共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
采用间苯二酚改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂,结果表明,P/R摩尔比对间苯二酚-苯酚-甲醛树脂胶合木的剪切强度影响不大,剥离率与P/R摩尔比呈线性关系.间苯二酚-苯酚-甲醛树脂胶合木的剪切强度≥6MPa,剥离率＜10％. 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
针对酚醛树脂胶黏剂固化后脆性大,极易在竹材-树脂胶合界面形成应力集中,进而导致竹材胶合界面开裂问题,以纤维素纳米纤丝(CNF)和纤维素纳米晶须(CNW)为填料,通过用量的调控,以增韧酚醛(PF)树脂,改善竹材胶合界面性能,进而提高界面胶接强度。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术手段对改性前后酚醛树脂的性能和微观结构进行表征,并对竹胶合试件进行了胶合强度测试和胶合界面破坏形貌观察。结果表明:添加CNF和CNW虽不参与酚醛树脂胶黏剂固化过程,但对固化行为有一定影响,且对酚醛树脂有良好的增韧效果,进而能有效提高PF树脂与竹材界面胶接强度。当添加酚醛树脂胶黏剂固体含量0.5 wt%的CNF时,改性效果最优,PF树脂胶接试件的干、湿强度达到最大值,分别为13.56 MPa和7.61 MPa。本研究所采用的方法可有效改善竹材胶合制品界面性能,防止竹材胶合界面开裂,为提高竹材耐久性、拓展其应用范围提供良好的思路和借鉴。 相似文献
5.
液化木质素磺酸钙基环保酚醛胶黏剂的合成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨了加料方式对传统酚醛树脂(PF)胶黏剂游离酚、醛的影响因素.在此基础上,采用热化学酚化技术活化木质素磺酸钙得到木质素磺酸钙酚化产物,将酚化产物代替苯酚制备低成本的木质素基酚醛胶黏剂(LPF).实验结果表明,当甲醛分3次加入、碱液分2次加入时,制备的PF胶黏剂具有较低的游离酚、醛,且以苯酚为液化试剂,液化温度140℃、液化时间15min、苯酚与木质素磺酸钙的质量比(酚木比)为2∶1,酚化工业木质素磺酸钙,将得到的酚化液代替苯酚在酚醛物质的量之比为1∶1.7时,制得的LPF具有更低的游离酚、醛含量、较长的储存期和优异的胶合性能. 相似文献
6.
提高酚醛树脂胶固化速度的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了适应结构用胶合板胶合要求,对以碳水化合物－尿素－苯酚为基质的树脂合成,调胶配比与采用一般酚醛树脂加入１０％－５０％的落叶松栲胶来缩短酚醛树脂胶固化速度进行了研究,结果表明：前者采用三段反应合成工艺,加入固化剂制而成的快速固化型酚醛树脂胶粉剂,可以胶合含水率为１８％的高含水率单板,成品板的物理力学性能达到ＧＢ９８４６．１２－８８Ｉ类胶合板要求,后者可使一般酚醛树脂胶在固化温度不变情况下,缩短固化 相似文献
7.
落叶松树皮热解油酚醛树脂胶黏剂的制备与性能表征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用FTIR分析了落叶松树皮热解油的成分,并以落叶松树皮热解油为原料部分替代苯酚20％、40％、60％,制备落叶松树皮热解油-酚醛树脂胶黏剂,并对其性能进行表征。结果表明:1．热解油中含有很多酚类、醛类、酮类以及不饱和的C=C键和一些柔性基团,可以代替部分苯酚与甲醛制备落叶松树皮热解油-酚醛树脂胶黏剂,同时在一定程度上可能起到对酚醛树脂改性的作用。2．热解油-酚醛树脂胶黏剂具备与酚醛树脂胶黏剂类似的性能。热解油代替20％的苯酚制备的热解油-酚醛树脂的反应活性最大。3．热解油中含有大量C=O、CH2-OH、C-CH2-C等基团的化合物,增加了官能团的反应活性和反应交联度,使热解油的加入起到了一定的固化剂的作用;同时热解油中含有一定的醇类物质,以及一些柔性基团,它的加入改善了树脂的脆性,提高了韧性。4．热解油加入得越多,树脂的黏度越大,树脂的固化温度也相应减低,其稳定期减短。 相似文献
8.
9.
研究了硫酸催化条件下,将恩茅松在苯酚中液化用于制备酚醛树脂的技术工艺,分析了各工艺参数对思茅松液化效率的影响,测定了由液化产物制备的液化木基酚醛树脂的物理化学性质和胶合强度。结论如下：1）．液比、反应温度、时间和木粉目数是影响液化反应效率的重要因素,液化产物的残渣率均随上述工艺参数值的升高而降低。2）．残渣含量对树脂物化性质和胶合强度均有影响,残渣含量降低,树脂粘度减小,聚合时间缩短,游离酚含量降低,胶合强度升高。3）．甲醛／苯酚摩尔比对树脂的物化性质和胶合强度也有影响,甲醛／苯酚摩尔比增加,树脂粘度增加,聚合时间减少,游离酚含量减低,胶合强度升高。 相似文献
10.
以花生壳苯酚液化产物(PL)为主要原料,采用正交试验研究了加成反应的低温反应时间、缩聚反应的高温反应时间以及反应结束时的温度对花生壳苯酚液化产物-甲醛(PLPF)树脂胶合性能的影响,优化了树脂合成工艺,研究了三聚氰胺改性树脂及其PLPF的共混改性工艺,制备出了高耐水性生物质基木材胶黏剂。研究结果表明:当高温反应时间为40 min,最终反应温度为70℃时,可以获得性能优良的PLPF树脂。通过与三聚氰胺改性树脂共混改性PLPF胶黏剂所制试件的胶合强度可知:将PLPF树脂与三聚氰胺以7∶3的质量比共混,可以将共混改性PLPF树脂所制试件的平均胶合强度提高到1.1 MPa;而将改性树脂单独用于胶合板制备时,胶合性能较差。全反射红外光谱图显示,三聚氰胺与PLPF树脂会发生交联反应,改性PLPF树脂的图谱中存在明显的三聚氰胺特征结构,同时,也保留了部分PLPF树脂的特征结构。DSC分析显示,改性PLPF树脂与PLPF树脂相比,固化温度范围变小,反应热降低,热固化反应程度降低。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
18.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
19.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献