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以红花石蒜叶片基因组DNA为模板,分析了模板DNA、引物、dNTPs、Mg2 的浓度及Taq DNA聚合酶的用量对ISSR-PCR扩增结果的影响.建立了石蒜ISSR分析最优化的反应体系及应用程序:即25 μL反应体系中,有20 ng模板DNA、0.5 μmol·L-1随机引物、150 μmol·L-1 dNTPs、2.0 mmol·L-1 Mg2 、1.0 U Taq DNA聚合酶.反应程序为:94 ℃预变性5 min;然后45个循环:每个循环94 ℃变性45 s,55 ℃退火60 s,72 ℃延伸2 min;循环结束后72 ℃延伸7 min. 相似文献
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利用正交试验L16(45),结合单因素试验对厚朴相关序列扩增多态性(Sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)标记反应体系的5个因素(Mg2+,dNTPs,引物,Taq酶和模板DNA)进行优化试验,结果表明:各因素水平变化对PCR反应的影响从大到小依次为:dNTPsTaq酶模板DNAMg2+引物;筛选出各反应因素的最佳水平,建立厚朴SRAP-PCR反应的最佳体系(25μL)为:Taq酶1.5 U,Mg2+1.8 mmol.L-1,模板DNA100 ng,dNTP 0.24 mmol.L-1,引物0.40μL。试验表明,该体系重复性好、稳定性强。 相似文献
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以漾濞核桃中的大姚三台核桃为实验材料,通过对影响RAPD扩增结果的主要因子Tag酶、Mg+2、引物、模板DNA、dNTPs等不同的浓度和组合的试验研究,确定了漾濞核桃的最适反应体系和扩增程序,即在25μL反应体系中,0.75 u.L-1Taq DNA聚合酶,3.0 mmol.L-1Mg+2,0.3 mmol.L-1引物,含1.6 mg.L-1模板,2.5 ul 10×Buffer,dNTPs各0.2 mmol.L-1。扩增程序为:94℃预变性300 s,94℃变性40 s,36℃退火60 s,72℃链延伸120 s,45次循环后,72℃延伸600 s。 相似文献
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硅胶干燥野扁桃叶片制备DNA样品及其SSR反应体系的建立 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对硅胶干燥保存制备新疆野扁桃DNA样品和SSR反应体系优化进行了研究.结果表明:在室温下贮存3个月、6个月、9个月、1年和2年的硅胶干燥的同一野扁桃叶片材料中采用改进的CTAB法提取了高质量的基因组总DNA.较好的克服了野扁桃叶片中含有较高的多糖、多酚、色素以及单宁等次生物质的影响.通过A2s0/A280,琼脂糖凝胶电泳和PCR-SSR扩增结果分析对提取的基因组DNA进行了鉴定,2年内不同保存时期的同一材料对于DNA提取没有明显差异,提取的DNA用于SSR扩增所得的扩增产物也均无明显差异;确立野扁桃最佳的PCR-SSR反应体系是30～50 ng DNA模板,0.5UTaqDNA聚合酶,2.0mmol·L-1MgCl2,0.2 mmol·L-1dNTPs,0.2 mmol·L-1的引物,10×Taq酶配套缓冲液(pH 8.0),反应终体积20uL,引物最佳退火温度为54～57C.利用40个野扁桃随机叶样验证此反应体系,变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测结果显示,扩增产物在200～600 bp,多态性高,且反应体系的稳定性和可重复性好. 相似文献
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用正交设计法优化枣树ISSR-PCR反应体系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用正交设计的方法对枣ISSR-PCR反应体系的5因素(Taq酶、Mg2+、模板DNA、dNTPs、引物的浓度)在4水平上进行优化试验,PCR结果用DPS数据处理软件分析。实验结果表明:各因素的不同水平对PCR反应结果都有显著的影响,其中Mg2+影响最大;筛选出了各反应因素的最佳水平,建立枣ISSR-PCR的最佳反应体系(25μL)为:Taq酶1.0 U、Mg2+1.0 mmol/L模板DNA 1.0μL、dNTPs 0.25 mmol/L、引物0.3μmol/L。 相似文献
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鹅掌楸ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立及优化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为建立鹅掌楸简单序列重复区间扩增ISSR的PCR优化反应体系,以鹅掌楸叶片基因组DNA为材料,系统地测试了模板DNA、引物、dNTPs、Mg2+浓度、TaqDNA聚合酶用量及退火温度对ISSR-PCR反应体系的影响。结果表明:优化的PCR反应体系为:20μL总体系中,含30 ng模板DNA,0.3μmol.L-1随机引物,0.2 mmol.L-1dNTPs,1.4 mmol.L-1Mg2+,0.8 UTaqDNA聚合酶;最佳退火温度为60℃;PCR反应程序为:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性1 min,60℃退火45 s,72℃延伸2 min;45个循环;72℃再延伸7 min。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献