kgN·hm-2a-1)和N3(240kgN·hm-2a-1)4种水平的模拟氮沉降试验,探讨亚热带森林土壤酶(过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶)活性对氮沉降增加的响应。试验采取2种施氮方式,即在缓冲区采取1年1次性施入氮,而在中心区每月施入等量氮。结果表明:缓冲区1次性施氮后30天内每10天土壤酶活性变化趋势和中心区按月施氮后酶活性动态均表现为N1始终促进3种酶活性(相对于N0处理);N1和N2处理对土壤酶活性的影响依施氮时间和土层深度不同而异,没有表现出明显的促进增加或抑制作用;随土层深度增加,3种酶活性均表现出明显降低趋势。 相似文献
19.
We studied a Mediterranean species (Erica arborea L.) growing in a CO(2) spring in Italy that was naturally exposed for generations to a gradient of atmospheric CO(2) concentrations. The CO(2) concentration gradient to which different individual plants were exposed was determined by an indirect method based on radioisotope analysis. The stable carbon isotope ratio of sampled leaves was determined by mass spectrometry, and isotopic discrimination was then calculated. Leaf nitrogen, specific leaf area, total soil nitrogen, soil organic matter content and soil pH were also measured. In one group of plants, grown on a homogeneous soil and exposed to moderate CO(2) enrichment, isotopic discrimination was significantly reduced in response to increasing CO(2) concentrations, whereas the intercellular CO(2) concentration and leaf nitrogen content were almost unaffected. In a second group of plants, grown along a gradient of CO(2) concentration and soil nitrogen content, leaf nitrogen content was reduced when nitrogen availability was limiting. However, when soil nitrogen was available in excess, even very high CO(2) concentrations did not result in increased discrimination or reduced leaf nitrogen content in the long term. The results are discussed with respect to current theories about the long-term CO(2) response of plants based on several years of experimentation with elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentrations under controlled conditions. 相似文献
20.
采用《测土配方施肥技术规范（试行）》推荐的"3414"试验设计方案，研究不同肥料处理对糙花少穗竹笋产量和品质的影响。结果表明：1）氮、磷、钾平衡施肥不仅显著提高糙花少穗竹笋产量，还明显提高单笋质量，平衡施肥处理的笋产量比未施肥的空白区增产26.56%，比氮或磷或钾缺素区分别增产10.45%、42.11%和28.57%，单笋质量比氮或磷或钾缺素区分别提高4.86%、27.01%和22.74%，不同肥料的增产效果表现为磷肥 > 钾肥 > 氮肥；2）平衡施肥处理能够改善笋品质，其笋粗蛋白含量较氮、磷、钾缺素区处理分别增加66.63%、41.45%、6.33%，笋粗纤维含量较空白区和氮、磷、钾缺素区处理分别降低7.32%和23.63%、12.84%、9.08%；3）肥效模型显示，糙花少穗竹的氮、磷、钾肥最佳施用量分别为氮肥150 kg/hm2、磷肥为58 kg/hm2、钾肥为83 kg/hm2，预计出笋产量1 596 kg/hm2，氮、磷、钾肥最佳比例为1：0.4：0.6。 相似文献